城市介绍中英文-北京.doc

城市介绍：北京城市特点Beijing is an ancient city with a long history. The long history leaves Beijing precious cultural treasure. Winding for several kilometers in Beijing area, the Great Wall is the only man-made structure that could been seen in the space. The Summer Palace is a classic composition of ancient royal gardens, and the Forbidden City is the largest royal palaces in the world. Tiantan is where the emperor used to fete their ancestors, and also the soul of Chinese ancient constructions. The four sites above has been confirmed world cultural heritage by UNESCO. However, the best representatives for Beijing are the vanishing Hutongs and square courtyards. Through hundreds of years, they have become symbol of Beijings life. Tiananmen square being still brilliant today with cloverleaf junctions and skyscrapers everywhere, the old-timey scene and modern culture are combined to present a brand new visage of Beijing. 北京是一个古老的城市,有悠久的历史。离开北京悠久的历史珍贵的文化财富。蜿蜒在北京地区有好几公里的长城。颐和园是一个经典的古代皇家园林,故宫是世界上规模最大的皇家宫殿里。天坛是皇帝用来祭拜他们祖先的灵魂,也是中国古代建筑。以上四个已经证实列为世界文化遗产。但是,最好的代表为北京的胡同和四合院。经过几百年的时间里,他们已经成为北京的生活的象征。在天安门广场上依然灿烂的今天与苜蓿叶型交叉口和摩天大楼各处,和现代文化相结合,呈现出崭新的面貌的北京。地理位置Natural Geography: Beijing is located in the northern part of the North China Plain and its terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Major rivers flowing through the city include Yongding River, Chaobai River, Beiyun Canal and Juma River. With a typical continental warm temperate zone monsoon climate, Beijing has four distinct seasons. The average annual temperature at Beijing is around 12 degrees Centigrade while the average annual precipitation is 626 mm. Beijing is rich in mineral resources including coal, iron,copper, limestone and marble as well as relatively rich in the terrestrial heat resource.自然地理:北京坐落在北部地区,华北平原、它的地形是高的,在一个较低的地区,一个是西北,东南地区。主要河流流经这座城市包括永定河、潮白河、北运河和爱丽河。与一典型大陆暖温带季风气候,北京拥有四季分明。在北京的年平均温度约12摄氏度而平均年降水量是626毫米。北京是丰富的矿产资源,包括煤、铁、铜、石灰石、大理石以及相对丰富的地热资源。文化特色四合院Foreign visitors often think siheyuan is bungalow, actually it is not bungalow. It is traditional graceful chinese building. A standard Siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides, and the house which stands at the north end and faces athe south is called the main house or north house. The ones on both sides are called side houses, and the one shich stands at the south end and faces north is called oopposite house or south house.The Siheyuan s gate is usually at the southeastern corner according to the traditional concepts of the five elements that were believed to compose the universe, and the eight diagrams of divination. Normally there is a screen-wall inside the gate so that outsiders cannot see directly into the courtyard and it is also believed to protect the house from evil spirits. Outside the gate of some large siheyuan, there is a pair of stone lions on each side. Such a residence offers space, comfort and quiet privacy. It is also good for security as well as protection against dust and storms.The gates are usually painted vermilion and have large copper door rings. Usually a whole family lives in one compound. The elder generation lives in the main house, the younger generation live in the side houses, and the south house is usually their sitting room or study.外国游客经常认为四合院是平房,实际上它不是平房。这是传统的优雅的中国建筑。一个标准的四合院通常是由在它的四周的房屋,并且房子坐落在北边尽头,面临着雅典南部被称为主要房子或北屋。在双方的被称为侧的住宅,一个厂商的南端,站在oopposite朝北的房子去,或者叫做南的房子。 s门的四合院,在东南部角落通常是按照传统观念中,五种元素被认为构成宇宙,和八卦的预言一样。里面有一个screen-wall通常大门,以便外人无法直接观察到这个院子里,它也被认为可以保护我们的房子被恶鬼附著的。在门外的一些大型四合院,有一对石狮子,每一边的。这样的一个住宅提供空间,舒适、平静的隐私。它也有利于安全以及保护,防止灰尘和风暴。盖茨通常粉刷成楼房是丹色油漆门和有大的铜环。通常一个完整的家庭住在一个化合物。年长的一代就住在主要房间里,年轻的一代生活在身边的住宅,南的房子通常是他们的客厅或书房。风景名胜长城 the Great Wall 故宫(紫禁城) the Palace Museum( the Forbidden City)人民大会堂 Great Hall of the People颐和园 the Summer Palace香山 the Fragrant Hill天安门广场 Tian An Men Square人民英雄纪念碑 Monument to the Peoples heroes毛主席纪念堂 the Memorial Hall to Chairman Mao天坛 the Temple of Heaven北海公园Beihai Park亚运村 Asian Games Village首都机场 the Capital Airport民族文化馆 the Nationalities Cultural Palace北京动物园 Beijing Zoo首都体育馆 the Capital Gymnasium中国人民历史博物馆 Museum of Chinese History and the Chinese Revolution中国人民革命军事博物馆 Military Museum of the Chinese Peoples Revolution农业展览馆 the Agriculture Exhibition Hall中国美术馆 the Chinese Art Gallery雍和宫 the Yonghegong Lama Buddhist Temple十三陵 the Ming TombsThe Great Wall at Badaling八达岭长城The Great Wall was the greatest manmade military defense structure in ancient China. Its construction started during Ancient Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring Stated Period (770-221 B.C.) At that time, walls were built by some warring states to protect their own territories. In 221 B.C., Qin Shihuang, who became the first emperor of a unified China, linked the separate walls into a ten-thousand-li wall to defend against invaders from the North. From then on, the Great Wall was continuously extended and repaired by following dynasties. Most of wall has deteriorated badly; at present, the best preserved is the wall built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).The Ming Dynasty Wall stretches from the Yalu River in Liaoning Province in the east to Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu Province in the west, a length of more than 6,000 kilometers. It runs through 5 provinces, 2 autonomous regions and 2 municipalities in the Northern China. The Great Wall at Badaling is the best representative section of the Great Wall. It is more than 7 meters high and 5 meters wide. It was the strategic point of Juyongguan Pass in ancient times. Many other fortresses and beacon towers were constructed at the strategic points.八达岭长城长城是最大的人造结构在中国古代军事防御。它的建设开始在古代春秋时期和战国时期(公元前770-221陈述)在那个时候,墙壁建立一些战国来保护他们自己的领土。公元前221年,秦始皇,成为了第一个皇帝的一个统一的中国,联系起来的墙壁变成一个独立ten-thousand-li睡不着觉的墙以抵御入侵者会睡不着觉的从北而倾。从那时起,长城又被不断扩展和修复由以下两代。大多数的墙已经恶化得厉害;目前,保存最完好的那面墙,建于明朝(1368 - 1644)。明朝从鸭绿江墙延伸为辽宁东部,当日通过甘肃省在西方,一个长超过6000公里。贯穿五省,自治区,直辖市2 2在中国北部。八达岭长城是最好的代表段长城。它是超过7米高,宽5米。这是战略要地的观赏居庸关通过在远古时代。许多其他的要塞和灯塔建造工程,塔楼的战略要点。The Palace Museum 故宫博物馆Built from 1406-1420 during the Ming Dynasty, the Imperial Palace, popularly known as the Forbidden City, was the permanent residence of the emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368-1911). It covers over 720,000 square meters of floor space, with more than 8,700 rooms, surrounded by city wall as high as ten meters and a city moat as wide as 52 meters. It can be divided into the front and the back parts. The front part or the Outer Court where emperors held important ceremonies consists of the three great halls of Tai He Dian, Zhong He Dian and Bao He Dian, which form the main body, and Wen Hua Dian and Wu Ying Dian, which are arrayed like wings on the sides. The back part or the Inner Court, where emperors handled routine state affairs and lived with their wives and concubines, consists of Qian Qing Gong, Jiao Tai Dian, Kun Ning Gong, Yang Xin Dian as well as six east and west palaces and the imperial garden-Yu Hua Yuan.The Imperial Palace is the largest and most complete ancient imperial complex so well preserved in China. It embodies collectively ancient Chinese traditions and architectural art. In 1961, it was proclaimed an important cultural site under state protection, and was listed as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 1987. 故宫博物馆建成了从1406-1420明朝期间,故宫,通常被称为“紫禁城,是永久居住地的皇帝,明清时期袖()。它涵盖72万平方米的面积,以超过8700名间客房,包围城墙高达10米,护城河边宽52米。它可以分为正面的和背面的部分。前面的部分或外院皇帝举行重要庆典包括在这三次大的厅堂里的大他他掂量掂量,钟先生和他滇、构成主体,和温家宝和吴英掂量掂量华欣,摆阵像翅膀两边。后面的部分或内院,在那里皇帝处理日常国家事务,住在他们的妻子和妾,由黔滇青宫、交通、昆山大宁宫、杨鑫滇以及六东方和西方的宫殿和御花园余华元。故宫是最大、保存最完整的皇家建筑群这么好保存古代在中国。它体现了中国古代传统的集体和建筑艺术。1961年10月30日,它宣布成立一个重要的文化遗址在国家保护,并被列入世界文化遗产。1987年被联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)Yuanmingyuan 圆明园Yuanmingyuan, located in the northwestern suburbs of Beijing next to the Summer Palace, is a theme park with particular historic meaning renovated on the ruins of the famous imperial garden in the Qing Dynasty.Yuanmingyuan was composed of three separate gardens: Yuanmingyuan (Garden of Perfect Splendor), Changchunyuan (Garden of Eternal Spring), Qichunyuan (Garden of Blossoming Spring). It covers an area of about 350 hectares with scenic spots up to one hundred. In 1707 the Qing Emperor Kangxi built the first garden on this site. In the next 150 years through the reigns of other five emperorsYongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfengthe garden was constantly expanded to be the largest imperial garden in the world at the time. The builders of Yuanmingyuan not only inherited and developed the traditional gardening art of China by reproducing many famous natural scenes and gardens south of the Yuangtze River, but also introduced some European horticultural techniques. Streams and lakes enlivened the gardens hills. The man-made landscapes looked very natural. During its heyday the Europeans extolled it as the Garden of Gardens and Versailles of the East. Unfortunately this wonder of human civilization was sacked, looted and burned to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in October 1860.圆明园,位于北京西北郊区,下到颐和园是一个主题公园与特定的历史意义翻新的废墟上著名的皇家园林在清朝。圆明园是由三个独立的花园:圆明园(花园),仿建的完美光彩永恒的春天(花园),Qichunyuan花园朵朵(1)。它占地约350公顷,景点多达一百。清康熙在1707年后第一次建立了花园在这个地点上。在以后的150年,通过自Yongzheng其他五位皇帝、乾隆、嘉庆睡不着,汉学与先锋睡不着觉的不断扩大the花园可能是规模最大的皇家园林是世界上的时间。圆明园的建造者不仅继承并发展了中国传统造园艺术的再现许多著名的自然景观和园林Yuangtze南部的河,但也会介绍一些欧洲园艺技术。溪流、湖泊及库区花园的丘陵。人造景观看起来很自然。在其鼎盛时期欧洲人赞美它作为的睡不着觉的花园,花园不着睡不着觉睡不着觉的凡尔赛宫的东方。不幸的是这种睡不着觉睡不着觉的奇妙之人类文明被解雇,烧杀抢掠到地面的英法联军部队在1860年10月。传统艺术北京京剧Beijing opera or Peking opera (simplified Chinese: 京剧; traditional Chinese: 京剧; pinyin: Jngj) is a form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performance troupes are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south. The art form is also enjoyed in Taiwan, where it is known as Guoju (国剧; pinyin: Guj). It has also spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan.Beijing opera features four main types of performers. Performing troupes often have several of each variety, as well as numerous secondary and tertiary performers. With their elaborate and colorful costumes, performers are the only focal points on Beijing operas characteristically sparse stage. They utilize the skills of speech, song, dance, and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic. Above all else, the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements. Performers also adhere to a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production. The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music. The music of Beijing opera can be divided into the Xipi and Erhuang styles. Melodies include arias, fixed-tune melodies, and percussion patterns. The repertoire of Beijing opera includes over 1,400 works, which are based on Chinese history, folklore, and, increasingly, contemporary life.In recent years, Beijing opera has attempted numerous reforms in response to sagging audience numbers. These reforms, which include improving performance quality, adapting new performance elements, and performing new and original plays, have met with mixed success. Some Western works have been adopted as new plays, but a lack of funding and an adverse political climate have left Beijing operas fate uncertain as the form enters the 21st century.京剧或京剧(简体中文:京剧,京剧;中国传统:拼音:Jngju)是一种中国传统剧场,结合了音乐、声乐表演,哑剧,舞蹈和杂技。它兴起于18世纪晚期,成为全面发展和认可的mid-19th世纪。在当时非常流行的形式在清朝宫廷和逐渐被认为是中国的文化瑰宝。主要表现为基础的剧团在北京和天津在北方,和上海在南方。这种艺术形式也喜欢在台湾,在它被称为Guoju;拼音:Guoju(国剧)。它也已扩散到其他国家,如美国和日本。京剧里有四种主要的表演者。表演团体经常有几个各品种的,还有大量的二、三表演者。与他们的精心和服饰的色彩、表演者是唯一重点京剧的特征性改变稀疏的阶段。他们利用技能的言语、歌、舞,以及战斗在动作,是象征性的意义,并且暗示,而不是现实。比什么都重要,表演者进行评估的技巧根据他们的动作的美。表演者也坚持各种文体惯例或协定,以帮助观众浏览情节的生产。在每一层的意义必须被表达在运动时间和音乐。京剧的音乐可以分为Xipi和Erhuang风格。阿里,fixed-tune旋律包括旋律、和打击乐的模式。京剧的剧目,其中收藏了超过1400作品是基于中国历史、民俗,并且,逐渐地,现代的生活。近年来,京剧改革尝试了无数观众回应下垂的数量。这些改革计划,其中包括提高演出质量,使之适应新性能的元素,以及执行新的和原来的剧本,却遇到了混合的成功。西方的一些作品所采用的新剧本,但因资金短缺的和不利的政治气候下留下了京剧的命运不确定的形式进入21世纪。北京小吃北京烤鸭travelers to Peking shouldnt miss trying the Peking Roasted Duck. To enjoy the famous duck, the restaurant Quan Ju De is the best choice for you. It has multiple outlets in Peking (Beijing). The old restaurant first opened in 1860. The duck here is said to be the best in Peking, and the service is very good as well. Before you take up the menu, you might want to know more about how Peking Roasted Duck is made and how it is served. The ducks are raised for the sole purpose of making the food. Force-fed, they are kept in cages which restrain them from moving about, so as to fatten them up and make the meat comparably tender. Peking Roasted Duck is processed in several steps: first the ducks are rubbed with spices, salt and sugar, and then kept hung in the air for some time. Then the ducks are roasted in an oven, or hung over the fire till they become brown with rich grease perspiring outside and have a nice odor.来北京不能错过的北京烤鸭,尝试。欣赏著名的鸭子,餐厅全聚德是你最好的选择。它有多个网点在北京(北京)。老餐馆开了第1860年。鸭子在这里被认为是最好的在北京,服务也很好。你要拿起菜单之前,你可能想知道更多关于如何是由北京烤鸭,以及它是如何服务。鸭子的复活的唯一目的,就是要使食物。Force-fed,它们是关在笼子里,禁止他们到处走动,以充实他们的身体,使肉麽温柔。北京烤鸭,加工几个步骤:首先,鸭子是要擦加上香、盐及糖,然后继续挂在空中一段时间。然后鸭子烤在炉子上,或挂在火上,直到他们变成棕色,有着丰富的油脂出汗外,过一个愉快的气味。Peking Duck is always served in well-cut slices. The whole duck must be sliced into 120 pieces and every piece has to be perfect with the complete layers of the meat. Normally there are many dishes served with the duck, including a dish of fine-cut shallot bars, a dish of cucumber bars and finally a dish of paste-like soy of fermented wheat flour. Without these the dainty duck is surely in the shade. When first served Peking Duck I hesitated to take up my chopsticks, not knowing what to begin with. There is a knack to it: first, pick up a slice of duck with the help of a pair of chopsticks and dip it into the soy paste. Next, lay it on the top of a thin cake and add some bars of cucumber and shallot. Finally, wrap the stuff into a bundle with the sheet cake (a thin pancake). The real secret of Peking ducks flavor lies in your carefully nibbling away at the mixture. You will find all the different ingredients very compatible. Of course, beer is the popular drink for the dinner. It helps to fade away the greasiness of the duck. But it is not necessary to order extra soup, for the duck-bone soup is always included in your order. It will be served as the rear dish for the dinner. In my four visits to the different duck restaurants of Quan Ju De, I found the services there were always quite good. And the price of the duck there was quite moderate-400 RMB Yuan for a duck feast. Furthermore, the clean and well-decorated rooms and the character of the waiters and waitresses impressed me quite deeply. Wheres my next restaurant to enjoy the Peking Roasted Duck? you may ask. Quan Ju De would surely be my answer. I hope you will enjoy the delicacy of the Roasted Duck on your next visit to Peking. But dont forget to practice dealing with chopsticks before you enter Quan Ju De. However, tips for the service are not necessary in Chinese restaurants, although a pair of chopsticks ers to Peking shouldnt miss trying the Peking Roasted Duck. To enjoy the famous duck, the restaurant Quan Ju De is the best choice for you. It has multiple outlets in Peking (Beijing). The old restaurant first opened in 1860. The duck here is said to be the best in Peking, and the service is very good as well. Before you take up the menu, you might want to know more about how Peking Roasted Duck is made and how it is served. The ducks are raised for the sole purpose of making the food. Force-fed, they are kept in cages which restrain them from moving about, so as to fatten them up and make the meat comparably tender. Peking Roasted Duck is processed in several steps: first the ducks are rubbed with spices, salt and sugar, and then kept hung in the air for some time. Then the ducks are roasted in an oven, or hung over the fire till they become brown with rich grease perspiring outside and have a nice odor.Peking Duck is always served