管理心理学沟通和人际交往.ppt

第第7 7讲讲 管理心理学 洪明洪明 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 第七章 沟通和人际交往 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 一 沟通 二 如何开展人际关系 7 沟通和人际交往 三 处理冲突 四 自我确定 五 群体中的人际关系 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 什么是沟通 沟通是一种过 程，是信息交 换的过程。 7.1 沟通 信息发出者 内容 渠道 接收者 编码与解码 噪声 交流的方向 沟通的要素： Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 沟通过程模型 7.1 沟通 信息源 通 道 编码 发送者 编码 收到的 信息 接收者 噪 声 反 馈 资料来源：罗宾斯，组织行为学 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 沟通的层次 应酬或闲谈：“吃了吗？”或“出来逛逛呀！” 报导式谈论：“今天33 度，是今年最热的一天！” 分享个人的观念或思想：“我认为这种做法好！” 分享个人感受：“当我知道这个消息后，我感到很 开心！” 全面的个人分享，包括个人的感受、思想和价值观 等。 7.1 沟通 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 沟通的媒介 语言沟通：包括见面、电话交谈、访问、会议、 演讲、广播等。 非语言沟通：包括动作、手势、坐姿、眼神、接 触和面部表情等。 文字沟通：书信往来、便笺、报告、纪录等。 7.1 沟通 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 良好沟通的好处和方法 让对方较易理解自己的背景资料、优点及强项。 在人际冲突时，增进彼此理解；让对方了解自己的 原因、想法，避免误会，减少磨擦矛盾、达到和谐 人际关系。 在工作上能促进效率与培养合作精神。 7.1 沟通 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 良好沟通的好处和方法 良好沟通的方法 u积极聆听技巧，如微笑、点头、眼神接触、上 身微微前倾、简述对方的说话内容。 u待对方说完并停顿后才响应。 u自我开放，提供背景资料。 7.1 沟通 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 如何进行有效的人际沟通 进行有效沟通的秘诀就是知道“怎样说”比“说什么” 更重要得多。研究显示，声音/语调和说话时的表情/ 身体动作给对方留下的印象占90%以上。 因此，若要建立自己给对方的良好印象，并使自己 的说话产生影响力，必须留意自己的语调、表情和 动作。 身体语言 (55%) 声调 (38%) 内容 (7%) 7.1 沟通 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 如何开展关系 基本要素：尊重、真诚、移情（ “读心术”） 信念上：相信关系是有付出、有收获的 相信正面行为会带来正面结果 相信不是每个人都一样 不是每个人都要喜欢你或憎恨你 行为上：要付出时间，没有不劳而获 适当地开放自己 愿意提供及接受帮助 7.2 如何开展人际关系 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 沟通和人际交往必备技巧 7.2 如何开展人际关系 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 什么人有吸引力 1、内在特质，如幽默、涵养、礼貌等是主要的吸 引力因素； 2、外表特点，如体形，服装； 3、个人表现出的特殊行为，如新奇且令人喜爱的 动作； 4、地位和角色引起的爱慕和尊敬。 7.2 如何开展人际关系 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 什么人没有吸引力 功利性； 自我为中心 服从、讨好； 控制欲过强； 嫉妒心强； 过分依赖； 7.2 如何开展人际关系 自我防御强； 自卑； 孤僻； 欺骗； 敌对和猜疑 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 卡耐基怎样令人喜欢你 1. 献出真心，给予对方真诚关心 2. 保持微笑 3. 最悦耳的声音名字 4. 作一个优秀的倾听者 5. 投其所好，谈别人最关心的事和感兴趣的话题 6. 由衷的赞美，满足他人的“重要感” 7. “鸿毛效应”称赞他人的每一个进步，即使 是最微小的进步 7.2 如何开展人际关系 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 关于冲突的基本信念 1. 冲突是不可避免的 2. 有时冲突的起因并非与你有关 3. 冲突并非绝对好 4. 愈是逃避、愈不懂应付 7.3 处理冲突 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 冲突的原因 1. 个人需求没有被满足 2. 权力分配公平 3. 沟通无效或是不曾进行沟通 4. 价值观或偏好同 5. 对情境的认知有所差异 6. 学习方式或性格不同 7.3 处理冲突 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 冲突管理的程序 1. 确认与界定冲突 2. 头脑风暴法，找出可能的解决方法 3. 讨论这些可能的解决方法 4. 选出最好的解决方法 5. 制订一个实行这个解决方法的计划 6. 实行计划，并予以检视与修正 7.3 处理冲突 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 冲突的解决如何达到双赢 1. 确定你的需求 2. 把你的需求让对方知道 3. 倾听并解对方的需求 4. 想出可能的解决方法 5. 评估每种可能的方法并选择最适合的方法 6. 付诸实行 7. 追踪检讨 7.3 处理冲突 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 处理冲突的方法 7.3 处理冲突 交涉取向 态度 决断 非决断 合作 协作法 随和法 非合作 竞争法 逃避法 妥协法 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. q自我确定认为每一个人都有特定的基本权利，在不违犯 、侵犯他人权利的前提下，能够: 1. 以开放、诚实和直接的方法去表达自己的意见和感受。 2. 在拒绝别人的请求时，会产生内疚或自私的感觉。 3. 在提出请求时，会感到尴尬和焦虑。 什么是自我确定（Assertive） 7.4 自我确定 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4. 能够坚守和表达个人应有的权利及作出适当的选择、反 应和动，这些权利包括： q- 决断自己的为而无需提供由或借口 q- 决断自己是否需要为他人的问题而负起责任 q- 做错事而必受到过份的指责或辱骂 q- 作任何事情而必受别人的赞同 什么是自我确定（Assertive） 7.4 自我确定 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. q自我确定是社交技巧训练的一部份，它强调以坦诚 的原则和方法与人交往，这是建立真正友谊的要素。 q自我确定对于人的心理健康具重要意义。当一个人 对于表达自己有困难时，通常会感到不被欣赏，受别 人利用、自尊心低落、抑郁、与人相处时感到焦虑。 q相反，如一个人能够从容地表达自己意见，会显得 较有自信、处事乐观和容易与人建立良好的人际关系 。 为什么要学习自我确定 7.4 自我确定 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. q自我确定的态度： 对自己负责任的态度 q区分羔羊行为、霸道行为和自我确定行为 自我确定的重点 7.4 自我确定 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. q作用： 提出合理要求或要坚拒别人。 q解释： 保持冷静，坚持己见，心平气和地重复说 出自己的主张，直至别人接纳你的意见为止。此法 可帮助你在争取自己利益的同时，抛却无谓的争论 或愤怒的情绪。 q例： 一位推销员喋喋休地游说你购买某种营养 品.无论他说么，你只要以低沉而轻松的声音回 答：“我知道（你的意思），但是我没有兴趣（购买 营养品）。” 自我确定的方法重复法(Broken Record) 7.4 自我确定 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. q作用： 应付别人无理批评 q解释： 在同意事情的真相、可能性及原则的情况 下，帮助你接受别人的批评，不作出否定、辩护或 反击，让批评者不知是否成功批评你。 q例： “你觉得我是”、 “你认为我是”、 或 者“你的讲法是对的”。 自我确定的方法迷雾法(Fogging) 7.4 自我确定 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. q作用： 应付本身过失的方法 q解释：把过失本身只当作过失看待，然后决断地 接受过失的事实，在语言应对的时候必须极准确 不能多一分，也不能少一分，令批评你的人觉得 没有必要对你的过失作漫无止境的批评。 q例： “对，我计数计得很慢。” q“我知道这样子不好看，我自己也不喜欢这样子( 发型/衣着)。” q“对不起，我一时忘记把重要文件交给你.” 自我确定的方法否定决断法(Negative Assertion) 7.4 自我确定 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. q作用： 应付本身过失之余，巧妙地终止对方对你 作出过份的批评 q解释： 跟迷雾法一样，否定询问法并不拒绝或抗 辩评语中所说的错误行为，而是以平静的态度通过 提问或反问不停地激发 对方说出更多对你的批评或 错误行为，尽获取或消耗对方操纵性的资料。 q例子： “除迟到外，我还有么地方要注意呢 ?” q“我真的不懂，应该怎么办呢?” 自我确定的方法否定询问法(Negative Inquiry) 7.4 自我确定 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. q作用：与对方洽商、达成协议的方法 q解释：应用语言技巧，切实提出双方都行得通的 建议 例子：“明天我不能把报告写好，大后天可以吗?” q“300元 太贵，200元 我才会考虑!” 自我确定的方法妥协法(Workable Compromise) 7.4 自我确定 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. q作用：与人打开话题、持续话题、 打破沉默、建 立初步关系 q解释：在社交场合中，通过与对方倾谈日常生活 中的资料，藉此打开话题，并且把话题延续；而当 要响应别人时，往往要十分留意对方谈话的内容， 以便补充更多其它有关资料，发掘多话题。 q例子：“原来你在银行工作，我妹妹也从事金融业 。” q“我好像以前在xx 见过你 / 听过你的讲座。” 自我确定的方法漫谈资料法(Free Information) 7.4 自我确定 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. q作用：提供谈话题材、平衡彼此的谈话内容、帮 助对方更解自己。 q解释：通过谈论与话题有关的个人经验、自己对 所讨论事项中的意见、对分享事件中的感受，让对 方进一步解你本人或你对他的经验、想法和感受 ，以便引起彼此间的共鸣、深化关系。 q例子：“我很喜欢你的新发型。” q“你有胆量在会议中提反对意见，我真是欣赏。” q（事实+观点+感受） 自我确定的方法自我开放法(Self-disclosure) 7.4 自我确定 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides f