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手机外壳注塑模具设计及型腔仿真加工【三维Proe】[26张CAD图纸+文档]

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目录

1 前言 1

1.1 课题意义 1

1.2 国内外发展现状 1

1.3 设计前提及主要问题 2

1.4 解决的主要问题和总体设计思路 3

1.5 预期成果和实际价值 3

2 总体方案论证 4

3 具体设计说明 5

3.1 塑件测绘 5

3.2 塑件三维实体造型 5

3.3 材料的选择 6

3.3.1制品材料 6

3.3.2模具材料的选择 6

3.4 注塑机的校核 7

3.4.1注塑设备的确定 7

3.4.2注塑机有关工艺参数的校核 7

3.5 分型面的设计 9

3.6 浇注系统设计 10

3.6.1浇注系统的设计原则 10

3.6.2主流道的设计 10

3.6.3分流道及其平衡布置 11

3.6.4浇口的设计 11

3.6.5冷料穴的设计 12

3.7 冷却系统的设计 12

3.7.1 在设计冷却系统时,应从多方面考虑: 13

3.7.2冷却计算 13

3.7.3冷却水道在定模中的位置 13

3.8 顶出系统的设计 14

3.8.1推出机构设计 14

3.8.2顶出行程 15

3.8.3复位杆 15

3.8.4顶杆的形状与尺寸选择 15

3.8.5导向装置位置的布置 15

3.8.6浇注系统零件设计 16

3.9侧向分型与抽芯机构的设计 16

3.9.1侧向抽芯机构设计应注意如下要点: 16

3.9.2抽芯距、抽拔力与斜导柱的计算 17

3.9.3斜导柱的设计 17

3.9.4滑块的设计 17

3.10 模架设计 18

3.11 凸凹模的造型 19

3.12 型腔加工工艺分析及加工仿真 22

3.12.1零件的工艺性审查 22

3.12.2毛坯选择 22

3.12.3基准选择 22

3.12.4拟定加工方案 22

3.12.5型腔数控仿真加工 22

4 结论 25

参考文献 26

致   谢 27

附录 28



   摘  要 :本课题是关于手机外壳模具的设计,主要是手机外壳注射成型模的结构设计和模具加工制造。手机的形状较为复杂,所以模具设计中要考虑的因素有很多,除考虑它的出模、分型面,还需考虑它成型的质量,表面光洁度等。所以我们设计应认真分析塑料制品的结构,寻求最佳的设计方案并选择成型设备的规格和型号。分型面的选择很重要,制件不是平直表面,分型面的选择既要考虑不影响制件表面的美观,又要达到结构要求。浇注系统的设计也很重要,在此次设计中我选点浇口,并设有冷料穴。拉料杆采用Z形,这就解决了制品出模的问题。编制塑件的模型成型工艺,并进一步对该注射模结构进行设计,编制该注射模主要零件的加工工艺,最后进行型腔仿真加工。

   结构设计包括分型面、型腔布置、浇注系统、排气系统、加热冷却系统、侧向抽芯机构、顶出机构、脱模机构以及主要零部件的设计。模具加工制造运用PRO/E进行三维造型设计并对注塑模模具进行装配,对手机外壳注塑模具定模板型腔的加工工艺进行了分析,并利用Mastercam软件进行了仿真加工,其切削过程直观,切削参数得以体现,不合理的参数可以改进,能最大限度地降低能源和材料消耗,提高加工效率。此注射模设计的结构特点是点浇口形式的双分型面的注射模,是侧向抽芯。经生产验证,该模具结构设计巧妙、操作方面、使用寿命长、塑件达到技术要求。

关键词:模具设计:注塑模具;仿真加工;分型面


   

       The design of the mobile shell mould And 

the simulation processing of the mold cavity

   Abstract: This topic is to design the mobile shell mold, which includes the structure design mould assist designing for manufacturing, and the working process of the injection mould of the front cover of the mobile shell set were introduced. Mobile shape so complicated that the mold design has a lot of factors to be considered , in addition to its ejector pin, parting surface, it needs to consider forming the quality of surface finish, and so on. Therefore, we should carefully design the structure of plastic products, find the best design options and choose the molding equipment specifications and models. It is very important, not the straight parts surface, parting surface of choice it is necessary to consider not affect parts of the surface appearance, but also to structural requirements. Pouring system design is also important in the design of the election, pin gate cold-slag well and Z-shape pin were chosen which are solved the problem of products to die. Plastic Parts of the Process model, and further injection structure of the design, preparation of the main components of the injection-processing technology, a cavity simulation final processing. 

  The structure design involve parting plane, cavity layout, old systems, heating cooling systems, the side core pulling mechanism structure, prop up the organization, drawing patterns and the design process of the main work pieces. The later use PRO/E to construct carries on the three dimensional modeling and to assemble the injection mould. The  processing craft of the cavity of fixed plate of the base of the mobile shell are analyzed, and the simulation process are carry out with the software of Mastercam,which can observe the geometric figure of the process of cutting very visually, the machine parameters users setting have been fully reflected to improve the unreasonable parameters, to minimize consumption of energy and materials and to improve processing efficiency. The structure characteristic of this injection mould was a two-parting surface , and was a side core pulling mechanism. The mould was proved to be a clever design by production practice , the mould could be operated easily , the service life of the mould was long  and the plastics parts produced by the mould could meet the technical requirement.

Key words: mold design; injection mould; processing simulation; parting plane; 



1 前言

1.1 课题意义

   模具是工业生产的重要工艺设备,它被用来成型具有一定形状和尺寸的各种制品。在各种材料加工工业中广泛地使用各种模具,每种材料成型模具按成型方法不同又分为若干种类型。其中塑料模具的发展是随着塑料工业的发展而发展的。近年来,人们对各种设备和用品轻量化要求越来越高,这就为塑料制品提供了更为广阔的市场。塑料制品要发展,必然要求塑料模具随之发展。模具作为发展新产品的重要装备,不仅市场需要量大,而且技术含量高。对于模具的精度、寿命、交货期等要求也非常务实,模具行业的竞争也非常激烈。本专业是机械设计制造及其自动化,对制品的模具设计使得我们把以前所学的相关知识都运用到其中了,对模具设计手册、机械设计手册、模具制造工艺、中国模具工程大典的查找使得我对设计有了更进一步的认识和了解,能熟练运用PRP/E软件进行制品的造型和模具的装配,还有Mastercam型腔的仿真加工都得到了掌握。

1.2 国内外发展现状

近年来,中国塑料模具制造水平已有较大提高。大型塑料模具已能生产单套重量达到50t以上的注塑模,精密塑料模具的精度已达到2μm,制件精度很高的小模数齿轮模具及达到高光学要求的车灯模具等也已能生产,多腔塑料模具已能生产一模7800腔的塑封模,高速模具方面已能生产挤出速度达6m/min以上的高速塑料异型材挤出模具及主型材双腔共挤、双色共挤、软硬共挤、后共挤、再生料共挤出。

   在生产手段上,模具企业设备数控化率已有较大提高,CAD/CAE/CAM技术的应用面已大为扩展,高速加工及RP/RT等先进技术的采用已越来越多,模具标准件使用覆盖率及模具商品化率都有较大幅度的提高,热流道模具的比例也有较大提高。另外,三资企业的蓬勃发展进一步促进了塑料模具设计制造水平及企业管理水平的提高,有些企业已实现信息化管理和全数字化无图制造。 

   在制造技术方面,CAD/CAM/CAE技术的应用水平上了一个新台阶,实现了CAD/CAM的集成,并能支持CAE技术对成型过程,如充模和冷却等进行计算机模拟,取得了一定的技术经济效益,促进和推动了我国模具CAD/CAM技术的发展。近年来,我国自主开发的塑料模CAD/CAM系统有了很大发展,主要有北航华正软件工程研究所开发的CAXA系统、华中理工大学开发的注塑模HSC5.0系统及CAE软件等,这些软件具有适应国内模具的具体情况、能在微机上应用且价格低等特点,为进一步普及模具CAD/CAM技术创造了良好条件。

   模具市场的总体趋势是平稳向上的,在未来的模具市场中,塑料模具发展速度将高于其它模具,在模具行业中的比例将逐步提高。随着塑料工业的不断发展,对塑料模具提出越来越高的要求是正常的,因此,精密、大型、复杂、长寿命塑料模具的发展将高于总量发展速度。

     

   国外近年来发展的速度也比较快,在高速铣削加工方面,机床主轴转速可达40000r/min -100000r/min,快速进给速度可达到30m/min-40m/min,加速度可达19,换刀时间可提高到1s~2s。这样就大幅度提高了加工效率,并可获得Ra≤0.08μm的加工表面粗糙度。另外,还可加工硬度达60HRC 的模块,形成了对电火花成形加工的挑战。高速切削加工与传统切削加工相比还具有温升低(加工工件只升高3℃)、热变形小等优点。目前它已向更高的敏捷化、智能化、集成化方向发展。高速铣削必须与相应的软件、加工工艺、刀具及其夹紧头相配合。

   国外在模具生产中,计算机辅助设计与辅助制造(CAD/CAM)技术已得到十分成功的应用。三维造型和型腔的数控加工都是由计算机辅助软件完成的,它大幅度的缩短了模具的生产周期,提高工作效率。

   德、美、日、法、意等工业发达国家在模具设计制造领域仍处于国际领先水平,他们的一些先进的模具方面的技术被许多发展中国家,甚至是其它发达国家学习采用。亚洲以日本和韩国模具技术水平最高,其它国家与之还有较大的差距,不过他们也正在以惊人的速度发展着,国家之间的交流会使之发展更快。

1.3 设计前提及主要问题

   本课题为手机外壳注塑模具设计及型腔仿真加工,结合生产实际,进行手机前盖制品测绘、模具设计、工艺分析及数控编程及加工仿真。设计原始数据: 1)制品的尺寸精度要求:长度方向小于0.50,厚度方向小于0.10;2)制品材料:ABS;3)制品表面粗糙度:不低于实物表面;4)制品生产批量:5万;5)制品其他要求:符合设计规范。

   运用三维绘图软件Pro/E进行制品的模型构造。PRO/E是一个高效的三维机械设计工具,可绘制任意复杂形状的零件。本设计中主要是用PRO/E生成平面。其方法有:拉伸、旋转、镜像等。它既能作为高性能系统独立使用,又能与其它实体建模模块结合起来使用,它支持GB、ANSI、ISO和JIS等标准。它的功能很强大,可以应用与工业设计、机械设计、功能仿真、制造和数据管理等领域,涉及从设计到生产的全过程。


内容简介:
Sener, B. and Wormald, P. (2001) “The Future of Computer Use in Product Design” Proceedings of CADE 2001 - Computers in Art and Design Education: “Digital Creativity Crossing the Border“, p.358-363, 9-12 April 2001, Glasgow, Scotland ISBN 0 901904 82 1 CADE 2001 Digital Creativity: Crossing the Border 358 The Future of Computer Use in Product Design Bahar Sener Paul Wormald Department of Design and Technology Loughborough University, England B.Senerlboro.ac.uk Abstract: This paper discusses research carried out as part of an ongoing PhD project into the use of CAD by industrial designers. The early research has been based on literature searching and face-to- face interviews carried out with postgraduate design students and practising design professionals. The aims of the interviews were; to investigate issues surrounding creativity and computer aided design (CAD); to explore the capability of current CAD systems for supporting design activity; and to identify user expectations in the near future. A significant outcome of this early part of the study is the identification of industrial designers future expectations for CAD systems that would give relevant technological and practical directions in the field of computer support for industrial design. 1. Introduction The development of CAD systems has undergone rapid development in the last twenty years. A major transformation in the media used by industrial designers to assist them in carrying out the design process has been witnessed with the use of computer. The first use of computer drawing techniques, as a simple computer-aided drawing board, was in the 1960s, and it was only in the 1980s that the working practices of designers in many industries was gradually transformed.1, 2 Since the introduction of computers into the field of design, the CAD industry has also come a long way with continuous improvements to the user interface. When computers were first used for industrial design, designers tended to use software originally intended for engineering.3, 4 Although there is an overlap between these disciplines, there are also significant differences in their expectations. For example, for the balance of their work engineers are more likely to use a CAD system to help them rapidly develop and document very precise definition of objects5 whereas industrial designers rely on experimenting with different views of the object,3 and to build and visualise free forms and organic shapes. Until the late 1980s CAD, in the industrial design context, effectively meant the computerisation of technical drawing.6 In parallel to the development of CAD systems, in order to answer industrial designers particular needs, Computer Aided Industrial Design (CAID) software was developed. The CAD industry has grown and changed in terms of the computer hardware utilised, the software technology employed and the impact of CAD on design and manufacturing organisations. Towards the end of the 1980s CAID packages that would enable the whole design process to be computerised, such as Alias, 3 were introduced to the market. Today, the effects of computer-based technological advances are widespread and that they have brought computers into design studios with an ever-increasing role in design activities. CAD is now 1 Black, I. (1990). Design Methodologies in a New Generation of CAD. CAD/CAM 1990 Conference Proceedings. 27-29 March 1990, Nec Birmingham, The Strathclyde Institute. pp. 402-412. 2 Jones, Tim (1997) New Product Development, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. 3 McCullagh, K. (1996) 3D computer modelling in Industrial design. Co-Design Journal. 07.08.09(1996):28-35. 4 Hirschtick, J. (2000) The Future of CAD. MCAD-Productive Solutions for mechanical Engineers and Designers. 20(03):2. 5 Loosschilder, G. (1997) A picture tells a thousand words. The Design Journal. 0(1)41-57. 6 Cardaci, Kitty (1992) CAID: A Tool for the Flexible Organisation, Design Management Journal (Reprint), 3(2). Sener, B. and Wormald, P. (2001) “The Future of Computer Use in Product Design” Proceedings of CADE 2001 - Computers in Art and Design Education: “Digital Creativity Crossing the Border“, p.358-363, 9-12 April 2001, Glasgow, Scotland ISBN 0 901904 82 1 CADE 2001 Digital Creativity: Crossing the Border 359 applied through the various aspects of the design and manufacturing processes.7 Industrial design companies and manufacturing companies are designing and evaluating their products using several CAD tools. Nevertheless, the range of tools that can be used by industrial designers in all stages of design, from original idea to final product, is still limited. This is because of the current suite of CAD tools is relatively new and has been designed for either high profit margin based markets such as computer animation or large markets such as mechanical engineering.3, 8 When investigating the evolution of CAID tools, one of the main issues concerns recognising the industrial designers needs and the nature of their work before integrating CAD into the design process. This research aims to add to the debate through the findings of a PhD research programme. The main goal of the research is to achieve relevant technological and practical directions in the field of computer support for industrial design. 2. Literature review This section introduces the findings of the literature review undertaken as part of the study. Early research for the study has focused on searching literature in the area the use of computers in the process of the design of mass manufactured products. As computer technology has been changing very quickly the literature review is limited to the last two decades in order to find out state-of-the-art. The main sources of recent information were journal articles plus documents collected from the Internet and exhibitions visited. The literature review resulted in a number of repeated issues. These issues can be sorted into broader themes as follows: - creativity with computers, - data compatibility with other software and hardware, - communication and teamworking, - cost issues. 2.1 Creativity with computers Creativity is frequently considered to be the most important aspect in design. However, designers can never be completely independent of their tools, and the use of CAD has a number of implications for the products concerned.7 The research is looking at the creative use of CAD tools at the stage of product modelling rather than looking at creativity. In this context, creativity is the connected with series of activities that designers do in order to produce the most interesting and pleasant concepts for new products. It is concerned with the issues that allow designers; to experiment freely with such features as colour, surface finish, overall dimensions, product graphics,3 to generate forms very quickly, to keep records and so on, without fear of loosing the original concept. Recent CAD software gives designers the previously unavailable ability to deal with complex surfaces thereby, potentially, allowing them the opportunity to become more creative in their design.2 This potential of CAD is not an attribute of the system alone; it requires both a significant level of user skill and a number of design parameters to be in place before its significant use as a creative tool in the design process.9 Nevertheless, today, manufacturing industry is aware of several CAD systems that aim to provide a support role in the early stages of design, such as Alias Studio Tools.10 7 Zeitoun, Jean (1993) “CAD and the conception of objects.” In Jocelyn de Noblet, eds. Industrial Design reflection of a century. Paris, pp 373-380. 8 De S, A.G. and Rix, J. (2000) “Virtual prototyping: The Integration of Design and Virtual Reality.” In P. Brunet, C. Hoffmann and D. Roller eds. CAD Tools and Algorithms for Product Design. Berlin, London: Springer. 9 Warburton, N. (1996) A Heuristic Model for Digitally Integrated Design. Co-Design Journal. 07.08.09(1996):24-27. 10 Alias Studio Tools (2000) Accessed via WWW http:/ (23 September 2000). Sener, B. and Wormald, P. (2001) “The Future of Computer Use in Product Design” Proceedings of CADE 2001 - Computers in Art and Design Education: “Digital Creativity Crossing the Border“, p.358-363, 9-12 April 2001, Glasgow, Scotland ISBN 0 901904 82 1 CADE 2001 Digital Creativity: Crossing the Border 360 2.2 Data compatibility with other software and hardware There is a large number of CAD applications which store and use data, such as product geometry, and material attributes of the CAD model, in different ways. A high proportion of companies operate some sort of CAD system, such as AutoDesks AutoCAD or IBMs CATIA, running on different platforms ranging from PC and Apple Macintosh to Silicon Graphics and Hewlett-Packard UNIX workstations.2 However, most CAD packages from different vendors do not communicate with each other and model data cannot be shared directly.3 Today, in order to support different phases of the new product development process a wide variety of CAD software has been developed and introduced to the market. Consequently, the current data exchange formats are not able to serve all this variety of software and the data exchange problem still exists. 2.3 Communication and team working Industrial designers increasingly work in multidisciplinary teams which often consist of people inside their workplace and sometimes people contributing to projects from outside. When the teams goals are to maximise product quality and minimise development time and costs, 3 the need for high quality and efficient communication becomes essential. When the different segments of the design team, which can be located in different places, need to work on different parts of the same project, effective software enabling appropriate communication becomes essential. Although accesses to the Internet and video conferencing technology already assist designers to communicate design data in different continents, improvements can always be made. 2.4 Cost issues Although CAD systems have become much more cost effective then before,11 most of them are still regarded as high-priced to buy and upgrade, especially by the design divisions of small companies. The literature review has resulted in some preliminary conclusions and given an overview of the issues involved in the integration of computers in design. However, it was decided that more recent data about the current issues needed to be gathered by talking to the CAD users who take part in product development. Consequently, it was planned to arrange face-to-face interviews with these people. 3. Interviews and questionnaire with designers After the review of previous literature it was decided to talk to current CAD users in order to gather more up-to-date and focused information about their needs. A series of research questions was drawn up in order to provide direction to the brief. These questions concerned the strengths and weaknesses of the computer hardware and software as experienced by users, the expectations of those users on the topics of functionality and input/output options, and the identification of user expectations over the next five years. A questionnaire was designed to answer these questions. Face-to-face interviews with eight practising professional designers were carried out, as well as nineteen interviews with postgraduate design students. The aims of the interviews were to investigate creativity and the use of CAD; to explore the capability of current CAD systems to support design activity; and to identify user expectations in the near future. The interviews were conducted over four months with professional designers from multinational design companies plus ergonomists, engineers and designers. The postgraduate design students were all from Coventry University. Since the interviewees were chosen from different professionals involved in the design process they were using a variety of software applications in different phases of the design process. However, the majority of postgraduate design students were using Wavefront software from Alias. 11 Woolner, M., Adams, B. and Polletti, H. (1996) Computer technology in designer maker practices. Co-Design Journal. 07.08.09(1996):10-14. Sener, B. and Wormald, P. (2001) “The Future of Computer Use in Product Design” Proceedings of CADE 2001 - Computers in Art and Design Education: “Digital Creativity Crossing the Border“, p.358-363, 9-12 April 2001, Glasgow, Scotland ISBN 0 901904 82 1 CADE 2001 Digital Creativity: Crossing the Border 361 The interview questionnaire is not included in this paper due to the insufficient space. It was structured under four main sections: (1) Personal and company details, (2) The design process, (3) Computers, and (4) Future expectations, each with relevant questions reflecting the main themes of the investigation. Since the questionnaire was designed for practising designers some modifications were made after piloting, in order to make the questions more relevant to the student interviewees. Otherwise, the questionnaire was same for all participants. In this study qualitative research methods were selected in order to generate data rich in detail and embedded in a research context. The qualitative data was obtained by tape recordings during the interviews, and they were then evaluated. A number of repeated issues emerged, and these were sorted into broader themes. 4. Discussion The basis of this discussion is formed by the major points which arose from the interviews. From the findings of the interviews, the main issues can be categorised as; problems with computer graphical interface and usability, problems with data input devices, data compatibility with other software and hardware, and cost. Since data compatibility and cost issues are common results with the literature review, only problems with computer graphical interface and usability, and data input devices are discussed. Although the interview findings mostly reflect the postgraduate students attitudes towards the future use of CAD tools in industrial design, the questionnaire provided interesting answers that would help identify the extent of future expectations for CAD systems that industrial designers have. The research showed that the current spectrum of computer-modelling systems does not provide sufficient support for creativity. The results from the questionnaire have been used to generate the following wish list. 1. Computer graphical interface and usability; The major issue was how complicated software is to learn and use. Software should be: - easy to find what tool to use for which purpose, - easy to locate the tool, - easy to create complex shapes, - easy to remember which level of modelling is being used. It is important to consider the user-interaction dimensions of computer software. When working on a CAD system, the user should be able to concentrate on the creative design aspects of a CAD task instead of paying attention to the interaction with the computer. Incorrect and complex user interfaces may result in the misuse of the software, undermine customer understanding and acceptance, and increase the learning period. Even though some CAD systems have been promoted as easy-to-use with improved interfaces, the majority of interviewees (19 out of 28) had problems with interface and usability. They would like to have less complicated CAD software that they can learn in a much shorter time without having difficulty getting familiar with the interface. 2. Data input (devices); The major issue was how to produce life-like model. Life-like modelling can be achieved by: - shaping the object by hand, - interaction with the model - sculpting the model, - touching / feeling / holding the model, - moving around the model. It was noted that nearly all interviewees imagine a CAD system which enables them to shape the object by hand, interact with the model by touching, feeling and holding it as in real life. With the advent of recent simulation technology input and the output devices have attained a rich variety. In simulation technology, mainly known as Virtual Reality (VR), an artificial environment is created with computer hardware and software, and presented to the user in such a way that it appears and feels like a real environment in real time. Some new systems, named haptic systems, have been recently introduced in Sener, B. and Wormald, P. (2001) “The Future of Computer Use in Product Design” Proceedings of CADE 2001 - Computers in Art and Design Education: “Digital Creativity Crossing the Border“, p.358-363, 9-12 April 2001, Glasgow, Scotland ISBN 0 901904 82 1 CADE 2001 Digital Creativity: Crossing the Border 362 order to join visual interaction together with the simulation of physical interaction.12 Nevertheless, these tools have not yet been significantly introduced as a 3D modelling tool in industrial design. 5. Conclusions and future research From the preliminary results of this research it is possible that the scope of future research lies in new data input devices and/or systems, and 3D computer graphical interfaces. Having established what the future needs of current computer users in design are, research will focus on more precise and life-like 3D modelling with computer. Proposals for software, graphical interface or new input devices are possible results from future research. Issues which influence future research can be summarised below. The outcome of the literature review indicated that current manufacturing industry trends show demand for reducing the development costs and time while at the same time improving innovation, product quality and reacting quickly to new customers needs. 8 This means that a modern product development process needs to adapt itself to rapidly changing requirements. This would be achieved by integrating new technologies into the early
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