三年级英语语法大全.doc

语法专项整理（一）名词1、名词的种类：专有名词China, Beijing, Amy, January, Monday,普通名词可数名词单数a book, a pencil, an apple, an umbrella,复数books, pencils, apples, umbrellas,不可数名词milk, water, juice, tea, rice,2、专有名词：专有名词是指某个人、某些地方、某样物品专有的名称。Childrens Day 专有名词第一个字母要大写，前面不加a, an, the3、单数名词：（1）一般名词，在前面加a：a book, a computer,（2）元音字母开头的名词，在前面加an： an egg, an orange（元音字母是：a, e, i, o, u） 少数例外: an hour, a university (以元音发音为准)4、复数名词：规则：情况规则例词一般情况加scats, appleso, s, x, ch, sh结尾加espotatoes, buses, classes, boxes, watches辅音字母加y结尾去y加iesbutterfly-butterflies元音字母加y结尾加sdays, keys, boysf, fe结尾变成vesleaf-leaves, knife-knives不规则：情况例词改变元音foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, man-men, woman-women,词尾发生变化childchildren, mouse- mice单复数同形sheep-sheep, deer-deer, fish-fish, people-people5、不可数名词：在不可数名词前只能加some（一些）, much（许多）（1）液体：water, milk, coke, coffee, juice, tea（2）气体：air, vapour（3）不能“个别的”存在：hair, rice, beef, meat, pork, mutton语法专项整理（二）代词1、人称代词人 称单 数复 数主 格宾 格主 格宾 格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit2、物主代词人 称单 数复 数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersitsits3、指示代词：this, that, these, those 如：This is my doll. That is Marys. Look at the those sheep. They are eating grass.语法专项整理（三）数词1、 基数词：表示数目的多少oneone hundredtwotwentyone thousandthreethirteenthirty三位数要在百位和十位之间加and如：one hundred and sixteen 116one hundred and twenty-one 121fourfourteenfortyfivefifteenfiftysixsixteensixtysevernseventeenseventyeighteighteeneightyninenineteenninetyten加teen加ty两位数（非整十）中间加连字符“-”如：fifty-one 51eleventwelve2、 序数词：表示顺序 第一至第十第十一至第十九第二十及以上firsteleventhsecondtwelfthtwentieththirdthirteenththirtiethfourthfourteenthfortiethfifthfifteenthfiftiethsixthsixteenthsixtiethseventhseventeenthseventietheightheighteentheightiethninthnineteenthninetiethtenth除第1、2、3, 直接加thty结尾，变y为ie，再加th语法专项整理（五）介词1、介词的分类 词类例词时间介词at 7:00, in the morning, on Monday, before lunch, after dinner, 方位介词on the desk, in the park, at home, under the tree, behind the door, over the bed, in front of the house, near the lake, next to the cinema,动向介词go to school, jump into the water, climb up the tree, ski down the mountain, run out of the door方式介词by bike, on foot, play with my friend2、at, on, in在表示时间时的区别：（1）at用于具体的时刻：at 10:05, at noon, at night,（2）on用于具体的一天（常与星期、节日、具体的某一天连用，也表示某天上午、下午或晚上）：on Monday, on New Years Day, on June 1st, on my birthday, on Friday morning, on the weekend,（3）in用于某一段时间（常与上午、下午、晚上连用，常与月份、季节、年份连用）：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in March, in spring, in 2007,语法专项整理（六）There be 结构1、 概念：There be结构又叫存在句，表示某地存在某物。2、 There be 结构的肯定句（1） There is + 可数名词单数 + 地点：There is a book on the desk.（2） There is + 不可数名词 + 地点：There is some water in the glass（3） There are + 可数名词复数 + 地点：There are some flowers in the garden.l 就近原则：若句子中有几个并列的主语，be动词的形式和最近的一个主语保持一致 There is a book and 2 pencils in the bag. There are many flowers and a tree in the garden.3、 There be 结构的疑问句（把be动词提到句子前面，若句子中有some，要变为any） Is there a book on the desk? Is there any water in the glass?Are there any flowers in the garden?语法专项整理（七）现在进行时1、概念：表示说话时正在进行的动作。（提示词：Now, look, listen）2、构成：be动词 + 现在分词： be动词后面的动词要加ing，变成动名词。形式例句第一人称单数 + am + 现在分词I am reading a book.第三人称单数+ is + 现在分词He is doing homework. She is flying a kite.第二人称单数/各人称复数+ are + 现在分词We are cooking dinner. They are cleaning the room.3、现在分词规则例词一般情况，加ingWalk-walking, do-doinge结尾，去e加ingdance-dancing, make-making, write-writing, have-having,汉堡单词，双写加ingrun-running, swim-swimming hopping sitting 语法专项整理（八）一般现在时1、概念：表示现在存在着的状况，也可理解为习惯性的动作，不断重复发生的事。 提示词：always, often, usually, sometimes, never, every morning, every 2、构成：分类形式例句Be动词的一般现在时第一人称单数 + amI am a student.第三人称单数 + isHe is a boy. She is pretty第二人称单数/各人称复数 + are We are good friends. 其他动词的一般现在时第三人称单数 + 动词单三形式She works in the hospital. He lives in the city.其他人称 + 动词原形They work in the farm. We live in the village.3、动词单三形式：规则例词一般动词,加sworkworks, makemakeso，ch，sh，s，x结尾加eswatch-watches, wash-washes, go-goes, do-does辅音字母加y，去y加iesflyflies, cry-cries,元音字母加y，直接加sbuy-buys, playplays, stay-stays,不规则形式have-has are,amis语法专项整理（九）一般将来时1、概念：表示将来要做的事，要发生的动作。 提示词：tomorrow, tonight, this afternoon, this evening, this weekend, next weekend, next Monday, 2、构成：（1）be动词 + going to + 动词原形：I am going to watch TV after dinner.He is going to buy a book this afternoon.They are going to go swimming next Sunday.情态动词cancan在英语中有一个特殊的名字,叫做情态动词，表示“能够”,“会”,“能力”后面要跟着表示动作的动词。没有时态和人称的变化。表示不能做什么的时候,后面加上not为cannot,或者缩写为cant。问别人“能吗？”要把can放在句子前面,首字母要大写,句尾别忘加上问号。Icanswing.Icandraw.Shecanjump.Hecanplay.Wecantouch.Theycanrun.Icantsing.Youcantsee.Shecantdance.Hecanthearacar.三年级下册期末复习资料 一、句型复习：一般疑问句：有be动词把be动词提前，没be动词需加助动词Is this/that/it a .? 回答：Yes,it is. No,it isnt. Is he / she? 回答：Yes, he /she is. No, he/she isnt. Are you ? 回答：Yes, I am. No, I am not. Are these/they .? 回答：Yes,they are. No,they arent. Do you.? 回答：Yes, I do. No, I dont. Does he/she/it? 回答：Yes,he does. No. he doesnt. Is there.? 回答：Yes,there is. No, there isnt. Are there.? 回答：Yes,there are. No, there arent.特殊疑问句：首先确定特殊疑问词 1.where：哪里（状语） 2.what ：什么 3.what colour：问颜色（表语） 4.who ：谁 ( 回答用He is. She is. They are.等） 5.how：怎么样 6.how many：多少数量 7.how much：多少钱价格 Whos he/she ? 回答：Hes/Shes Who are they? 回答：They are. Where is.? 回答：Its in/on.(介词短语) Where are? 回答：They are in/on.(介词短语) Where are you from? 回答：I am from. / We are from. Where is he / she/ it from? 回答： He /She / It is from Where are they from? 回答： They are from. Whats in / on / near/ under / beside the ? 回答：There is /are . How many.? 回答：There is one./There are two.(2个或2个以上的数字) What is it/this/that? (单数) 回答： Its a . What are they/these/those? （复数） 回答： Theyre 日常用语：Put.on/in(介词短语). 回答： OK/All right. Draw. 回答: OK/All right. Thank you! 回答: Youre welcome. Heres . 回答:Thank you!二、名词单数变复数，一般都把s 加。特殊变化有以下：1.单数复数一个样， sheep-sheep fish- fish goldfish - goldfish Chinese-Chinese Japanese -Japanese2.遇到oo 变ee : foot-feet goose- geese tooth - teeth3.有些变化就是大：mouse mice child - children man-men woman-women4 .以s, x, sh, ch 结尾 ， es (bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches)5、以0 结尾（有生命的o）+es (tomato-tomatoes)(番茄) 例外：kangaroo- kangaroos6、以辅音字母y结尾，改y为ies ( lady-ladies, baby-babies study-studies)7.以f 或fe结尾，改f或fe为ves (knife- knives shelf-shelves) 三、have与has 的区别：have, has 都是“有”,它们的用法有讲究, 表示“某人有某物”，have, has请记住。he, she, it “有”用has， I, we , they , you 都用 have。主人单数用 has , 主人复数用 have。 have 就是能力强，疑问 （ ？）否定 （dont / do not）都用它。四、have ，has 与there is , there are 的区别表示某人或某动物 有 ： has / have (I have a dog. The dog has a short tail.)表示某地方 有： there is / are (There is a book in the bag. )五、Some与any 的区别：some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。如：I have some books. I dont have any books. Do you have any books ?六a 与an 的区别一般来讲，元音字母（即a, e , i, o , u ）开头的单词用an如： an apple an ear an American girl an Australian stamp an old man 七 There be 句型 （即 there is / there are ）意思： 表示某地方有某人或某物原则：就