毕业论文-光传输网性能优化与仿真研究.doc

武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院 毕业设计（论文）毕业设计（论文） 光传输网性能优化与仿真研究光传输网性能优化与仿真研究 学生姓名 学 号 专业班级 指导教师 2013 年年 5 月月 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 摘摘 要要 随着电信业市场的竞争日益加剧，促使电信经营者越来越关注网络质量和安 全。传输网络是保障整个网络质量的基础，经过多期大规模建设和扩容，网络中 存在的问题逐渐显示出来，网络优化成为提高网络质量的唯一途径。 对现有传输网络进行优化，就是在现有传输网络上进行数据采集和评估分析， 通过深入分析网络现状和业务模型，从承载业务类型及流量模式和带宽分配、网 络资源利用、网络安全、光纤和管道资源风险、维护故障分析等诸多方面，提出 优化整改方案。从而达到以下目的：（1）提高网络资源利用率；（2）增加网络 容量，解决网络瓶颈问题；（3）使之承载的业务更丰富；（4）提高网络的安全 性，降低维护成本；（5）使管理更为便捷。 本论文在讨论网络性能优化的必要性以及网络优化实施方案的基础上，探 讨了传输网络性能优化的关键问题，包括对网络结构、同步方案、网络生存性 和多业务支持能力的优化；随后以某地传输网为例，分析了其在网络结构、同 步方案、网络生存性和网管系统现状等方面存在的问题，明确了了对网络性能 进行优化的基本思路并提出了可行的优化改造方案。通过网络性能仿真研究， 表明优化后的网络容量、资源利用率和多业务能力得到显著的提高，网络服务 质量得到改善，可满足当前和未来五年内的业务发展需求。 关键词：关键词：光传输网；性能优化；性能仿真；自动交换光网络 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） Abstract The competition in the telecommunication market has become more and more fierce, which cause a result that the service provider pay more attention to the quality and the security of the network. The transmission network is the foundation of the whole communication network, but due to the mass construction earlier, the shortcomings are getting more and clearer, and the network optimization is the only way to solve the problem. Optimization on the existing transmission network is to estimate and analyze collection data on the network. By in-depth analyses on current network architecture and service model, it puts forward an entire optimization solution on aspects of bore service types, traffic model, bandwidth allocation, network resource efficiency, network security , optic fiber and channel resource risks as well as maintenance and fault analyses. The solution settles the following issues: (1) advancing network resource efficiency; (2) increasing network capacity for its bottleneck; (3) enriching the bore service types; (4) improving network security and decreasing maintenance cost; (5) making network management more convenient. Based on the discussion of necessity of network performance optimization and employment scheme of network optimization, this thesis first studied on the key issues about network optimization, including optimization of network structure, synchronous scheme, network survivability and capability of multi service supporting. Then （略） technologies after network optimization, and the results show that the indexes meet the requirements of present and future 5 years. Key Words： Optical transmission network; Performance optimization; Performance simulation; ASON (Automatic Switched Transport Network) 目目 录录 第第 1 章章 绪论绪论1 1.1 国内外光传输网发展现状及趋势1 1.2 本论文的研究内容1 第第 2 章章 某地光传输网的现状及存在的问题分析某地光传输网的现状及存在的问题分析2 2.1 光缆及管道现状2 2.2 网络与业务负荷现状3 2.2.1 核心层传输系统现状.3 2.2.2 汇聚层传输系统现状.4 （略） 第第 6 章章 总结与展望总结与展望5 参考文献参考文献6 致谢致谢7 附录附录 主要英文缩写语对照表主要英文缩写语对照表8 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 1 第第 1 章章 绪论绪论 传输网是为各类业务网提供业务信息传送手段的基础设施，是通信网的重要 组成部分，传输网的好坏直接制约着通信网的发展。现在各运营商的本地传输网 经过近几年的快速发展已初具规模，为各项业务的开展提供了必要的通道，但也 存在着一些问题。本章对国内外光传输网的发展现状及趋势作了介绍，通过分析 目前光传输网存在的问题，提出了光网络优化的必要性。同时对本课题的研究目 的、意义、主要内容及创新点作出了说明。 1.11.1 国内外光传输网发展现状及趋势国内外光传输网发展现状及趋势 新一代电信传输网，是电信传输网络发展的一个新的阶段，是以多波长光传 输为主要手段、以 IP 业务为主要传输业务（在相当长时间内是 IP 业务和 TDM 业务共存） 、以 ASON 为目标的智能光传输网络。它是下一代电信网络的重要组 成部分，能够以其高度智能、高度开放、高度生存性一高度可管理性来支撑下一 代电信网。 基于 SDH 的多业务传送节点（简称 MSTP） ，在 SDH 原有的 TDM 业务接入 和交叉连接的基础上，增加了 ATM、以太网等数据业务的接入、交换、统计复 用和传送等功能，并提供多种业务接口和统一的网络管理能力的多业务节点。国 外也将 MSTP 称为多业务提供平台（Multi-Service Providing Platform，MSPP） 。 MSTP 通过将传输层和数据链路层甚至网络层功能集成在一个设备中，并进行优 化设计，功能上相当于现有的“SDH+ATM 交换机（或以太网交换机） ” ，在一个 机架内包括 SDH 的 ADM/DXC 功能、以太网交换机、ATM 交换机等多种功能1。 1.21.2 本论文的研究内容本论文的研究内容 （下文略） 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 2 第第 2 章章 某地光传输网某地光传输网的现状及存在的问题分析的现状及存在的问题分析 网络评估作为网络优化的第一步，工作范围包括通过对原有网络进行数据采 集、现场检查，并对网络组网合理性、业务发展需求进行掌握和分析，同时和客 户保持双向沟通，良性互动，提出适合客户网络发展的优化建议。 本次光网络评估优化重点是通过对网络资源和组网的评估，通过一系列的指 标的比较，对全网进行详细的了解和把握，找出其中存在的瓶颈和风险点，并在 此基础上提出切实可行的网络优化实施方案，为网络的后期发展、优化提供全面、 系统的数据参考。 某地移动本地网主要为 GSM/GPRS 移动基站提供 2M 电路服务，另外提供一 些企业、网吧等大客户接入、内部办公自动化、营业厅计费等服务、以及少量机 房监控等通道服务。整个网络中心交换机房主要是电信局机房和移动公司机房， 两个节点完成了除少数大客户接入外的所有业务终结。而且由于移动基站建设的 渐进性，每个接入环，并且绝大部分接入节点的业务通道都向到两个中心节点开 放。 2.12.1 光缆及管道现状光缆及管道现状 某地传输网拓扑图如图 2.1 所示。 STM-16 STM-4 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 C-4 C-1 C-3 STM-16 A-1A-2 C-2 图图 2.2.1 1 某地传输网拓扑图某地传输网拓扑图 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 3 经过前期的大力建设，某地传输网已经敷设 G.652 光缆共计 1451.53 公里； 通信管道集中在市区，共建 65.36 公里，具体情况如表 2.1 所示。 其存在的问题主要为：部分光缆存在较长距离的架空，部分郊区光缆直埋较 浅，网络安全性存在很大的隐患；存在汇聚层和接入层混用一条光缆的情况，由 于接入层需要经常增加节点，网络调整频繁，若在施工中出现问题，会导致汇聚 层的瘫痪。 表表 2.2.1 1 某地传输网光缆状况统计表某地传输网光缆状况统计表 （单位：（单位：km） 光缆芯数光缆芯数直埋直埋架空架空管道管道总计总计 813.613.6 1256.856.8 16586.565.8652.3 2498.698.6 36467.478.9546.3 4037.837.8 4845.845.87 合计1306.665.878.91451.5 依据 ITU-T 建议 G.957 的最坏值计算法2，光功率的计算为 （2.1）0)()()( mia gP （下文略） 2.22.2 网络与业务负荷现状网络与业务负荷现状 2.2.1 核心层传输系统现状核心层传输系统现状 某地传输网络，由核心层、汇聚层和接入层三部分组成。核心层由两端 2.5G 设备组成，用于 VC4 及 VC4 级别以上业务的调度。汇聚层中，环 B 为 2.5G 两纤 复用段保护环，主要承载 B-2、B-3、B-4 至核心节点 B-1、B-5 BSC 间的电路， 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 4 为本地汇聚系统；环 C 为 622M 两纤复用段保护环，主要承载城区各 BTS 至核心 节点 C-1 BSC 间的电路，为本地汇聚系统。该网络就充分体现了集中汇聚型业务 的特点。接入层以 155M 设备为主，接入层的电路业务全部进行集中汇聚到中心 业务站点，这样可以较为方便的实现网络业务的及时开通和拓展。 其中 A-1、B-1 和 C-1 在一个机房，A-2 和 B-5 在一个机房，按照分层的概念 把上述网络分为三个层次进行分析： 1网络资源利用率网络资源利用率 A-1 到 A-2 之间系统最大容量可满足两节点间开通 16STM-1，目前己开通 6 个 632M 电路，系统资源占用率 37.5%,冗余度 62.5%。 （1）汇聚层节点的选择。一般依据地理区域的分布或行政区域的划分将本 地传输网分为若干个汇聚区，选择一些机房条件好、业务发展潜力大、可辐射其 他节点的站点设置汇聚点。建议以县（包括县级市）为汇聚区，在县辖区内选择 重点镇作为汇聚点； （2）汇聚环上节点数量的调整，节点数不宜太多，一般为 46 个； （3）汇聚层可以采用 2 纤或 4 纤的复用段保护环或通道保护环，传输速率 建议为 2.5Gbit/s 或 10Gbit/s。对于平均分配的业务，可以采用 2 纤或 4 纤的复用 段保护环。如果有汇聚型的业务，则 2 纤通道保护环在业务配置和调度、保护倒 换等方面都比复用段保护环简单和容易，更适合在汇聚型的业务中使用13。 2网络存在的问题网络存在的问题 核心层所承载的电路主要是 MSC,BSC 间的电路，现已开通 378 个 2M 电路。 从系统承载的电路类型看，对系统安全性的要求极高，从系统的保护方式及冗余 度看，日前网络的安全性处于优良状态，但是，由于所承载电路的重要性，仍要 考虑在其他层面提供本系统的备份路由，以更好的保证所承载电路的安全性。 2.2.2 汇聚层传输系统现状汇聚层传输系统现状 （下文略） 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 5 第第 6 章章 总结与展望总结与展望 本文对某地传输网的现状和存在的问题从网络结构、网络同步和网管系统方 面进行了分析研究，针对某地传输网的实际需求，制定了适合当地传输网优化建 设的方案，分析结果表明，本地传输网优化方案很好的解决了本地传输网的实际 问题。 本论文完成的主要工作有： （1）在明确网络优化的概念的基础上，对网络的拓扑结构、同步、生存性 和对多业务的支持等网络优化中的关键问题进行了讨论和分析； （2）以某地传输网为例，针对现有网络在拓扑结构、资源利用率、时钟同 步和网管系统方面存在的问题，阐明了进行网络性能优化的必要性，并提出了可 行的优化改造方案； （3）对优化后的网络性能进行了仿真研究，表明优化后的网络容量、资源 利用率和多业务能力得到显著的提高，网络服务质量得到改善。 本论文还存在以下不足， 对于网络性能的探讨仅以业务质量、即误码率作 为衡量的指标，而未探讨光层的性能，如光功率、波长以及光信噪比等。此外， 随着对多业务平台开发和研究的进一步深化，多业务平台的智能化也被提到议事 日程上来，而本文对网络的智能化未作深入探讨。 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 6 参考文献参考文献 1 2 3 4 5 （略） 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 7 致谢致谢 时间飞逝，大学的学习生活很快就要过去，在这四年的学习生活中，收获了 很多，而这些成绩的取得是和一直关心帮助我的人分不开的。 （略） 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 8 附录附录 主要英文缩写语对照表主要英文缩写语对照表 缩略语缩略语中文全称中文全称英文全称英文全称 ADM分插复用器Add/Drop Multiplexer ASON自动交换光网络Automatic Switched Transport Network BITS大楼综合定时供给Building Integrated Timing Supply DXC数字交叉连接Digital Cross Connect MSTP 多业务传送平台Multi Service Transport Platform SDH同步数字体系Synchronous Digital Hierarchy STM同步传送模块Synchronous Transport Module 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 9 为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O 谢谢！谢谢！A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest Chinas Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansus Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2015. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horse-drawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2014. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as Alma-Ata, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to complete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2016. Then they will come back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54-year-old was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in 1975.He says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. “I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 80s. We sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. The sky was blue, and we couldnt help but sing the folk songs,“ Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. “The nomadic people were very excited about our visits,“ Nasun recalls. “We didnt have a formal stage. The audience just sat on the grass. Usually, the performances became a big party with local people joining in.“ For him, the rewarding part about touring isnt just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as “red burgeon“, and todays performers of the troupe still tour the regions villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijings Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troupe. “Being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of Inner Mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged,“ Nasun, the art troupes president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast Chinas Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numbers. Now, every year, Nasun recruits young singers and dancers for the troupe. The troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of Mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has combined contemporary musical elements with folk songs of the region. Haimu, a 25-year- old khoomei (a local variant of overtone singing) singer, joined the troupe three years ago. Along with a six- member band, he performs fast songs and soft ones that he writesall while playing the horse-head fiddle.“Although I learned the piano since childhood and grew up listening to various kinds of music, to me, the folk music of Inner Mongolia is the root,“ he says. “Performing in remote villages is pleasant. I feel at home on the boundless grasslands, and the warm people there make me feel fulfilled.“ The first round of spring auction season in Beijing ended last week, but it failed to create much spring in the art market. Although two pieces of Chinese painting fetched more than 100 million yuan, the decline in trading volume and sale rate showed a downturn this year. In the “Grand View: Chinese Painting Highlight” session at China Guardian 2015 spring auctions, Pan Tianshous representative work Eagle, Rock and Flora hit a record auction price of 279 million yuan, while Li Kerans masterwork Jinggang Mountain fetched 126.5 million yuan, an unexpected high in recent years. However, the trading volume fells to 1.87 billion yuan from 2.22 billion yuan in the same period the year before. The Huangchen 2015 Spring Auctions, which recorded 42.5 million yuan in total sales, experienced the same. The section number went down to 5 from 12 compared to last year. According to expert Shao Jianwu, the art market did not attract much excitement this year due to the booming stock market and the persistent problems of forgery and fake deals. The two pieces of Chinese painting notched up high price this spring due to their own value not due to a revival in the market. “The successful transaction of two works with a hammer price of more than 100 million yuan once again confirms that valuable and rare works of high quality always earn the long-lasting high price. Chinese painting and calligraphy is still the pillar of the market. However, the overall sales rate has dropped slightly, which reflects the demand for the ordinary auction goods has weakened,” said the president of China Guardians Hu Yanyan. “Besides, the entry of new buyers also makes certain changes to the direction of purchasing. In a word, the overall market trend is very unpredictable. Although China Guardian 2015 Spring Auctions has achieved remarkable results, it does not mean that the market has walked out of the predicament. We still have to wait for the big economic boom to invigorate the art market.” Even so, the hot pursuit of some special items appeared this spring. A special session of China Guardian Spring Auctions titled “Fine GiltBronze Buddhist Images” achieved a great deal with total sales volume of 41.89 million yuan and 92 percent sale rate. The 5th Shamar Rinpoche Statue from 16-17th century of Tibet was sold for 5.06 million yuan. The Beijing Chengxuan Auctions featured almost 2,800 items of coins and stamps in three sessions with good sale rate. The Huachen Auctions also set a special session of photographs under the condition of large-scale decline of auction sessions. There was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that accompanied the return of the imperial entourage of Zhen Huan to her homeland. It followed a couple years of hushed excitement as Chinese fans were fed tidbits about their proud concubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the North American market. Zhen Huan is, of course, the title character of The Legend of Zhen Huan, a 2011 television series that swept China off its feet and later took other Asian countries by storm. Two years ago, it was reported that HBO, a premium cable service headquartered in the United States, was going to air it in North America after some modification. Now, a condensed version that provides English subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on Netflix for online streaming. This version, highly anticipated as a milestone in Chinas cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90- 武汉工程大学邮电与信息工程学院毕业设计（论文） 10 minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytime-soap- style narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the full-length version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. Whats lost, I believe, are the interesting setups and pauses that illuminate the Chinese art of storytelling. Much of the plot is still there. It is the flavor that was sacrificed. The American edition uses the framework of the Empress Dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of each episode, hinting at whats to come and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an uncomfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an English-speaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same person. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its endless inflections of names transliterated into lengthy Chinese. I see the choice of verbatim translation as an effort for conveying exotica. It is fairly competent, with no error that I could detect, but fails to rise above words or capture the essence of the language. A cultural product usually crosses over to a foreign territory first by an emphasis on the commonalities. But whether inside or outside China, the temptation to sell it for the differences is just too great. Sure, the sumptuous sets and costumes are a big attraction, but the narrative technique has becomehow shall I put it?a bit anglicized, which is necessary for cultural export. Judging by the responses, this legend, which, contrary to the claim of the English trailer, is totally fictitious, has departed from China but not yet landed on American shores. I am a big fan of Ralph Waldo Emersons essay titled Self-Reliance. If youve not yet read it, I strongly encourage you to do so. In this essay, the venerable Emerson talks about eschewing the trappings of society and finding ones own path. He urges the reader to find rectitude and lead a moral life. He professes that, only by being self reliant, as opposed to relying on the government and being dictated to by society, can one begin leading a decent and purposeful life. He avers that such a life is the only life worth living. I agree with him. This essay was written during a time of social upheaval in America, and it is rather odd that Emerson authored it, as he was a part of the upper crust of society at the time. It just so happened that he looked around him, at the indolence and the wantonness of the people in his circle; he wondered how in the world he came to belong there. Indeed