英语写作常见错误分析.ppt

大学英语四六级应试技巧 写作篇 英语写作常见错误分析 检查主要针对四个重点部位： 1） 是否切题 它又分三个层面： 一是整篇文章内容是否切合文章标题要 求； 二是段落主题句的内容是否与各段落提 示句内容相一致； 三是段落内部的内容是否与段落主题句 的表达相一致。如果发现任何一个层面 不切题，应尽可能弥补，删除那些多余 的或不切题的地方；增添残缺的、语义 表达不足的地方。由于时间所限，删的 内容一定要精，要切中要害，切忌动“大 手术”。 2） 是否连贯 检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否 自然流畅，检验的标准主要是句子是否通 顺，该用连接词的地方用了没有，以及所 用的连接词是否合适。 3）是否有语法错误 主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态 、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是 否合乎习惯。为避免不必要的语法错误 ，对把握性不大的词组、句型绝不要用 。而应使用那些自己熟悉的词组、句型 来表达相同或相近的意思。 4）是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误 在这些细枝末节上，谨慎细心地处 理，无疑会进一步提高文章的整体质量 。在检查、改错的过程中，切忌乱涂乱 抹。保持卷面清洁，无疑会给阅卷者留 下好印象。 英语写作常见错误 一、 不切题 英汉不同的语篇思维模式是造成不切题 的直接原因。一些外国人认为东方人写作善 用迂回法，也就是总绕着主题的外围转，而 不从主题入手展开讨论。 汉语语篇的思维模式是中国历史文化的 产物，人们认为这种方式含蓄、委婉，容易 使人接受，而英美人则喜欢开门见山的叙述 主题；所以我国学生进行英语写作时，由于 受汉语语篇思维模式的影响，阐述时不从主 题入手，不能紧扣主题进行写作，致使文章 主题不明确，观点不够鲜明。我们来看一篇 以Trees为题目的作文： Trees are mans friends. 1. We can see trees everywhere. 2. We plant trees every year. 3. We can make tables with trees. 4. Trees also give us fruits to eat. 5. I like to eat fruits very much. 该段的主题句是Trees are mans friends, 写作中心应 围绕friends，也就是树的用途展开。但学生没 有从friends入手阐明主题，而是绕圈子说了些无关 紧要的话，第一、二、五展开句偏离了树的用途 这个主题，而是说我们到处可以看见树木；每年 都种树；喜欢吃水果等；而且段落框架松散，这 样就属于主题句抓不住，中心思想不明确，而且 句型单调。 再来看改写后的段落： Trees are mans friends. 1.They provide man with timber, fruits and seeds. With timber, man can build houses and make furniture. 2. Fruits are the food, which is necessary to us every day. 3. As for seeds, they can be used to extract oil. 这样就克服了前面所犯错误，紧紧 围绕了主题句来展开，算是一篇好的 作文。 二、语言表达的错误 从题目或给出的关键词中照搬，不 注意单词在句中所做的成分及大小 写 忽视第三人称单数 忽视被动语态的用法 三、语言表达的错误重点分析。 1句子结构混乱，出现句子不完整 或句子成分多余 2 词性误用 3主谓不一致 4根据中文逐字硬译 5. 名词可数与不可数的误用 6.介词to和不定式符号的混淆 7 .动宾搭配不当 8. 词组搭配错误 9综合性语言错误: 有诸如时态， 语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误 三、语言表达的错误重点分析 1句子结构混乱，出现句子不完整或句子 成分多余。句子不完整（Sentence Fragments ）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下 文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是 书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思 表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以 后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生 例1There are large number of people die from the disasters. 改为1：There are a large number of There are a large number of people who die from the disasters. people who die from the disasters. 改为2：There are a large number of There are a large number of people dying from the disasters.people dying from the disasters. 改为3：A large number of people die A large number of people die from the disasters.from the disasters. 例2There is a fire happened / broke out. There was occurred a fire in Honghua Hotel. 改为：改为：A fire happened / broke out /A fire happened / broke out / occurred. occurred. 例3She learn knowledge depend on herself. 改为：改为： She She learnslearns knowledge knowledge by herselfby herself. . 例4The driver of the red car was died on the spot. 改为：改为：The driver of the red car The driver of the red car dieddied on on the spot.the spot. 例5Helping others we also know the significance of life. 改为：改为： We also We also realizerealize the the significance of life significance of life throughthrough helping helping others.others. 例6The public service advertisement catch everyones eyes, enable us pay more attention about our lives and societies. 改为：改为：The public service advertisementThe public service advertisements s catch everyones eyes, catch everyones eyes, whichwhich enable enables s us us toto pay more attention pay more attention about our lives and societies. about our lives and societies. 例7The aging of population bring some problems, such as the lack of labor, seniors feel lonely and so on. 改为：改为： The aging of population The aging of population brings brings aboutabout some problems, such as the lack some problems, such as the lack of labor, of labor, seniors sense of lonelinessseniors sense of loneliness and so on.and so on. 例8Children take care of the seniors should meet their material needs, but this is not enough, concerning their spiritual needs is more important. 改为：改为： When it comes to takingWhen it comes to taking care of care of the seniors , children should the seniors , children should meet their meet their spiritual needsspiritual needs as well as material needsmaterial needs. . 例9When your opportunity coming, you attain success will be easier. 改为：改为： When your opportunity When your opportunity comescomes, , it will be easier for you to attain successit will be easier for you to attain success. . 2 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech) “词性误用”常表现为：介词 当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词 当动词用等 例Its likely to success if you have confident, diligent and intelligence. 改为1： You are likely to succeed if you have confidence, diligence and intelligence. 改为2： Its likely that you will achieve success if you are confident, diligent and intelligent. 改为3： It is likely that you are on theIt is likely that you are on the way to success way to success if you have if you have confidence, diligence and confidence, diligence and intelligence. intelligence. 例2You cant success without your efforts. 改为1：You cant succeed without your efforts. 改为2：You cant obtain success without your efforts. 改为3：You cant become successful without your efforts. 改为4： Success is no longer out of reach with your great efforts. 例3As the development of science and technology,- 改为：With the development of science and technology,- / As the science and technology develop - 例4I usually do some public services for free, trying my best to service for the public. 改为： I usually do some public services for free, trying my best to serve the public. 例5 The public service advertisement is benefit to us. 改为1: The public service advertisement is beneficial to us. 改为2: The public service advertisement benefits us. 改为3：The public service advertisement is of great benefit to us. 改为4: We benefits a lot from the public service advertisement. 例6Some seniors were died because of without their childrens support. 改为：Some seniors died for lack of their childrens support. 例7The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. 改为：The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. 例8The children are supposed to spare some time to company their parents. 改为： The children are supposed to spare some time to accompany our parents chatting . 例9With the rapid development of economic, the conditions of our life is improving. 改为： With the rapid development of economy, the conditions of our life are improving. 例10They need economical concerned , but also mental concerned. 改为： They need not only financial support, but also emotional support . 例11With the development of the mordern social, more and more families prefer to have one child or even none, which cause the sum of the seniors has been increase quickly. 改为： With the development of the modern society, an increasing number of families prefer to have one child or even none, which cause the rapid increase of the sum of the seniors. cause sth. cause sb. to do sth. 例12The fire was because of the wrong of electricity. 改为： The fire was due to electric fault. 例13The cause of the fire includes peoples careless and dry weather. 改为： The cause of the fire includes peoples carelessness and dry weather. 例14Although I am not a specialize student of computer, I have enough knowledge about computer and I have ever take a part- time summer job as a sellman before. 改为： Although I am not a computer major / a student majoring in computer, I have enough knowledge about computer and I have ever taken a part-time summer job as a salesman before. 例15Many students choice go to the library in their spare time in order to get more knowledge. 改为： Many students choose to go to the library in their spare time in order to update their knowledge. 3主谓不一致 例There are too much thing we can do to protect our earth. 改为： There are too many things we can do to protect our earth. 例2The hard work / hard-working then achieve the success. 改为1：Hard work then enables / helps us to achieve the success. 改为2: We are bound to succeed through hard work. 例3Happy mind leads a long life. 改为: With happy mind happy mind seniors willseniors will lead a long life. lead a long life. 4根据中文逐字硬译 例1: make us more perfect 改为：improve ourselves / make us improve ourselves / make us perfect / perfect ourselvesperfect / perfect ourselves 例2If someones family situation is not well, he can apply for scholarship. 改为：改为：If ones family is not well off, If ones family is not well off, he can apply he can apply for scholarshipfor scholarship. . 例3 keep a good body health 改为：改为： keep fit / healthykeep fit / healthy 例4 Dormitory was happened to a fire. 改为：改为： A fire happened / broke out A fire happened / broke out in a dormitory. in a dormitory. 例5 Students should hard to learn knowledge. 改为改为1 1： Students should Students should study the new study the new knowledge diligently unceasinglyknowledge diligently unceasingly. 改为改为2 2： Students should study hard study hard andand learn a lot of knowledge. learn a lot of knowledge. 改为改为3 3： Students should strive to learn knowledge. 例6 Students will take more times to study or not play. 改为改为1 1： Students will take more Students will take more timetime to to study study rather thanrather than play. play. 改为改为2 2： Students will take more Students will take more timetime to to study study instead of playinginstead of playing. . 改为改为3 3： Students will Students will spendspend more time more time studying instead of playingstudying instead of playing. . 例7 I want in the summer vacation concurrent job computer marketing work. 改为改为: : I want to I want to apply for / look for/ huntapply for / look for/ hunt for for a concurrent / part-time job a concurrent / part-time job concerningconcerning computer marketing computer marketing in the summer vacation in the summer vacation. . 例8 Now I attend the university first grade in the college education scientific institute. 改为改为: : Now I am Now I am a freshmana freshman in in College / College / School of Education ScienceSchool of Education Science / Education and Science Institute . . 例9Although I do not have the related computer marketing work experience, but I believe that I may be competent this work. 改为改为: : Although I do not have the work Although I do not have the work experienceexperience related to / concerningrelated to / concerning computer marketing, I believe that I computer marketing, I believe that I will be competent forwill be competent for this work. this work. 例10Later we must even more pay attention to use electricity the security. 改为改为: : From now onFrom now on we must more pay we must more pay attention to attention to electricity safetyelectricity safety . . 5. 名词可数与不可数的误用 例1: Too much tests are disadvantage for students study. 改为：改为：Too many tests are Too many tests are disadvantageous to students.disadvantageous to students. 例2: In modern society, people are under various pressures. 改为：改为：In modern society, people are In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure.under various kinds of pressure. 6.介词to和不定式符号的混淆 例1:Too many tests will do harm to cultivate our independent thinking. 改为：改为：Too many tests will do harm to Too many tests will do harm to the cultivation of our independent the cultivation of our independent thinking.thinking. 例2: All these contributed to solve the serious problem. 改为：改为：All these contributed to the All these contributed to the solution to the serious problem.solution to the serious problem. 7 .动宾搭配不当 例1: We must pay attention to it and make solutions of the problem. 改为：改为：We must pay attention andWe must pay attention and find / figure out/work outfind / figure out/work out a solution a solution toto the problem. the problem. 例2: It also may help you to make success. 改为：改为：It may also help you It may also help you succeedsucceed /obtain your goal./obtain your goal. 例3: A strong will means never give up. 改为：改为： A strong will means never A strong will means never givinggiving up. up. 8词组搭配错误。 例1The public service advertisement is to call saving water to keep the environment in balance. 改为1:The public service advertisement The public service advertisement is to call on the public tois to call on the public to save save water to water to keep the ecological balancekeep the ecological balance / improve earth environment . 改为2:The public service advertisement The public service advertisement is to appeal to the public tois to appeal to the public to save save water to water to keep the ecological balancekeep the ecological balance / improve earth environment . 例2Children are supposed to provide the seniors money, especially love and warm. 改为1: Children are supposed to provide Children are supposed to provide the seniors the seniors withwith money, especially love money, especially love and and warmth / carewarmth / care. . 改为2: Children are supposed to provide Children are supposed to provide money, especially love and money, especially love and warmthwarmth for the seniorsfor the seniors. . 例3The government should take actions to concern our seniors. 改为1:The government should take The government should take actions to actions to be concerned aboutbe concerned about our seniors. our seniors. 改为2: The government should take The government should take actions to actions to show concern aboutshow concern about our our seniors.seniors. 改为3: The government should take The government should take actions to actions to care about / forcare about / for our seniors. our seniors. 例4They should spent more time to talk with them and encourage them to join some cultural activities. 改为: They should They should spendspend more time more time talkingtalking with them , with them , encouraging encouraging them to them to participate inparticipate in some cultural activities. some cultural activities. 例5There are various of scholarship for us to apply for. 改为1: There are There are various various scholarshipscholarships s for us to apply for. for us to apply for. 改为2: There are There are a variety ofa variety of scholarship scholarships s for us to apply for.for us to apply for. 改为3: Various scholarships scholarships areare available for available for students. students. 例6Its believed that scholarship can help students improve their study and increase teaching quality. 改为: Its believed that scholarshipIts believed that scholarships s can can help to help to improve students study and improve students study and teaching qualityteaching quality. . 例7Scholarship can inspire the students study more hard / hardly. 改为: ScholarshipScholarships s can can inspire / inspire / encourage/stimulate/motivate encourage/stimulate/motivate the students the students toto study harder. study harder. 9综合性语言错误: 有诸如时态，语 态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误 。 例1Take care of the seniors is the societys moral as well as our duty. 改为： TakingTaking care of the seniors is the care of the seniors is the societys moral as well as our duty.societys moral as well as our duty. 例2The fire was so terrible that I be afraid to saw it. 改为：改为： The fire was so terrible that The fire was so terrible that I I was terrified / horrified was terrified / horrified /shocked / frightened to /shocked / frightened to seesee it. it. 使文章富有表现力的手段： 1、使用有难度的词汇； 2、使用形容词修饰名词，用副词修 饰动词或整个句子； 3、使用被动语态； 4、使用倒装句；(not only. but also.；only.) 5、尽可能地使用名词，而不是习惯 中的动词和形容词。 写作的基本句式 There be +主语+定语+状语. 1. There must be (a variety of) reasons for this. 2. There is no point in talking about it about again. (sense/use/good) 3.There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem. 4. There remains nothing (more) (to be done). 5. There is a great change (produced in the worlds communications). 6. There is something (you dont know). 7. There are about 78% of the college students (wanting to further their study after their graduation). 名词化结构 1名词从句转换成名词短语 That the women actively participate in public life causes the change of their role in the society. The womens active participation in public life - 2. 表语从句转换成名词短语 One of the positive effects of physical exercise is that it contributes directly to a persons physical health. -is its direct contribution to a persons physical health. 3由of 连接含有by 的名词短语 That James Watt invented the steam engine started the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The invention of the steam engine by James Watt 4. 被动结构转换成名词 It has been suggested that we should spare no effort 不遗余力to beautify our environment. A suggestion has been made that- 5. 副词与动词一起转换成名词短语 The computer is chiefly characterized by accuracy and quick computation.计算 The chief characteristic of the computer is - 6.介词短语与动词一起转换成名词短语 The professor explained the theory of relativity to his students in detail. The professor gave his students a detailed explanation of - 7. 动词转换成介词短语 Some problems are being discussed. Some problems are under discussion. Exercise: He has breakfast quickly. As the science and technology develop, the peoples living standard is on the rise. There is still room for improving your work. What he said is brief and to the point. The money in itself is not important to us. Reference He has a quick breakfast. With the development of science and technology, the peoples living standard is on the rise. There is still room for improvement in your work. His words is brief and to the point. The money in itself is of no importance to us. 平行结构 1. 名词平行 The doctor recommended plenty of food, sleep and exercise. 2. 形容词平行 Air travel is fast, safe and convenient. 3. 副词平行 He always speaks English slowly and clearly. 4. 非谓语动词短语平行 They waited for hours at