全新版大学英语综合教程第四册U.ppt

Unit 2 Smart Cars Automobile (美)各种机动车 总称 Vehicle 交通工具，车 Car (英)尤指小轿车 (美)小轿车，四 轮马车 Types of Automobile Convertible 敞篷双门轿跑车 SUV-Sports Utility Vehicle 多功能运动车 Off-road vehicle 越野车 Sports Coupe 硬顶跑车 MPV-Multi-Purpose Vehicle多功能车 Classical car 老爷车 Recreational Car 房车 Conceptual Car 概念车 Pick-up皮卡(小卡车 ) Automobile Brands Ferrari Citreoen Peugeot Mitsubishi Honda Toyota Porsche Chevrolet Volkswagen Ford Buick Lamborghini Rolls Royce BMW-Bavarian Motor Works宝马 Jaguar捷豹 Benz奔驰 Hummer 悍马 (原意为“蜂鸟”，悍马多 数为大型吉普车、房车) Cadillac凯迪拉克 the Cadillac of sth一流 的，最好的，顶级的 How much do you know about smart cars? Warm-up discussion What do you imagine a smart car can do? talk to the driver? drive on its own? warn the driver of dangers? locate the car? sense the driving conditions nearby? 1. 1. Smart is short for Swatch Mercedes ART.Smart is short for Swatch Mercedes ART. 2. Smart car is a vehicle equipped with multimedia digital 2. Smart car is a vehicle equipped with multimedia digital systems, such as sensors, in-car navigational systems, Global systems, such as sensors, in-car navigational systems, Global Positioning Systems, small radars to make driving safe and Positioning Systems, small radars to make driving safe and fast, so its versatile. fast, so its versatile. 3. It is an application of artificial intelligence in vehicles. 3. It is an application of artificial intelligence in vehicles. 4. It plays an important role in Intelligent Transport Systems 4. It plays an important role in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).(ITS). Terms of smart cars: sensor(L10) monitor(L24) bumper(L25) dashboard(L33) orbiting satellite(L40) receiver(L49) navigation(L53) microchip(L56) radio transmitter(L65) rear-view mirror 传感器 监控 保险杠 仪表板 沿轨道运行的卫星 (信号)接受器 导航 微芯片 无线电信号发射机 后视镜 Terms of roads: Highway (L63): Expressway Underground / subway Light rail (elevated railway) Inner-ring road Outer-ring road Elevated road; viaduct Over-pass Mag-lev train: Magnetically levitated train 公路，国道 高速公路 高架 天桥 Part Division of the Text PartsParaMain Ideas 11-3 24-9 310-13 The prospect of future smart cars Features of future smart cars The building of smart highways Global Reading PartsMain Ideas Para 1 Para 2 Para 3 Pare 4 Para 5 The effects of the computer revolution on cars The status of the automobile industry Key to tomorrows “smart car” Monitoring the drivers state (alcoholic) Monitoring the driving conditions Global Reading PartsMain Ideas Para 6 Para 7 Para 8 Para 9 Para 10 Monitoring the drivers state (sleepy) Locating the position, warning you of jams Counting the distance Smart cars in Japan The vast application of GPS in the future Global Reading PartsMain Ideas Para 11 Para 12 Para 13 Building of smart highways Automated driver Prospect of telematics The Introductory Paragraph Smart cars that can see, hear, feel, smell, and talk? And drive on their own? This may sound like a dream, but the computer revolution is set to turn it into a reality. be (all) set for sth. / to do sth.: be quite ready Part1 Questions How important was the automobile industry in the twentieth century? What will happen to cars and roads in the twenty- first century? What is the crucial element of the future smart cars? Part1 (Paras13) Main idea: Computer technology will have a dramatic impact on _ and _ in the 21st century. cars highways 1. Even the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution. 2.The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century. There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people. Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the worlds biggest manufacturing industry. 3. The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century. The key to tomorrows “smart cars” will be sensors. “Well see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act,” predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporations ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future. Part I (p13) -The impact of new technology on cars and highways of future Part2 True or False 1. There are so many people killed in the car accidents that car accidents reports can be found in newspaper nearly everyday. 2. A smart car can alert the driver if he becomes drowsy. 3. The computer in the car will totally eliminate the cases of getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. F T F Part2 True or False 4. The computer in the car sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a satellite. 5. By establishing the relation between the rotations in the steering wheel and the cars position on a map, the computer can tell us where the car is. F T Part2 (Paras49) Main idea: features of future smart cars 1. _ most car accidents (para4) 2. _ the police if the car is stolen (para4) 3. _ ones driving and the driving conditions nearby (para5) 4. alert the driver who feels _ (para6) 5. _ the car precisely and _ traffic jams. (para7) eliminate alert monitor sleepy locate warn of Part2 Terms in quotation marks or with capitalized first letters “blind spot”(L27) a portion of the road behind a car, which a driver cant observe from the rear-view mirror Global Positioning System(L42) a service linked with a satellite “atomic clock”(L46) It vibrates at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory. 4. Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents. The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we dont even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore. What is the main idea of the third and the forth paragraphs? 5. Smart cars have already been built which can monitor ones driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your “blind spot”) the computer would sound an immediate warning. Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the police and provide its precise location if it is stolen. What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph? fatal fatality mortal - mortality 6. At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, life- threatening hazard. To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be trained on a drivers face and eyes. If the drivers eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver. What is the main idea of the sixth paragraph? 7. Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet. What is the main idea of the seventh paragraph? At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite contains four “atomic clocks,” which vibrate at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory. 8. As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a cars computer. The cars computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the satellites signal can be converted into a distance. What is the main idea of the eighth paragraph? 量子理论 9. In Japan there are already over a million cars with some type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a cars position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.) What is the main idea of the ninth and tenth paragraphs? The detailed information of the impact of new technology on cars Future cars will 1. help eliminate traffic accidents, 2. determined their own precise locations 3. warn of traffic jam Part 3 Summarize main ideas of paragraphs Para 10 Para 11 Para 12 Para 13 The prospects for applications of GPS. The eventual goal of “telematics” is to put smart cars on smart highways. What is an “automated driver”? The hopes promoters of the smart highway have for its future. Part3 (Paras1013) Main idea: _ and _will make it possible to build smart highways. GPStelematics Part3 Terms in quotation marks or with capitalized first letters “telematics”(L62) tele-distant matics-informatics a branch of knowledge concerned with long- distance transmission “automated driver”(L69) The plan calls for computers, aided by controlled by computer. Part3 (Paras1013) Para10 L57 What does “the commercial industry” refer to? It refers to the industry to which GPS is applied commercially. Paraphrase the sentence “The commercial industry” The commercial industry is bound to develop rapidly and be prosperous. 10. With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. “The commercial industry is poised to explode,” says Randy Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp., which manufactures navigational systems. Blind individuals could use GPS sensors in walking sticks, airplanes could land by remote control, hikers will be able to locate their position in the woodsthe list of potential uses is endless. What is the main idea of the ninth and tenth paragraphs? 11. GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called “telematics,” which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in Europe, and experiments are being made in California to mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions. 12. On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the “automated driver.” The plan calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer. What is the main idea of the eleventh and twelfth paragraphs? 13. Promoters of this computerized highway have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion. What is the main idea of the thirteenth paragraph? The impact of new technology on highways Analyze the structure of this sentence. “Should” is often used in subordinate clauses after “if” - it makes an event sound less probable. If you should see Harry, give him my regards. (You might see him.) In British English, the structure “if + subject + should + verb” is often replaced by “Should + subject + verb”. Should you see Harry, give him my regards. You must be familiar with the word “train”, but how do you understand the word in this sentence? Here “train” means to focus on or aim at. Paraphrase this sentence. There are sensors in the car and they are tuned to radio signals which come from orbiting satellites. The sensors can locate the car and warn of traffic jams. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 通过这些卫星我们有可能以小于100英尺的误差确定你 在地球上的方位。 Explain how the navigational facilities help locate the cars position. They locate the cars position by establishing the relation between the rotations in the wheel and the cars position on a map. 1. What does “the commercial industry” refer to? It refers to the industry to which GPS is applied commercially. 2. Paraphrase the sentence. The commercial industry is bound to develop rapidly and be prosperous. 1. How much do you know about the Interstate in the U.S.? Interstate is one of a system of highways extending between and connecting the major cities of the United States. 2. What does “stretch” mean? It means a continuous or unbroken length. 3.Translate this part into Chinese. 在圣迭戈以北10英里的15号州际公路一段8英里长的 路面上 1.Paraphrase the structure “may well be ” is very likely that 2.Translate this sentence into Chinese. 到2010年，远程信息技术很可能应用于美国 的一条主要公路。 rank (L4) v. put or arrange in a rank; have a place 位列 rank among/as 属于之列，列在当中 He ranks among our greatest writers. 他跻身于我们最伟大的作家之列。 伦敦可算是世界最大城市之一。 London ranks as one of the worlds largest cities. Words and PhrasesWords and Phrases lucrative (L4) adj. producing much money; profitable 有利的；赚钱的 a lucrative income 一笔利润收入 a lucrative marketing strategy 一套赢利的市场策略 我们和一家美国公司做大米进口的生意，赚了些钱。 We made a lucrative business with the American company on rice imports. How do you understand the word “stand”? “Stand” is used to show a particular level or amount. For example: Inflation currently stands at nine per cent. Your bank balance stands at $460. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右，从而成为世界上最大的制 造业。 manufacture: vt. 1) make goods on a large scale using machinery This firm manufactures cars. 在工厂制造产品 to manufacture goods in a factory 2) invent; make up Youll have to manufacture some kind of excuse. 她编了一段谎话来掩盖事实。 She manufactured a false story to hide the facts. manufacture 近似; 大概 The approximate number of demonstrators in front of the municipal office building was 900. an approximate analysis 大概的分析 be approximate to 近似, 约计 eliminate: vt. remove, esp. sb./sth. that is not wanted or needed; get rid of used in the patterns: eliminate sth.; eliminate sth. from sth.) 消灭；消除 Pattern: eliminate sth. (from sth.) eliminate illiteracy/poverty Can we ever eliminate hunger from the world one day? 她已被取消了参加游泳比赛的资格。 She has been eliminated from the swimming race. in the air: in the earths atmosphere; uncertain, not yet decided在空中, 悬而未决, 在流传中, 不设防 空气中有股怪味。 There is a strange smell in the air. 四处充满了春天的气息。 Spring is in the air. 我们的计划尚未确定。 Our plans are still in the air. Cf. on the air off the air put on airs start up: begin or begin working, running, happening, etc. Put the key in the ignition and turn it to start the car up. 玛丽发动引擎，向她的家乡驶去。 Mary started up the engine and drove for her hometown. alert(L22) vt. warn sb. that there may be danger, trouble, etc. Pattern: alert sb. to sth. The doctor alerted me to the dangers of smoking. adj. attentive; watchful Pattern: be alert to Wild animals are alert to human beings. n. a condition or period of heightened watchfulness or preparation for action Pattern: be on the alert The hunters are on the alert for wolves. CF: alert constant and boring The teachers voice was so monotonous that it sent me to sleep. 我在汽车工厂的工作颇为单调乏味。 My job in the car factory is rather monotonous. mono- 表示 “单”, “一” monologue hazard: n. a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage; a danger or risk Collocations: at all hazards 不顾一切风险; 在任何情况下 in hazard 在危险中, 受到威胁 by hazard 偶然, 碰运气 be on the hazard 在危险中 There are many serious hazards associated with smoking. 穿越非洲的旅行有许多危险。 There are many hazards in a journey across Africa. vibrate: v. (cause sth. to) move rapidly and continuously backwards and forwards; shake 振震, 颤, 摆动; (心)悸动; 喻(感情)激动; 回响; (钟摆等)摆动; 激动; 踌躇, 犹豫 Toms heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house vibrate. Her heart vibrates with excitement. 她的心因兴奋而悸动。 The house vibrates when a train passes. 火车经过时房屋震动。 当司机发动了发动机时，公共汽车颤动着。 The bus vibrated when the driver started up the engine. vibrate vibration fluctuate - fluctuation frequency: n. the rate at which sth. happens or is repeated, usu. measured over a particular period of time 频率; 屡次；频繁 This radio signal has a frequency of 800,000 cycles per second. The frequency of accidents on that road made the council lower the speed limit. 那条道路交通事故频繁,为此市议会决定降低那里的 车速限制。 correlate:vt. have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects or depends on another (使)互相联系 Smoking and lung cancer are closely correlated. Pattern: correlate (sth.) with/to sth. correlate his overweight to overeating 把理论与实践联系起来 correlate the theory with practice convert: v. change from one form or use to another 转变；变换; 兑换; 改变信仰、党派或 意见等 Pattern: convert sth. to/into sth. convert RMB dollars into American dollars 那座楼房改成学校了。 That building has been converted into a school. Pattern: convert sb. to sth. She managed to convert him to her opinion. 她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。 Drastic measures are needed to improve the performance of the company. 法国革命带来剧烈的社会变动。 The French Revolution brought about drastic social changes. drastically(L56) adv. in a drastic way application(L56) n. the action or an instance o