钻井专业英语题库（中级） .doc

油田生产事业部专业英语题库（中级部分）一、专业词汇英汉互译：1. crane operator 吊车司机 2. roustabout 甲板工 3. head of roustabout 甲板长 4. floorman/roughneck 钻工5. derrickman 井架工 6. assistant driller 副司钻7. driller 司钻 8. junior toolpusher 值班队长9. senior toolpusher 高级队长 10. rig manager 平台经理11. safety supervisor 安全监督 12. captain 船长13. chief supervisor 总监 14. cleaning man 清洁工15. drilling crew 钻井班 16. drilling engineer钻井工程师 17. drilling supervisor钻井监督 18. bit diameter 钻头直径19. bit footage 钻头进尺 20. bit position 钻头位置21. casing size 套管尺寸 22. hole size 井眼尺寸23. hook position 大钩位置 24. kelly - down/in depth 方入深度25. kelly - up 方余 26. nozzle size 水眼尺寸27. gas content 气含量 28. leakage 漏失量29. mud volume 泥浆量 30. pump stroke 泵冲31. hook load 大钩负荷 32. weight on bit 钻压33. bit lift 钻头寿命 34. bit time 钻头纯钻时间35. down time 停工时间 36. drilling hours 钻进时间37. tripping time 起下钻时间 38. annular velocity 环空流速39. pump speed 泵速 40. rotary speed 转盘转速41. back pressure 回压 42. bottomhole pressure 井底压力43. oil reservoir pressure油层压力 44. pump pressure 泵压45. shutin casing pressure关井套压 46. bit cost钻头成本47. bit type钻头类型 48. bit wear钻头磨损49. dog leg ratio狗腿率50. intensity 强度51. sensitivity 灵敏度52. table torque 转盘扭矩53. tong torque 大钳扭矩54. temperature温度55. wind direction风向56. one hundred10057. well depth井深 58. nine point five feet 9.5 英尺59. equipment on floor 钻台设备60. air chamber 空气包61. air hoist/winch气动绞车62. brake lever/handle 刹把63. brake line/staple 刹带64. cantilever 悬臂梁65. cathead line 猫头绳66. cathead猫头67. catwalk滑道68. cellar deck/texas deck 井口甲板69. clutch 离合器70. crown block 天车71. dead line anchor 死绳固定器72. derrick井架73. dog house值班室74. drawworks 钻井绞车75. drillers console 司钻控制台76. drilling line钻井大绳77. drum 滚筒78. equalizing yoke 刹带的平衡杠79. eye plates 吊环80. fast line 快绳81. hole opener扩眼器82. hook 大钩83. hydraulic catwork 液压猫头84. line reeving 滑车装绳数85. monkey board 猴台86. mouse hole 小鼠洞87. ramp 坡道88. rat hole 大鼠洞89. rig floor 钻台90. rotary hose 水龙带91. rotary table 转盘92. setback 立根盒93. steel wire 钢丝绳94. story 库房95. tong bucket 大钳平衡器96. top driver 顶驱97. traveling block 游车98. admission pipe 进气管99. blow line 扫线管线100. choke line manifold 阻流管汇一、专业词汇汉译英：1 导管conductor 2 灌泥浆管线fill up line 3 高/低压管线high/low pressure line 4 压井管线kill line 5 泥浆管线mud line 6 放压管线relief line 7 立管管汇stand pipe manifold 8 球阀ball valve 9 节流阀chock valve 10 浮阀float valve 11 旋塞阀plug cock valve 12 调节阀regulator valve 13 消防泵fire pump 14 混合泵mixing pump 15 计量泵mud supply pump 16 桥塞bridge plug 17 水泥塞cement plug 18 钻头bit19 钻头水眼bit nozzles 20 母扣box 21 公扣pin 22 牙轮cone 23 变扣接头crossover sub/joint 24 钻铤drill collar25 钻杆drill pipe 26 钻柱drill stem 27 加重钻杆heavy weight drill pipe 28 震击器jar 29 单根joint 30 非磁钻铤non-magnetic drilling collar 31 短钻铤pony drill collar 32 短钻杆pup joint 33 减震器shock absorber 34 扶正器stabilizer 35 立柱stand 36 三牙轮钻头three-cone bit 37 井眼well bore 38 造斜器whip stock 39 考克cock 40 通径规drift mandrel 41 吊卡elevator 42 提丝lifting plug 43 提升短节lifting sub 44 旋扣钳 pipe spinner 45 刮泥器pipe wiper 46 滑轮pulley 47 倒档齿轮reverse gear 48 大钳rig tong 49 钢圈ring gasket 50 安全卡瓦safety slips51 卡环shackle 52 吊索sling 53 护丝thread protector 54 大钳牙板tong dies 55 石油p petroleum / oil 56 丝扣油thread dope 57 温度计thermometer 58 指重表weight indicator 59 井位location 60 缆绳mooring rope 61 超载overload 62 晕船sea sick 63 拖轮tug 64 套管接箍casing coupling 65 刮管器 casing scraper 66 套管鞋casing shoe 67 浮箍float collar 68 中间(技术)套管intermediate casing 69 挤水泥squeeze cement 70 打捞fishing 71 打捞公锥fishing nipple 72 打捞母锥fishing socket 73 打捞矛fishing spear 74 反循环打捞篮reverse circulation junk basket 75 卡瓦打捞筒slip socket 76 倒扣，卸扣back off 77 卸开break out 78 定向钻井directional drilling 79 地层测试formation test 80 压井kill the well 81 扣吊卡latch the elevator 82 卸扣break out 83 上扣make up 84 试压pressure test 85 侧钻side tracking 86 滑大绳slip drilling line 87 开钻spud in 88 卡钻stick 89 造扣thread making 90 井控 well control 91 通井wipe trip 92 甲板deck 93 柴油机diesel engine 94 出口outlet 95 进口 inlet96 电话telephone 97 变压器transformer 98 救生衣life jacket 99 救生艇lifeboat 100 灭火器extinguisher 二、阅读理解：(true or false)（一）one thing is certain: a substantial reduction in irans energy output would have a significant impact on global oil prices. iran is the fourth-largest oil exporter in the world, behind only saudi arabia, russia, and norway. it sells more than 2.5 million barrels a day and is believed to have about 10 percent of the worlds proven reserves. many analysts say a supply cut could combine with other market pressures to quickly drive prices up to $80 to $100 a barrel. is either side bluffing? irans threat to pull oil off the market is not an empty one, irans leaders, who want to visibly assert their defiance of the west, need domestic support for the regime, and divides international opinion, have only the countrys energy exports with which to influence the outcome of the diplomatic conflict. of course, were iran to completely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy. in addition, a total shutdown would harm many of irans friends, though it would also increase oil income for those who are net exporters of oil, such as russia and other opec members. but there are a number of incremental steps iran can take that would rattle those who depend on affordable energy without sinking its own economy. if iran cut 200,000 to 300,000 barrels a day, oil markets would react not only to the fall in supply but also to fears of what tehran might do next. 1. irans leaders need domestic support for the regime and divide international opinion. (t )2. russia is believed to have about 10 percent of the worlds proven reserves.（ f ）3. if iran cut 200,000 to 300,000 barrels a day, oil markets would react not only to the rise in supply but also to fears of what tehran might do next. ( t )4. a substantial reduction in irans energy output would have a significant impact on global oil prices. ( t )（二） with exploration, drilling, and completion costs, the well represents a substantial investment, and the produced oil or gas is a continuous source of revenue. to abandon the well would mean that the investment is insolvent and the well is not producing revenue, this is not a desirable situation. consequently, in most companies a concerted effort id made to maintain the well on production as long as it has the potential for producing oil or gas. before repairing a well, there is no guarantee that the well will produce after the work is performeda risk involved on workovers. to minimize the inherent risk of well repairs, the intelligent diagnosis if what is wrong with the well, coupled with a sound repair plane is essential. 1.the investment in the oil is tremendous, including exploration, drilling, completion. (t)2.to abandon the well is the last choice if necessary. (t)3.so long as the well is maintained, the oil well continues production. (f)4.even though the oil or gas can flow into the casing after it is perforated,usually,the well is not produced through the casing. (t) （三）the main function of a rotary rig is to drill a hole, or as it is known in the industry, to make hole. making hole with a rotary rig requires not only qualified personnel, but a lot of equipment as well. in order to learn about the components that it takes to make hole, it is convenient to divide them into four main systems: power, hoisting, rotating, and circulating. various components comprise the last three systems, but all require power to make them work.1.the main function of the rotary rig is to drill or make the hole.(t)2.making hole with rotary rig requires the qualified personal , not needing so much equipment.(f)3.the components of rig to make hole is divided into four systems. (t)4.of the four systems, power is very crucial to the other three, for they all require power to operate. (t)(四)a rig, depending on its size and how deep a hole it must drill, may have from two to four engines. naturally, the bigger the rig, the deeper it can drill and the more power it will need. thus, the big rigs have three or four engines, all of them together developing up to 3000 or more horsepower. of course, once all the horsepower is develop, it must be sent, or transmitted, to the components to be put to work. two common methods are used to transfer the power electrical and mechanical.1、the number of the engines depends on the rigs size and depth of the hole to be drilled. (t)2、there is only one method to transfer the power. (f)3、the needed power has nothing to do with the size of the rig. (f)4、the power of the big rig , with three or four engines, can amount to 3000 or more horsepower. (t)（五）diamond bits function the same as drag bits, particularly in the fact that both weight and rotary speed are directly related to drilling speed. the diamonds must be kept clean and cool, this hydraulic effort is just as important for diamond bit performance as when using roller bits. under some condition diamond bits can drill almost as fast as roller types. they will often stay in good condition times longer, thus hole cost foot will be less notwithstanding the higher price of the diamond bit. analysis of performance using total cost per foot is important regardless of the type of bits employed.1、drilling speed has direct impact on the weight of the bits and the rotary speed.（t） 2、diamond bits can function the same with roller bits under any condition. （f）3、this is no specific requirement for the kept condition of the diamond bits. （f）4、only for the diamond bits, the analysis of performance using total cost foot is important.（f） (六)drilling fluid - mud - is usually a mixture of water, clay, weighting material, and a few chemicals. sometimes oil may be used instead of water, or a little oil is added to the water to fice the mud certain desirable properties. drilling mud serves several very important functions. mud is used to raise the cuttings made by the bit and lift them to the surface for disposal. but equally important, mud also provides a means for keeping underground pressures in check. since a hole full of drilling mud exerts pressure (just as a swimming pool full of water exerts pressure, which is why a persons ears sometimes hurt when he dives to the bottom in the deep end of a pool), the mud pressure can be used to contain pressure in a formation. the heavier or denser the mud is, the more pressure it exerts. weighting materials - barite is the most popular - are added to the mud to make it exert as much pressure as needed to contain formation pressures. clay is added to the mud so that it can keep the bit cuttings in suspension as they move up the hole. the clay also sheaths the wall of the hole. this thin veneer of clay called wall cake makes the hole stable so it will not cave in or slough (pronounced sluff). numerous chemicals are available to give the mud the exact properties it needs to make it as easy as possible to drill the hole.(1) drilling fluid is the mixture of water and clay. （f）(2) the main functions of mud are to lift the cutting to the surface and check the underground pressure. （t）(3) weighting material is added to mud to set off the pressure in formation. （t）(4) water is the only media of the mud . （f）(七)the drilling fluid that course through the system also provides the first line of defense against blowouts. a blowout can be an impressive sight. gas, oil, or salt water spews into the air with a tremendous roar. if gas is present, the whole thing will probably be on fire, and the rig will lie as a melted, twisted mass of junk. human lives are threatened; pollution may occur; precious oil or gas are wasted; and a rig worth many thousands or even millions oil or dollars may be a total loss. obviously, it is very desirable not to allow blowouts, and, in fact, not many occur. but, because a blowout is often a spectacular show and human lives are sometimes lost, a blowout often becomes a media event. unfortunately, the impression may linger that blowouts are not the rarity they actually are. in reality, rig crews go to great lengths to see that the well they are drilling remains under control and dose not get away from them.(1) the rig crew should keep his eye on the well to make it under control. （t）(2) the blowout will get the public attention, for it will exert great impact on the society. （t）(3) the drilling fluid has the defective function against the blowouts. （t） (4) though there is the risk of blow out, people can do little to make up for it. （f）(八)the recovery operation of stuck pipe, packers, and loose equipment in a well is generally termed “fishing”. a “fish” is part of a string or any other sizable piece of metal that might be loose in a well. small pieces, such as a bit cone, a wrench, or any other relatively small, non-drillable item, are called junk. in any case, whenever there is junk or a fish in the hole, it must be removed or fished out so that drilling operations can continue.the trouble might be caused by mechanical failure, corrosion, or abrasion. any mechanical equipment run into a well, operated under heavy stress, may fail sooner or later despite care of manufacture, handling, and installation. the tools and techniques for fishing have been modified and improved as the drilling and well service industries have developed. the fishing tool trade today utilizes highly skilled personnel, sophisticated tools, and optional methods. fishing for equipment lost in a well is an engineering techniques that requires knowledge of the various procedures and mechanical stresses that can be applied without resulting tool failure and further complications. almost every fishing job presents special problems that require careful analysis and exercise of good judgment at each step in the procedure. it is absolutely necessary for a fishing tool operator to have full working knowledge of his tools and related devices. there is no substitute for experience in this work.before a fishing job can begin, the string must be tripped out of the hole. first, the kelly is broken out and is set in the rat-hole. then the string is broken out in stands and stands are stood back on the rig floor. when all of the stands are stood back, the fishing can begin. the tool-pusher usually takes charges of the fishing operation.(1) a “fish” may be part of a string of pipe or any other sizable piece of metal. （t）(2) the term “junk” usually means bit cone. （f）(3) the fish trouble is usually caused by mechanical failure only. （f）(4) while tools and techniques for drilling have been advanced considerably, the tools and techniques for fishing have also been modified a lot.（t）（九）there are many types of fishing tools. for example, there is a type of fishing tool called a “junk basket,” and there is another type called a “spear.” these fishing tools are very different. the spear is used for recovering lost casing. the spear enters the bore of the lost pipe, therefore, the diameter of the spear must be smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe in the hole. its teeth push out and grip the inner sides of the pipe tightly when the spear enters the pipe. then it is usually possible to hoist the fish out of the borehole.the junk basket is used for latching on to smaller pieces of junk. its used for recovering lost bit cutters. the bottom part of the basket is a shoe with hard teeth. the shoe has a hole in its center. the fish is forced through the hole and enters the barrel of the basket. spring fingers take the fish and avoid it dropping out of the barrel and falling back into the well.other fishing tools include powerful magnets and baskets through which mud can be circulated, both of which are useful for retrieving junk from the hole.(1) the fishing tools, such as the junk basket and the spear, are interchangeable. （f）(2) the working of the spear is to make the spear enter the bore of the lost pipe, its teeth gripping the inner sides of the pipe tightly then hoisting the fish out of the borehole. （t）(3) the fishing basket also has very strong teeth for holding the fish. （t）(4)there are only two types of fishing tools：junk basket and spear. （f）（十）the basic principles behind oil well drilling are the same whether the well will be drilled from a location on land, a fixed offshore platform or a floating marine vessel.there are, however, considerable detailed differences between the various types of wells. this is particularly so when drilling takes place from a floating vessel where the movement of the vessel due to wave and wind action must be compensated for. additionally, in floating marine operations the hazards are much greater than a land or fixed platform. much of the well control mechanisms must be located on the sea bed and remotely controlled o