可燃性气体检测与报警系统的外文翻译--使用无线的可燃气体检测系统的设计.doc

本科毕业论文(设计)外 文 文 献 翻 译译文题目： Design of detection of combustible gas and alarm system 学生姓名： 专 业： 指导教师： 2013年 2 月第13页原文：Design of Combustible Gas Detection system using WirelessTransmission TechnologyShijiazhuang Universities of Economics, Hebei, CKeywords:TGS813, AT89S52, DS18B20, nRF905, TC35iAbstract.The detection device of combustible gas are designed in the presented work,using wireless transceiver and GSM network.The system realize the wireless transmission of the gas concentration,and also can send alarm information to users mobile when an exception occurs. The system consists of two parts: a master and slave. The function of the slave is to collect data, process data and transffer the data to the master.The taskof the master is to receive data and display it by LED.The signal acquisition is completed by sensor TGS813 and A/D converter TLC2543. The wireless transmission is achieved through wireless transceiver nRF905. Since the accuracy of the sensor is affected by the environment,using DS18B20 to achieve temperature compensation. And with wireless communication module TC35i and GSM network platform, we can send the alarm information to users mobile promptly.IntroductionGas detection is widely used in petroleum, chemical, metallurgy, family, shopping malls, gas stations and other places. Currently, how to monitor the hazardous gas fast and accurately are the important issues. Although the gas detection technology is relatively mature, but most products has many shortcomings, such as single function, operating complex, bulky, expensive and low sensitivity. Wireless communication technology applied to the gas monitoring field, can resolve the problem of remote monitoring in special environment, such as high temperature, low temperature, toxic gas.and unable to wiring .In the presented work, the combustible gas detectoris fully functional (with wireless transceiver), simple, small size, low cost, and has high sensitivity. The equipment can greatly improve the systems detection capability and accuracy with temperature compensation algorithm, and also can send alarm information to the users mobile phone promptly through the GSM network.System design The system consists of two parts as shown in Figure 1.Fig. 1 Overall system block diagramThe slave part mainly complete data collection and wireless transmission. The master part mainly complete receiving data, displaying and sending alarm message.The signal of gas concentration is collected by combustible gas sensor which generates a weak electrical signal. The signal can be amplified and stabilized by conditioning circuit. And then A/D circuit converts the analog signal to digital signal which microcontroller can process. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, and reduce the impact of temperature, design a temperature compensation circuit to collect tempreture data. AT89S52 process the collected data and send data to the master by wireless transceiver.The master receives the data and displays it by LED. And if the gas concentration being abnormal,the system will drive speaker for an alarm signal and use TC35i module to send alarm information to users mobile.Hardware designSignal acquisition and conditioning circuit. Figure 2 shows data acquisition circuit. TGS813 is a Gas sensing resistive sensor. The conductivity of TGS813 is influenced by the concentration of combustible gases in air, the greater the concentration, the higher conductivity. In system R0, R9, R10 and RS (in TGS813) form a bridge circuit to convert resistance to voltage signal. Operational amplifier A connected as a voltage follower with resistors R7 and regulator D1 make up the voltage regulator circuit to supply power for the bridge. In order to the voltage adapt to the A/D converter, the voltage is amplified by opamp B, and the magnification can be adjusted through resistor R11.Fig. 2 Gas concentration signal acquisition circuitFig. 3 Temperature compensation circuitTemperature compensation circuit. The resistance of Rs is greatly affected by temperature. In order to improve system accuracy, the results must be temperature compensated or temperature correction.In system, using temperature sensor DS1820 to collect temperature signal, and using software method for temperature correction.Wireless transmission module. Wireless transceiver is achieved by a single-chip RF transceiver nRF905. MCU and nRF905 realize data and commands interaction through the SPI interface.The typical application schematic is shown in Figure 4. The antenna part is 50 single-ended antenna.The communication frequency is 433MHz, and operating voltage is 3.3V. The value of resistors,capacitors and inductor is determined by the datasheet of nRF905.GSM short message unit. The interface circuit of TC35i and MCU is shown in Figure 5. Thecommunication between MCU and TC35i is via serial, and the rate is 9600bps. Communicationsmode is 8-bit asynchronous with a start bit, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit. But the serial input of TC35i requires CMOS level, and serial output of 89C52 requires TTL level. In order to achieve the voltage conversion the system use the way of resistors sharing voltage.Fig. 4 nRF905 Application SchematicFig. 5 TC35i and MCU interface circuitSoftware DesignThe software system includes data acquisition module, temperature compensation module, and wireless transceiver moduleWireless sending program. NRF905 data sending process is as follows:1) When having data to send, the microcontroller send the receivers address and the data to nRF905 chronologically by the SPI interface.Then placed the data to be transmitted into TxBuf register, send WTP command to write the data to TX-Payload register, and send WTA command to write TX address to the TX-Address register.2) The microcontroller set TRX_CE=1 and TX_EN=1 to stimulate nRF905 ShockBurstTM sending mode. When data transmission completed, the data ready pin is set high;3) Beacause of AUTO_RETRAN being high, the data of nRF905 is constantly re-issued untilTRX_CE=0.4) when TRX_CE pin is set low, means the data transmission completed and nRF905 enter idlemode.Wireless receiving program. NRF905 data receiving process is as follows:1) When TRX_CE = 1 and TX_EN = 0, nRF905 enters ShockBurstTM receive mode checking constantly and waiting for receiving data.2) When nRF905 detect the carrier having same frequency band, the carrier detect pin will be set high.3) When nRF905 receive a matched address, the address matches pin will be set high.4) When packet correctly received, the word head, address and CRC bits will automatically beremoved, and the data ready pin will be set high.5) MCU set TRX_CE to 0, and nRF905 enter to idle mode.6) When all the data received, nRF905 set data ready pin and address matching pin to 0, andnRF905 turn to shutdown mode or ShockBurstTM transmitmode and receive mode.Fig.6 Wireless data transmission flow chart Fig.7 Wireless data receiving flow SummaryDesigned an equipment to detect the concentration of combustible gas, which has wireless transceiver functions and can send the alarm information to users mobile promptly through GSM.Experimental results show that the devices have high precision, stability and reliability. It can meet most applications which need real-time monitoring of combustible gas concentration.References1 Liu S, Chen Q, Wang H G, eat. Electrical capacitance tomography for gas solids flowmeasurement for circulating fluidized beds J.Flow Measurement and Instrumentation，2005，16(2-3):135-144.2 TGS 813-for the Detection of Combustible Gases DB/OL.2009-08-12.3 Liu Wei, Chen HeXin， Zhang JunWei，etc. Intelligent control and alarm system based onTC35i. IEEE.2008 International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology(ISCSCT), Shanghai, 2008:80-83Manufacturing Process and Equipment10.4028//AMR.694-697Design of Combustible Gas Detection System Using Wireless Transmission Technology10.4028//AMR.694-697.1321译文使用无线的可燃气体检测系统的设计 传输技术石家庄大学的经济学，河北，中国关键词：TGS813，AT89S52单片机，DS18B20，nRF905，TC35i摘要；可燃气体检测装置是在所提出的工作设计，使用无线收发器和GSM网络。该系统实现了气体浓度的无线传输，也可以发送报警信息到用户的移动发生异常时。该系统由两部分组成：一个主和奴隶。奴隶的功能是收集数据，处理数据和过渡到主数据。主的任务是接收数据并通过LED显示。信号采集由传感器TGS813和A/D转换器TLC2543完成。无线传输是通过无线收发芯片nRF905实现。由于传感器的精度受环境的影响，采用DS18B20实现温度补偿。与无线通信模块TC35i模块和GSM网络平台，我们可以发送报警信息到用户的移动迅速。简介；气体检测广泛应用于石油，化工，冶金，家庭，商场，加油站和其他地方。目前，如何快速、准确地监测有害气体是一个重要的问题。虽然气体检测技术已经比较成熟，但大多数产品有许多不足之处，如功能单一，操作复杂，笨重，昂贵的和低灵敏度。无线通信技术在气体检测领域的应用，可以解决在特殊环境下的远程监控问题，如高温，低温，有毒气体无法布线。在工作中，可燃气体detectoris全功能（无线），简单，体积小，成本低，具有很高的灵敏度。该设备具有温度补偿算法，大大提高了系统的检测能力和精度，并能及时发送报警信息通过GSM网络到用户的手机上。系统的设计该系统由两部分组成，如图1所示图1系统总体框图下位机部分主要完成数据采集和无线传输。主控部分主要完成数据接收，显示和报警信息。气体浓度信号是由可燃气体传感器产生微弱电信号采集。信号可以被放大和调理电路的稳定。然后A/D转换电路将模拟信号转换为数字信号，单片机可以处理。为了提高测量精度，降低了温度的影响，设计了温度补偿电路采集温度数据。AT89S52处理收集到的数据和发送通过无线收发模块的主数据。主机接收数据并将其显示在LED。如果气体浓度异常，系统会发出报警信号并利用TC35I模块发送报警信息到用户的手机扬声器驱动。硬件设计信号采集和调理电路；图2显示了数据采集电路。是一个气敏电阻传感器TGS813。的电导率是由TGS813在空气中的可燃气体浓度的影响，浓度越大，较高的电导率。在系统R0，R9，R10和RS（在TGS813）形成一个桥电路将电阻的电压信号。运算放大器连接一个电阻R7和调节D1的电压跟随器组成的稳压电路为桥式供电。为了电压适应A/D转换器，电压通过运放B扩增和放大，可以通过调整电阻R11。图2气体浓度信号采集电路图3温度补偿电路温度补偿电路；RS电阻受温度的影响较大。为了提高系统的精度，结果必须进行温度补偿和温度校正。在系统中，利用温度传感器DS1820采集温度信号，和用于温度校正软件的方法。无线传输模块；无线收发器是单片射频收发器nRF905实现。单片机和nRF905实现数据和命令的交互通过SPI接口。典型应用示意图如图4所示。天线部分50单端天线。通信频率为433MHz，运行电压为3.3V。的电阻值，电容器和电感器是由nRF905芯片的数据表确定GSM短消息单元；TC35i和单片机的接口电路如图5所示。的communication between MCU and TC35i is via serial, and the rate is 9600bps. Communicationsmode is 8-bit asynchronous with a start bit, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit. But the serial input of TC35i requires CMOS level, and serial output of 89C52 requires TTL level. In order to achieve the voltage conversion the system use the way of resistors sharing voltage.单片机与TC35I之间的通信是通过串行，和速率是9600。communicationsmode是8位异步一个起始位，8位数据位，1位停止。但TC35i串行输入要求的CMOS电平，和89C52单片机的串行输出需要TTL电平。为了实现电压转换系统使用电阻共享电压的方式图4 nRF905应用示意图图5 TC35i模块与单片机的接口电路软件设计软件系统包括数据采集模块、温度补偿模块和无线收发模块无线发送程序，nRF905发送数据的过程如下：1）当有数据要发送，单片机把收信人的地址和数据以nRF905按时间顺序的SPI接口。然后把要发送的数据发送到发送缓冲器寄存器，WTP命令写入数据寄存器和发送TX的有效载荷，WTA命令写德克萨斯州TX地址寄存器地址。2）微控制器设置trx_ce = 1和tx_en = 1刺激shockbursttm nRF905发送方式。当数据传输完成后，数据准备好引脚设置高；3) Beacause of AUTO_RETRAN being high, the data of nRF905 is constantly re-issued until3）的auto_retran高因为，nRF905芯片的数据是不断地重新发布到TRX_CE=0.trx_ce = 0。4) when TRX_CE pin is set low, means the data transmission completed and nRF905 enter idlemode.4）当trx_ce引脚设置低，意味着数据传输完成，进入idlemode nRF905。无线接收程序，nRF905接收数据的过程如下：1）当TRX _这= 1和TX _ = 0，nRF905 enters shockbursttm receive模式不断和等待接收数据的检查2）当nRF905检测载体具有相同的频段，载波检测引脚将被设置高。3）当nRF905接收相匹配的地址，地址匹配引脚将被设置高。4）当分组正确接收，字头，地址和CRC比特将自动removed, and the data ready pin will be set high.除去，和数据准备好引脚将被设置高。5) MCU set TRX_CE to 0, and nRF905 enter to idle mode.5）设置为“0”trx_ce单片机和nRF905，进入空闲模式。6) When all the data received, nRF905 set data ready pin and address matching pin to 0, and6）当接收的所有数据集，nRF905的数据准备好