写作教学中“少教多学”方法的探究 中英文对照.doc

关于写作教学中“少教多学”方法的探究中英文对照teach less learn more about writing teaching methods to explore contrast in both chinese and english一位教育学家指出：教学的基本纲领是少教多学。“少教多学”要以学生为中心，发展为中心，生活需要为中心。作文教学多一些自由表达，多一些活动游戏，多一些突破创新。让学生自己去发现、体会、创新，回归自然，回归生活，表达自己的真情实感，置作文训练于生活应用之中。小学语文课文中有许多篇文中有很多佳词绝句，它既陶冶了我们的情操，又为我们的学习提供了典范。因此，在教学中我们要努力把课文教学和作文教学有机结合起来，相互促进、相互渗透，这样不仅使学生的的理解能力、思维能力得到培养，还使写作能力得到更好的训练。an education experts point out that the teaching is the basic platform of teach less learn more. teach less learn more to students as the center, the development as the center, the life needs as the center. thesis teaching more free expression, play more, and more breakthrough innovation. let students themselves to find, experience and innovation, return to nature, return to life, to express their true feelings, composition training in live applications. primary school language lesson in this paper, there are many articles have a lot of beautiful rhyme, the word it edify our sentiment, and provides a model for our study. in teaching, therefore, we should strive to combine the text teaching and composition teaching organic, mutual promotion, mutual penetration, this not only make the understanding ability, thinking ability of students training, also for better writing ability training. 一、学习作者的观察方法，培养经常观察的好习惯one, learning the authors observation method, develop the good habit of often observed 首先，要让学生了解观察是作者认识反映事物的基础，只要全面细致的观察，才能准确生动的描写，譬如在进行火烧云一课的本文由论文联盟http:/www.lwlm.com收集整理教学时，应着力于引导学生置身于作者的角度，去观察“火烧云”下的植物、动物、景物的变化，先感受想象“火烧云”映下的小孩儿红彤彤的脸，老头儿金胡子以及小白猪成了小金猪等，这些逼真的描写都是作者细致观察的结果。同时，在文中还让我们体会到他用变化的眼光所观察的事物。火烧云的颜色形状变化极多，一会红彤彤，一会金灿灿，一会像鸟，一会像狗.真正把“火烧云”写活了，让人感到作者的细致的观察和描写的方法值得我们学习和借鉴。first of all, to let students understand observation is the basis of the author reflects things, as long as the overall meticulous observation, can accurate vivid description, such as a class in the evening glow of the teaching, the paper by paper union http:/www.lwlm.com collects and should focus on guiding students in the authors point of view, to watch evening glow under the change of the plant, animal, scenery, feeling imagine evening glow reflected the first baby red face, the old man gold beard and small white became a little golden pig, etc., all of these lifelike description is the author of detailed observations. at the same time, in the article also let us experience he change the eye to observe things. evening glow color shape changes a lot, red, gold for a while, a moment like a bird, a moment like a dog. really write evening glow lived, let a person feel the authors meticulous observation and description of the method is worth learning and using for reference. 鲁迅先生说过：“不要看了就写，要观察了又观察，研究了再研究，精益求精，哪怕最平凡的事情，也能创造出它的生命力。”所以反复仔细的观察对每一个初学写作的人，显得尤为重要，只有带着学生去课文中亲身感受一下，学生才会真正体会到细致的观察给作文带来的巨大帮助，从而示意、自觉地培养自己经常观察的习惯。lu xun once said: dont write, look at the watch and observe, and study the research again, strives for perfection, even the most mundane things, also can create the vitality of it. so careful observation to each beginning writers repeatedly, is particularly important, only took the student to the text in the experience, students will truly realize meticulous observation to composition of great help, and beckoned, consciously cultivate the habit of themselves frequently observed. 二、认真剖析课文，学习其写作方法second, earnestly analyze the text, studying the writing methods 剖析课文是学生学习其写作方法、深刻领会作者写作意图的重要环节，因而，教师应让学生既知其知，又知其然。anatomy texts that students learn the writing method, understand the important link in the writers intention, therefore, teachers should let students know it already, and learning. 1.确定中心选择材料1. determine the center choose materials 不管是什么文章，都表达作者的意志、愿望和要求，表达了作者的爱、憎、好、恶。这就是文章的始终，因此，对文章中心的确立十分重要，与此同时，还可严格选材提供依据。no matter what, all express the authors will, desire and requirements, expressed the authors love and hate, good and evil. this is article always, therefore, it is very important to establish to the center of the article, at the same time, can also be strict selection provides the basis. 在学习古井一文时，让学生理解作者先确定了古井对人们无私的奉献，而对人们无所求的中心话，再围绕这个中心选择古井的位置，古井对人们的贡献及村里人学习古井精神，帮助孤寡老人等典型，真实的材料来进行编写，从而使中心更加突出，论证更加透彻，同时，结合本单元的作文要求，对学生进行训练，启发学生自己命题，确定中心选择材料，如：写一个你尊敬的人等。while studying the ancient , let students understand the author determined the first ones to people and selfless dedication, and to the center of the people no more words, then choose the location of the ancient around this center, ancients contribution to the people and the villagers to learn ancient spirit, help older singletons are typical, real materials to write, so that the center is more prominent, prove more thoroughly, at the same time, combining with the composition requirements of this unit, undertake to the student training, inspire the student own proposition, to determine the center choose materials, such as: write a of the person you respect and so on. 2.理清思路 安排结构2. gain clarity arrangement structure “思路”是文章的脉络和主线，“结构”是作者思路的文字反映，它表明了作者的反映以客观事物的条路性和规律性，观潮一文，作者就是按钱塘江大潮自古就是天下奇观，和潮来前、潮来后的线索描写的，教师要引导学生抓住这一线索，理清思路，明白文章结构严谨，层次分明的缘由，从而有效地指导学生进行作文提纲的规定。thinking is the thread of the article and the main line, structure is the text of the author, it shows the authors reflection on road and regularity of objective things, the bore, the author is according to the tide of the qiantang river since ancient times is the world wonders, and before the tide to tide after clues, teachers should guide the student to grasp the clue, clarify ideas, to understand the article structure is rigorous, distinct reasons, so as to effectively guide the student to carry on the outline of the composition rules. 3.处理好段落与段落，句子与句子的关系3. handle the paragraphs and paragraphs, sentences and sentences 每篇文章都是由无数段落构成的，而段落又是无数个句子组成的，在文章中，每一段都有中心，在段落里，所有的句子都是围绕段落中心思路组织起来的，在高大的皂荚树一文中，作者分别以春、夏、秋、冬的皂荚树充分考虑了段落与段落，句子与句子的承上启下的过渡，同时注意了文章的首尾呼应，突出中心-皂荚树那无私的奉献精神。each article is composed of numerous paragraphs, and paragraphs is composed of countless sentence, in the article, each segment has a center, in the passage, all of the sentences are organized around paragraphs center thought in the context of the tall acacia tree, the author respectively in spring, summer, autumn, winter honey locust give full consideration to the paragraphs and paragraphs, sentences and sentences of the transition, which forms a connecting link between the preceding and at the same time pay attention to the echo of the beginning and the end of the article, highlight the center - - - - - honey locust that selfless dedication spirit. 4.注意积累，夯实基础4. pay attention to the accumulation of solid foundation 作文是学生认识水平和语言表达能力的综合体现，俗话说，冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。要写好一篇作文，必须多写、多说、多练、多学。多写就是学习前人的观察方法和写作技巧。多说就是对课文中的优美句子，段落要熟读成诵，同时，还要广泛地学习古诗、歇后语、成语。增强语言的准确性，另外，还要重视对自然知识的学习，使学生不断增长知识，开阔眼界。多练就是要结合本年级本单元的课文和读写重点训练项目来对作文进行指导，可采用口头作文、日记、片段练习等形式，从说好一句话到说好一段话，经过这样一个由浅入深、由易到难、循序渐进的过程，学生的作文水平定会产生一个质的飞跃，写作对他们来说就不再是一件难事了。composition is the student cognition level and integrated embodiment of its language power of expression, as the saying goes, rome was not built in a day. to write a composition, you must write more, speak more, practice more, learn more. writing is learning predecessors observation method and writing skills. much is said about the beautiful sentences in the text, paragraph to read into, at the same time, also widely learning poems, xiehouyu, idioms. enhance the accuracy of the language, in addition, also attaches great importance to the study of natural knowledge, make students growing knowledge, broaden horizons. more practice in this unit is to combine the grade of the text and read and write the key training program to guide to the thesis, the oral composition can be used, practice form of diary, fragments, from say a word to say a word, after such a distinguished, from easy to difficult, step by step process, students composition level will have a qualitative leap, writing will no longer be a difficult task for them. 著名作家秦牧说过：“一个作家起码有三个仓库。”其中一个就是讲的对书本知识的积累，可见，书本知识的积累对作文有极其重要的意义。famous writer qin mu said: a writer at least three warehouse. one of them is on book knowledge accumulation, visible, book knowledge accumulation has extremely important significance to the thesis. 5.贴近生活实际5. close to the real life 生活是写作的源泉，任何文章都是社会生活在头脑作用力的反应，没有生活的积累，是写不出感人的文章的，小学生作文就要练习把自己看到的、听到的、想到的的内容和亲身经历的事情用恰当的语言文字表达出来。因为写真实的生活有助于扎扎实实在丰富的生活中积累，有助于切实有效地打好作文基础，有助于培养学生老老实实做人的品德，著名作家老舍深入大草原，目睹了草原上晴朗的天空，雪白的羊群，收到牧民的热情款待，感受到了一幅欣欣向荣的草原美景。在依依惜别之际，发出了“蒙汉情深何忍别，天涯碧草话斜阳”的感叹，读来使人感到亲切，犹如身临其境。life is the source of writing, any articles are social life forces of reaction in your brain, not the accumulation of life, is to write out of touching article, pupil composition is practice to see, hear, think of the content and experience things with the appropriate language express. because write real life helps solid accumulated in abundance of life, help to effectively play composition, helps to cultivate students honestly to be a person of character, a famous writer, lao she deeply prairie, see clear skies in the grasslands, white sheep, received herdsmens hospitality, felt a thriving grassland scenery. , as he said goodbye, issued a han deep dont endure, tianya verdant setting sun sigh, read to make people feel warm, like the scene. 三、从模仿到创新third, from imitation to innovation 模仿是学习写作的一个环节，是对课文中精华部分的借鉴和吸收，对不足之处进行舍弃，绝不是简单的抄袭，俗话说“文贵己出”教师最终的目的还是要引领学生把学习到的写作经验和技巧，融注到自己的作文中去，写出能表达自己心声的作文来。