JAVA3D基础学习.docx

java3d整理java3d基础环境配置1.1安装jdk 1.2安装官网下载最新版本简单实例2.1新建java项目2.2导入基本jar包，jar包下载2.3编写代码package measoft.java3d.base;import java.applet.applet;import java.awt.borderlayout;import java.awt.graphicsconfiguration;import javax.media.j3d.appearance;import javax.media.j3d.background;import javax.media.j3d.boundingsphere;import javax.media.j3d.branchgroup;import javax.media.j3d.canvas3d;import javax.media.j3d.directionallight;import javax.media.j3d.material;import javax.media.j3d.transformgroup;import javax.vecmath.color3f;import javax.vecmath.point3d;import javax.vecmath.vector3f;import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.mainframe;import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.cone;import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.simpleuniverse;/* * 使用了simpleuniverse对象，使得基本步骤比较简单： * 1.创建一个canvas3d对象。 * 2.创建并定制一个simpleuniverse对象，该对象引用前一步创建的canvas3d对象 * 3.构建内容子图 * 4.编译内容子图 * 5.将内容子图插入simpleuniverse的locale中 * * * author j_nan * */public class mycone extends applet public branchgroup createscenegroup()/* * 一、 1.创建一个包含对象的数据结构2.生成坐标系3.将坐标系添加到跟节点上 4.设置场景 的有效范围 */branchgroup objroot = new branchgroup();transformgroup objtrans = new transformgroup();objroot.addchild(objtrans);boundingsphere bounds = new boundingsphere(new point3d(0.0,0.0,0.0),100.0);/* * 二、1. 创建背景颜色 2.设置背景边界 3.添加背景到场景中 */color3f bgcolor = new color3f(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f);background bg = new background(bgcolor);bg.setapplicationbounds(bounds);objroot.addchild(bg);/* * 三、1. 添加平行光 2.给指定的bounds设定光的范围界限 */color3f directionallightcolor = new color3f(1.f,1.f,1.f);vector3f vec = new vector3f(0.f,0.f,-1.0f);directionallight directionallight = new directionallight(directionallightcolor,vec);directionallight.setinfluencingbounds(bounds);objroot.addchild(directionallight);/* * 四、1.设置外观 2.设置材料 3.生成基本圆锥 */appearance app = new appearance();material material = new material(); material.setdiffusecolor(new color3f(10.f,1.0f,0.0f);app.setmaterial(material);cone cone = new cone(.5f,1.0f,1,app);objroot.addchild(cone);/* * 五、 返回objroot */return objroot;public mycone()setlayout(new borderlayout();graphicsconfiguration config = simpleuniverse.getpreferredconfiguration();/* * 第一步：canvas3d类提供了一个3d渲染绘图画布，构造并初始化一个新的canvas3d对象 */canvas3d c = new canvas3d(config);/* * 第二步：创建虚拟空间 */simpleuniverse u = new simpleuniverse(c);/* * 第三步：构建内容子图 */branchgroup scene = createscenegroup();/* * 第四步：编译内容子图 */pile();/* * 第五步：将内容子图插入simpleuniverse的locale中 */u.addbranchgraph(scene);add(center,c);/安放观察点u.getviewingplatform().setnominalviewingtransform();public static void main(string args) new mainframe(new mycone(),400,300);运行效果如图：编写java3d程序的一般步骤:a. scenegraphobject 的子类是构建场景图的基石。基本的java 3d程序由7个步骤组成，如下所示。这7个步骤就是编写java 3d 程序的一般步骤。这些步骤可以用来编写许多有用的java3d 程序。(1) 创建一个canvas3d对象。(2) 创建一个virtualuniverse对象。(3) 创建一个local对象。将它与virtualuniverse对象联系起来。(4) 构造视野子图。a. 创建一个view对象b. 创建一个viewplatform对象。c. 创建一个physicalbody对象d. 创建一个physicalenvironment对象e. 将viewplatform、physicalbody、physicalenvironment和canvas3d对象联系到view对象上(5) 构造内容子图(6) 编译子图(7) 将子图插入到localeb. 使用了simpleuniverse对象使基本步骤更简单。下面列出了基本步骤，其中的第(2)步取代了原来的第(2)(4)步(1) 创建一个canvas3d对象(2) 创建并定制一个simpleuniverse对象，该对象引用前一步创建的canvase3d对象。(3) 构建内容子图(4) 编译内容子图(5) 将内容子图插入simpleuniverse的locale中java 3d 常用类介绍simpleuniverse类使用simpleuniverse类进行java 3d编程可以显著减少创建视野子图所需要的时间和工作量。使程序员可以有更多的时间来考虑场景的内容。 这个类创建了一个最小的用户环境以使java 3d程序可以运行，创建一个视野子图所必须的所有对象。明确地说，这个类创建了locale、virtualuniverse、viewingplatform和viewer对象(都具有特定的默认值)。这些对象默认地被设置为恰当的值，使它们可以构成一个合适的视野子图。simpleuniverse提供了大部分java 3d应用程序所必须的功能。viewer和viewingplatform 是方便的工具类。这些类使用了view和viewplatform核心类simpleuniverse():创建一个简单的虚拟空间simpleuniverse(canvas3d canvas3d):创建一个简单的虚拟空间，并指定一个canvas3d参数simpleuniverse对象创建了一个完整的虚拟世界视野子图。视野子图包括一个图像板（image plate）图像板是一个概念上的矩形，经过渲染系统渲染得到的图像就投影到这个平面上。canvas3d对象就是显示器上窗口中显示的衣服图片对应的对象，同时它可以认为就是图像板块默认的，图像板剧中放置于simpleuniverse的原点。默认的方向是与z轴垂直。从这个位置，x轴水平穿过图像板，右侧是正半轴。y轴垂直地穿过图像板，上面是正半轴。结果点(0,0,0)位于图像版的正中间查看apibranchgroup类该类型的对象用于构建场景图。branchgroup的实例是子图的根节点。branchgroup对象是locale唯一允许的子节点对象。branchgroup对象可以拥有多个子节点。branchgroup对象的子节点可以使其他的group或者leaf对象。 方法 branchgroup()生成branchgroup的实例作为场景图分支的根节点。branchgroup是唯一可以插入到locale的对象。查看apicanvas3d 类canvas3d类继承自awt的canvas类。一个canvas3d对象必须在场景图的视野子图中被渲染。如果想知道关于canvas类的更多信息请查询awt的参考文档canvas3d(graphicsconfiguration graphicsconfiguration)创建并初始化一个新的canvas3d对象，java 3d可以根据一个有效的graphicsconfiguration对象进行渲染。这是awt的canvas类的一个扩充查看apitransform3d 类transform3d 对象表示3d几何体的变换，比如平移和旋转，该对象通常只用于创建transformgroup对象，首先创建一个transform3d对象，当然可能根据若干transform3d对象的组合来创建。然后使用创建出来的transform3d对象创建transformgroup对象。在场景图中是没有transform3d对象的。它只用于指定transformgroup对象的变换， 一个transform3d对象可以表示平移、旋转、缩放或者这些变换的组合。当指定了一个旋转变换是，角度是一弧度来表达的，查看apitransformgroup类作为group类的子类transformgroup的实例用于创建场景图，而且它还可以拥有子节点的几何变换。transfromgroup对象保存的是平移旋转缩放之类的几何变换，通常创建transformgroup的时候需要指定对应的transform3d对象。transformgroup负责保存场景图中的变换，常用方法：transformgroup():创建并初始化一个transformgroup对象，变换矩阵为单位矩阵transformgroup(transform3d t):根据给定的transform3d 参数创建并初始化一个transformgroup对象。查看api简单示例package com.test.java3d;import java.applet.applet;import java.awt.borderlayout;import javax.media.j3d.*;import javax.vecmath.*;import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.*;import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.mouse.*;import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.cone;import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.simpleuniverse;public class conedisplay extends applet public branchgroup createscenegroup()branchgroup branchgrouproot = new branchgroup();boundingsphere bounds = new boundingsphere(new point3d(0.0,0.0,0.0),100.0);background bg = new background(new color3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f);bg.setapplicationbounds(bounds);branchgrouproot.addchild(bg);directionallight directionallight = new directionallight(new color3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f),new vector3f(0.0f,0.0f,-1.0f);directionallight.setinfluencingbounds(bounds);branchgrouproot.addchild(directionallight);transformgroup transformgroup = new transformgroup();/* * allow_transform_read * specifies that the node allows access to its objects transform information. * allow_transform_write * specifies that the node allows writing its objects transform information. */transformgroup.setcapability(transformgroup.allow_transform_read);transformgroup.setcapability(transformgroup.allow_transform_write);branchgrouproot.addchild(transformgroup);/* * 旋转 * mouserotate is a java3d behavior object that lets users control the rotation of an object via a mouse */mouserotate mouserotate = new mouserotate(transformgroup);/* * set the behaviors scheduling region to the specified bounds * this is used when the scheduling bounding leaf is set to null */mouserotate.setschedulingbounds(bounds);branchgrouproot.addchild(mouserotate);/* * 缩进 * mousezoom is a java3d behavior object that * lets users control the z axis translation of * an object via a mouse drag motion with the second mouse button */mousezoom mousezoom = new mousezoom(transformgroup);/* * set the behaviors scheduling region to the specified bounds. * this is used when the scheduling bounding leaf is set to null */mousezoom.setschedulingbounds(bounds);branchgrouproot.addchild(mousezoom);/* * 拖动 * mousetranslate is a java3d behavior object that * lets users control the translation (x, y) of * an object via a mouse drag motion with the third mouse button (alt-click on pc). * see mouserotate for similar usage info. */mousetranslate mousetranslate = new mousetranslate(transformgroup);/* * set the behaviors scheduling region to the specified bounds. * this is used when the scheduling bounding leaf is set to null. */mousetranslate.setschedulingbounds(bounds);branchgrouproot.addchild(mousetranslate);appearance appearance = new appearance();material material = new material();material.setdiffusecolor(new color3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);appearance.setmaterial(material);cone cone = new cone(0.5f,1.0f,appearance);transformgroup.addchild(cone);branchgrouprpile();return branchgrouproot;public conedisplay()setlayout(new borderlayout();canvas3d c =new canvas3d(simpleuniverse.getpreferredconfiguration();add(center,c);simpleuniverse u = new simpleuniverse(c);u.addbranchgraph(createscenegroup();u.getviewingplatform().setnominalviewingtransform();public static void main(string args) new mainframe(new conedisplay(),300,300);导入3d图形文件虽说java 3d可以构造出一些漂亮的几何形体，但是要想通过程序来构造复杂的几何形体，其难度是可想而知的。java 3d作为一套优秀的api，考虑到了这一点，提供了一组可以用来导入一些常用的3d图形文件的接口，这些接口可以将这些文件转化为java 3d可以识别的数据结构，这样这程序中就可以显示复杂的几何形体了。loaderjava3d现在还没有自己的文件格式，是一套能够实时渲染3d图形的api,java 3d导入文件是通过loader实现的。loader负责读入文本或者二进制文件,然后转换成java 3d支持的数据结构.obj.obj格式文件下载例子：package measoft.java3d.base;import java.applet.applet;import java.awt.borderlayout;import java.io.filenotfoundexception;import javax.media.j3d.alpha;import javax.media.j3d.ambientlight;import javax.media.j3d.appearance;import javax.media.j3d.background;import javax.media.j3d.boundingsphere;import javax.media.j3d.branchgroup;import javax.media.j3d.canvas3d;import javax.media.j3d.directionallight;import javax.media.j3d.material;import javax.media.j3d.rotationinterpolator;import javax.media.j3d.transform3d;import javax.media.j3d.transformgroup;import javax.vecmath.color3f;import javax.vecmath.point3d;import javax.vecmath.vector3f;import com.sun.j3d.loaders.incorrectformatexception;import com.sun.j3d.loaders.parsingerrorexception;import com.sun.j3d.loaders.scene;import com.sun.j3d.loaders.objectfile.objectfile;import com.sun.j3d.loaders.vrml97.vrmlloader;import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.mainframe;import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.mouse.mouserotate;import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.mouse.mousetranslate;import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.mouse.mousezoom;import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.simpleuniverse;public class objloader extends applet public branchgroup createscenegraph(string filename) branchgroup objroot = new branchgroup();boundingsphere bounds = new boundingsphere(new point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),100.0);/背景background bg = new background(new color3f(0.8f, 0.5f, 0.0f);bg.setapplicationbounds(bounds);objroot.addchild(bg);color3f lightcolor1 = new color3f(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);vector3f lightdirection1 = new vector3f(4.0f, -7.0f, -12.0f);color3f lightcolor2 = new color3f(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.4f);vector3f lightdirection2 = new vector3f(-0.6f, -0.2f, -1.0f);color3f ambientcolor = new color3f(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f);/ 环境光ambientlight ambientlight = new ambientlight(ambientcolor);ambientlight.setinfluencingbounds(bounds);objroot.addchild(ambientlight);/ 创建两束直射光，并添加到跟分支节点directionallight light1 = new directionallight(lightcolor1,lightdirection1);light1.setinfluencingbounds(bounds);objroot.addchild(light1);directionallight light2 = new directionallight(lightcolor2,lightdirection2);light1.setinfluencingbounds(bounds);objroot.addchild(light2);/ 创建一个变换组叶节点，并添加到分支节点/ 该节点允许 transform_write功能，因此程序可以在运行的时候改变行为transformgroup objtrans = new transformgroup();objtrans.setcapability(transformgroup.allow_transform_write);objroot.addchild(objtrans);/使物体能够旋转alpha rotationalpha = new alpha(-1, alpha.increasing_enable, 0, 0,4000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);transform3d yaxis = new transform3d();rotationinterpolator rotator = new rotationinterpolator(rotationalpha,objtrans, yaxis, 0.0f, (float) math.pi * 2.0f);rotator.setschedulingbounds(bounds);objtrans.addchild(rotator);/ 建立导入模型所在的变换组分支节点，添加到跟分支节点transformgroup objtg = new transformgroup();objtg.setcapability(transformgroup.allow_transform_write);objtg.setcapability(transformgroup.allow_transform_read);transform3d g = new transform3d();objtg.gettransform(g);/缩小0.5倍g.setscale(0.5);objtg.settransform(g);objtrans.addchild(objtg);/ 创建objectfile对象，指明属性int flags = objectfile.resize;objectfile f = new objectfile(flags, (float) (49.0 * math.pi / 180.0);/ 创建场景叶节点，导入obj文件scene s = null;try s = f.load(filename); catch (filenotfoundexception e) /处理文件不存在system.out.println(e);system.exit(1);/ 处理分析文件遇到问题的异常 catch (parsingerrorexception e) system.out.println(e);system.exit(1); catch (incorrectformatexception e) system.out.println(e);system.exit(1);/ 将场景叶节点添加到3d模型所在的变换组分支节点objtg.addchild(s.getscenegroup();objrpile();return objroot;public objloader(string filename) / 指明所要导入的文件filename = d:/ateneal.obj;this.setlayout(new borderlayout();canvas3d c = new canvas3d(simpleuniverse.getpreferredconfiguration();this.add(center, c);simpleuniverse u = new simpleuniverse(c);u.addbranchgraph(createscenegraph(filename);u.getviewingplatform().setnominalviewingtransform();public static void main(string args) new mainframe(new objloader(null), 500, 500);运行如图：.wrl下载.wrl格式文件下载vrml97.jar包除了基本的java 3d jar包外再下载vrml97.jar，并导入进项目中import java.applet.applet;import java.awt.borderlayout;import javax.media.j3d.ambientlight;import javax.media.j3d.background;import javax.media.j3d.boundingsphere;import javax.media.j3d.branchgroup;import javax.media.j3d.canvas3d;import javax.media.j3d.directionallight;import javax.media.j3d.transform3d;import javax.media.j3d.transformgroup;import javax.vecmath.color3f;import javax.vecmath.point3d;import javax.vecmath.vector3f;import com.sun.j3d.loaders.scene;import com.sun.j3d.loaders.vrml97.vrmlloader;import com.sun.j3d.utils.applet.mainframe;import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.mouse.mouserotate;import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.mouse.mousetranslate;import com.sun.j3d.utils.behaviors.mouse.mousezoom;import com.sun.j3d.utils.geometry.colorcube;import com.sun.j3d.utils.universe.simpleuniverse;public class wrlloader extends applet public branchgroup createscenegraph(string filename) branchgroup objroot = new branchgroup();boundingsphere bounds = new boundingsphere(new point3d(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),100.0);/背景background bg = new background(new color3f(0.8f, 0.5f, 0.0f);bg.setapplicationbounds(bounds);objroot.addchild(bg);vector3f lightdirection1 = new vector3f(4.0f, -7.0f, -12.0f);color3f ambientcolor = new color3f(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f);/ 创建环境光，并添加到跟分支节点ambientlight ambientlight = new ambientlight(ambientcolor);ambientlight.setinfluencingbounds(bounds);objroot.addchild(ambientlight);/ 创建两束直射光，并添加到跟分支节点directionallight light1 = new directionallight(new color3f(new color3f(240,240,120),lightdirection1);light1.setinfluencingbounds(bounds);objroot.addchild(light1);/ 创建一个变换组叶节点，并添加到分支节点/ 该节点允许 transform_write功能，因此程序可以在运行的时候改变行为transformgroup objtrans = new transformgr