《研究生学位英语》word版.doc

考试须知1、 本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间为120分钟。2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（ABCD）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet指定位置上。6、 考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别上交监考老师。Test 19Part I. Situational Conversations (10%)Directions: In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter1. Consumer: Im looking for a new living room set.Salesmen: We have a lot of very nice sets. What style do you have in mind?Consumer: _. What I need is something comfortable. A. It really doesnt matter B. I really dont botherC. its really not necessary D. I really dont think2. Bob: Hi, Michel.Michel: Hi, Bob. The party is really nice, isnt it?Bob: _. Lots of food and drinks! A. It must be B. It is certainC. It sure is D. It is real3. Kathy: Do you have any tissue, Larry?Larry: Here. _Kathy: Thanks. I have a terrible headache. It seems to be flu. A. Im glad to help. B. Are you all right?C. Can I help you? D. What do you want to do?4. Henry: When are you leaving?George: Im going to try to leave by 10:00.Henry: Take care and _. A. say greeting to your parents B. say good to your parentsC. give my best to your parents D. give my wish to your parents5. Rolf: Im terribly sorry that I broke your precious vase. Ill pay for it.Landlady: _. A. Cant complain B. Never mindC. Relax yourself D. Take care6. Speaker A: _ Speaker B: Whats the problem? Speaker A: I switched on the power five minutes ago, and now it doesnt show up AAre you the owner of the computer here? BDo you know whom this computer belongs to? CWhat can I do for you? DCould you help me?7. George: Michael, I would like to introduce a friend of mine, if I may, Davis Snow. Davis, this is Michael Smith. Davis: _A. How have you been? B. Pleased to meet you, Michael.C. Mind if I call you Michael? D. The pleasure is mine.8. Faith: Im much grateful to you for everything youve done for me. Ryan: _ A. Forget about it. B. Thats all right. C. Im pleased to be at your service. D. You are very welcome to visit our country.9. Christina: Hi, Lydia. Do you have any change? I have to make a call on the pay phone. Lydia: _ A. Speaking, please. I can pay for your call. B. Pay phone? Why not use my mobile phone? C. No change at all. Are you calling from a pay phone? D. What? You want to borrow some money to buy a phone?10. Jessica: Im afraid I have spilled some coffee on the table cloth. Beth: _ A. Oh, dont worry about that. B. You neednt apologize. C. I feel sorry for that. D. Oh, you shouldnt have done that.Part II Reading Comprehension (40%)Section ADirections: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.(30%)Passage One Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:In general, our society is becoming one of grand enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music and by psychologist and human-relation experts; yet all this oiling doesnt alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he doesnt whole-heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job, they are anxious also because they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again - by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth century free enterprise capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialitiesthose of love and of reasonare the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.11. By a well-oiled cog in the machinery the author intends to render the idea that man is_.A) a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB) working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC) an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD) a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly12. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that _.A) they are likely to lose their jobsB) they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC) they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD) they are deprived of their individuality and independence13. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those_.A) who are at the bottom of the societyB) who are higher up in their social statusC) who prove better than their fellow competitorsD) who could keep far away from this competitive world14. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should_.A) resort to the production mode of our ancestors B) offer higher wages to the workers and employees C) enable man to fully develop his potentialities D) take the fundamental realities for granted 15. The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of_.A) approval B) dissatisfaction C) suspicion D) tolerancePassage Two Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:It was once believed that being overweight was healthy, but nowadays few people subscribe to this viewpoint. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce weight, studies are being conducted concerning the appetite and how it is controlled by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the conclusions of these studies may give insights into how to deal with weight problems. For example, when several hundred people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44 percent said they reacted to stressful situations by eating. Further investigations with both humans and animals indicated that it is not food which relieves tension but rather the act of chewing.A test in which subjects were blindfolded showed that obese people have a keener sense of taste and crave more flavorful food than non-obese people. When deprived of the variety and intensity of tastes, obese people are not satisfied and consequently eat more to fulfill this need. Blood samples taken from people after they were shown a picture of food revealed that overweight people reacted with an increase in blood insulin (胰岛素), a chemical associated with appetite. This did not happen to average-weight people.In another experiment, results showed that certain people have a specific, biologically induced hunger for carbohydrates (糖类). Eating carbohydrates raises the level of serotonin( 血清素), a neurotransmitter in the brain. Enough serotonin produces a sense of satiation, and hunger for carbohydrates subsides.Exercise has been recommended as an important part of a weight-loss program. However, it has been found that mild exercise, such as using the stairs instead of the elevator, is better in the long run than taking on a strenuous program, such as jogging, which many people find difficult to continue over long periods of time and which also increases appetite.16. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A) overweight people are tenseB) thin people dont eat when under stressC) weight watchers should chew on something inedible when tenseD) 56 percent of the population isnt overweight17. According to the passage, insulin _.A) increases in the bloodstream when people eat large amounts of foodB) can be used to lessen the appetiteC) causes a chemical reaction when food is seenD) levels dont change in average-weight people who see food18. In order to lose weight, it would be a good idea for heavy people to _.A) jog three miles daily and chew on carrot sticksB) avoid stressful situations and have control over their eating habitsC) eat plenty of chewy carbohydratesD) walk up stairs and look at pictures of food19. Which of the following exercises might be best for an overweight person to engage in daily?A) An evening walk. B) A long swim. C) Cross-country skiing. D) Ten-mile bicycle rides.20. What can be said about serotonin?A) It is a chemical that increases the appetite.B) Only certain people produce it in their brains.C) It tells the brain when a person is full.D) It neurotransmits carbohydrates to the brain.Passage Three Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Scientists are hoping to eliminate malaria by developing a genetically modified mosquito that cannot transmit the disease. Malaria has long troubled the populations of South America, Africa, and Asia, where mosquito bites infect up to 500 million people a year with this serious and sometimes fatal parasitic blood disease. For generations, scientists have been trying to eliminate malaria by developing new drugs and using pesticides to wipe out local mosquito populations. But these measures arent working _ and some scientists, like Greg Lanzaro, say that because of drug resistance and population changes, malaria is actually more prevalent now than it was 20 years ago. Lanzaro says he has a better way to stop the spread of malaria: genetically modifying mosquitoes so they are unable to carry the disease. Lanzaro and his colleagues are planning a multi-year project to produce malaria-resistantmosquitoes and he thinks they can do it within five years. We can get foreign genes into mosquitoes and they go where theyre supposed to go, Lanzaro says, pointing out that scientists have already succeeded in genetically engineering mosquitoes that cannot transmit malaria to birds and mice. And, he says, scientists are quickly making progress on genes that block transmission of the disease to humans as well. The most difficult part scientifically, Lanzaro says, is figuring out how to get the lab-engineered mosquitoes to spread their genes into natural populations. After all, he points out, its useless to engineer mosquitoes in the lab that cant transmit malaria when there are millions out in the wild that can. To solve this problem, Lanzaro wants to load up a mobile piece of DNA with the malaria-resistant gene, and then insert it into a group of mosquito embryos. The malaria-resistant gene would be integrated directly into the mosquitoes DNA, making it impossible for those mosquitoes to transmit the parasite that causes malaria. In this way a small group of lab-raised mosquitoes could be released into the wild, and by interbreeding with wild mosquitoes, eventually transmit the beneficial gene to the entire population.21. One reason for malaria to be widespread now is that A). more people have moved to malaria-infected areas B). mosquitoes have become resistant to pesticides C). genetically modified mosquitoes still transmit the disease D). mosquitoes bite as many as 500 million people a year22. Lanzaro is hopeful that in a few years man can A). start to eliminate malaria B). cure parasitic blood diseases C). prevent mice from transmitting parasites D). acquire immunity against malaria23. Lanzaro is confident that scientists can block transmission of malaria to humans because A). natural mosquito populations do not change B). scientists have succeeded with birds and mice C). foreign genes always go where they are required D). lab-raised mosquitoes will not be resistant to drugs24. What is the most difficult part of Lanzaros project? A). Spreading malaria-resistant genes into natural mosquito populations. B). Raising malaria-resistant mosquitoes. C). Making genes that block the transmission of malaria. D). Identifying malaria-resistant genes.25. According to the passage, a fundamental way to wipe out malaria is to A). develop new malaria-resistant drugs B). produce effective pesticides to kill mosquitoes C). change the genetic makeup of mosquitoes D). remove people from malaria-infected areasSection BDirections: In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. Read the passage carefully, then write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(10%) Radio, when it was invented, was first used to send messages, to give warning of storms and to transmit SOS calls, and thereby increase safety at sea. Then, as technical improvements were introduced, it began to be used for entertaining an audience and for informing and educating it. Radio broadcasting started in Britain and the U.S.A. in the early 1920s and soon spread to other countries. The first regular public high-definition television service in the world was started in Britain by the British Broadcasting Corporation the B.B.C. in November. 1936. Although it may have been a slow starter, television has caught up with tremendous strides, and it has now made sound radio seem a little old-fashioned. Through its ability to bright the sights and sounds of many lands to the viewer, television has an unrivalled power for educationin the widest sense of the world. Television is indeed a window on the world through which the viewer can see how the rest of the world lives. However, television can also be used for more specific educational purposes; for teaching children in schools or for adult education. The uses of radio and television are not confined to the more obvious ones of providing a public broadcasting service that combines information, education and entertainment. Both radio and television can be used for more specific communication purposes. Thus radio links, for example, can be used to keep individuals in touch with each other when they are out of sight and out of earshot in large office blocks, or on engineering sites, or in difficult terrain. And closed-circuit television is now widely used in commerce, science and public affairs.26. What is the short essay mainly about?27. How many years after radio broadcasting started did B. B.C. start?28. Why radio may have been a slow starter?29. Television is indeed a window on the world because _.30. From the last paragraph, we know the writers opinion is that _.Part III Error Correction （10%） Directions: In this part there is one passage. In the passage there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change word, add a word or delete(删去) a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark () in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Write your answer on Answer SheetThekeytobeingawinneristohavedesir