外文翻译-- 气动系统节能设计及应用.docx

附录C英文资料Design and application of energy-saving pneumatic system Pneumatic drive and control the production process automation and mechanization of the most effective means, but its working medium (air) and high manufacturing costs, energy efficiency, extremely low. Pneumatic system used to improve the economy, has become the must attention.On the pneumatic system, reducing gas consumption is the energy.Energy-saving pneumatic system from several aspects: (1) improve the gas supply system, pneumatic system to solve the energy problem, should improve the gas supply system, starting from the compressed air production, processing, transmission, distribution of the gas supply systemthorough consideration, taking comprehensive measures.Structure of different types of air compressors produce the same amount of compressed air, because of its efficiency vary, there are differences in energy consumption.Speed type of turbine air compressors efficiency is low, such as the free air compressed into 0.6MPa 10m3 of compressed air, by the displacement to 1000 m3 / h of the turbine air compressor production, energy consumption 1.77kW h.Produced the same amount and pressure of compressed air, such as the use of the same displacement piston compressor production, only the energy consumption 0.83kW h.Therefore, from the energy point of view of energy saving and air compressor air compressor type of the structure.In the choice of air compressor, the use of a perfect between-class multi-polar compressor cooling can save energy and improve efficiency.For example, two single stage compression ratio more than 15% energy saving, 3 second compression and energy-efficient compression ratio of 5% 10%.Change the traditional design concepts, will focus on the whole plant by the large supply of compressed air compressor station, transforming the distribution of the pneumatic system in the plant near the area of multiple smaller air compressor gas more economical.For example, gas station by an air compressor, compressed air pipeline length, pressure loss along the large, gas equipment in order to ensure sufficient working pressure, compressor outlet pressure higher.The use of multiple air compressor supply system, air compressor gas consumption workshop in the vicinity of the installation, along the small loss, can reduce the outlet pressure.Test alone to prove efficiency of 20%.The temperature of inhaled air compressor for each additional 3 , would increase the compression power of about 1%.Due to indoor air compressor room temperature were higher than outdoor temperature, therefore, air compressor intake pipe should be receiving the outdoor temperature is low, the environment clean, dry place.Outdoors than indoors during the winter low temperature 15 , can be about 5.1% energy saving.So that when the air compressor in the production of compressed air and gas flows through the filtration equipment, pressure loss is the loss of gas supply system, a further reduction of energy-saving factor.So filtering equipment must be maintained in good working order.Elimination of pneumatic systems for leaks, is another important energy-saving pneumatic system of measures.Compressed air leak so that the energy consumed in vain, Ershi production costs. (2) using gas - electric or gas - liquid composite transmission control systems for energy-saving technology since the rapid development of microelectronics, computer applications have entered the field of pneumatic control technology.Used to control the pneumatic actuator, pneumatic components by the general composition of complex pneumatic logic control circuit, now may be a computer or programmable logic controller to replace.As long as the procedures for the preparation of various pneumatic devices can realize automation of different processes.Currently, pneumatic solenoid valve power consumption at 1.8W most of the following, small valve has only 0.45W of power, the power of direct action type valve generally are less than 4W.The significance of low-power solenoid is not merely to save energy and improve the reliability of the electromagnet, on the other hand also for pneumatic technology and microelectronics technologies, creating the necessary conditions.Pneumatic devices with low power consumption, programmable logic controller as a direct-drive components, complex large-scale process control, to give a good energy saving effect. (3) development of energy-saving pneumatic components pneumatic energy development component, available from the following aspects: to reduce leakage, reduce energy consumption.Development of anti-leakage, good wear resistance, no to oil seals soft material.Development of low-power pneumatic components, reduce energy consumption.Adopts the oil lubrication, oil consumption to reduce environmental pollution.No to oil lubrication system is a pneumatic filter, regulator why not lubricating the valves, cylinder component system.Lubrication-free pneumatic system to the oil used in the work of the medium - the air does not contain oil mist, emissions are also non-oil mist.Pneumatic components to the oil-free lubrication is a pre-injection of grease in the device can work long hours without added grease in the pneumatic components.Lubrication-free pneumatic system to the oil mist from time to set up devices.Pneumatic system to the oil-free lubrication is simple, low cost, easy maintenance, foreign equipment commonly used by this system.In the course of such a system is essentially the same lubrication conditions, changes in external conditions are not subject to interference, and thus stable performance, long life.No lubrication lubrication-free pneumatic cylinder system is a special structure, and use a self-lubricating material components, materials and manufacturing difficulties due, it is now also applied.(4) rational design of pneumatic systems, merit selection and rational use of pneumatic components, pneumatic fluid to reduce gas consumption, pneumatic system dynamics theory and experimentation, the use of computer simulation technology to optimize the design of the pneumatic system, merit selectionbest parameters.For example, the nominal diameter of the cylinder is based on common ratio of geometric progression of 1.25 points files, such as the expansion of the cylinder diameter of a random grade, then the gas consumption to increase 56%.If additional trips, gas consumption will increase.Therefore, selecting the best parameter selection for energy conservation is very important.Rational use of energy-saving measures are also components, such as short stroke cylinder, single acting spring return using the cylinder, double acting cylinder is clearly more to save compressed air, reducing gas consumption.(5) in the pneumatic system with different working pressure pneumatic system is one of the important energy-saving way to different parts of the system under different circumstances with different working pressure.For example, the supply of high pressure gas source pressure transmission system, pneumatic control systems on the supply of low-pressure gas source; in the cylinder to overcome the external load of the working stroke high-pressure gas supply source, no external load supply of low pressure gas source itinerary, obtain considerable energy savings.So is travel related information on high pressure gas source, return with a low pressure gas source (0.1 0.2MPa gauge), can be saving 25% to 35%.(6) Rod recycling cavity are the air pressure to the piston to return, change the gas consumption for the one-way two-way gas consumption.Production cylinder widely used in practice, many trips are being applied load, the return just to overcome their own friction.This system to extend the piston rod Rodless cavity after a pressure gas is used to return the piston to the original two-way gas consumption of one-way consumption of gas, up to 50% energy saving effect.附录D英文资料翻译 气动系统节能设计及应用气压传动和控制是生产过程自动化和机械化的最有效手段之一，但其工作介质（压缩空气）的制造成本高，能量的利用率又相当低。提高气动系统使用的经济性，已成为当前应该重视的问题。 对气动系统来说，减少耗气量就是节能。气动系统的节能可以从几个方面着手： （1）完善气源系统 要解决气动系统的节能问题，应从完善气源系统入手，即从压缩空气的生产、处理、输送、分配的整个气源系统全盘考虑，采取综合措施。结构型式不同的空气压缩机生产同样多的压缩空气，由于其效率不一，消耗的能量就有差异。速度型的透平式空压机的效率低，如把10m3自由空气压缩成0.6MPa的压缩空气，由排量为1000 m3/h的透平式空压机生产，耗能1.77kWh。而生产同样数量和压力的压缩空气，如用同样排量的活塞式空压机生产，仅耗能0.83kWh。因此，从节能角度出发，空压机的节能与空压机的结构型式有关。在选择空压机时，采用具有完善级间冷却的多极压缩机可节省能量、提高效率。例如二级压缩比单级压缩节能15%以上，三级压缩比二级压缩又节能5%10%。改变传统的设计观念，将全厂集中的由大型空压机供气的空压站，转变为由在气动系统附近的分布在厂区内的多台较小型空压机供气更为经济。例如，由一个空压站集中供气，压缩空气输送管道长，沿程压力损失大，为保证用气设备有足够的工作压力，空压机出口压力较高。而用多台空压机的供气系统，空压机在耗气车间附近安装，沿程损失小，可以降低出口压力。试验证明仅此一项可节能20%。空压机吸入空气的温度每增加3，就要增加压缩功约1%。因空压机房室内温度均高于室外温度，因此，空压机进气管道应接到室外温度较低，环境干净，干燥的地方。在冬季室外比室内温度低15，可节能约5.1%。使空压机在生产压缩空气时，气体流经过滤设备的压力损失小，是气源系统减少损失的又一个节能因素。所以过滤设备必须保持良好的工作状态。消除气动系统的泄漏，是气动系统节能的另一个重要措施。泄漏使压缩空气的能量白白消耗掉，而使生产成本上升。 （2）采用气电或气液复合传动控制系统，实现节能 由于微电子技术的飞速发展，计算机的应用也进入了气动控制技术的领域。用于控制气动执行元件的，由普通气动元件组成的，复杂的气动逻辑控制回路，现在已可由微型计算机或可编程序控制器代替。只要编制不同的程序便能实现气动装置生产自动化的不同过程。目前，气动电磁阀的电磁铁消耗功率大多在1.8W以下，小型阀也有功率仅为0.45W的，直动型阀的功率一般也都小于4W。电磁铁低功耗的意义不仅仅在于节约电能，提高电磁铁的