英文写作基础——动词.doc

英文写作基础动词一. 教学内容：英文写作基础动词引言 写作的基础是词汇。词汇是表达思想的基本要素。按照大纲要求，高中毕业应掌握2000左右词汇。我们可以将这些词汇分类，找出最常用的几百个。对于这几百个词汇，要做到四会，即听得懂，说得出，会认读，能拼写。 学习一个词汇不仅要知道它的意义，而且要知道它的词性。英文中有名词，动词，形容词，副词，介词，冠词和连词。动词 文章是由句子组成的。每一个句子都少不了谓语。而担任谓语的是动词。对于一个很活跃的动词，我们应该掌握以下几个方面：一. 准确的读音和拼写听得懂，说得出是写作的基础。只有掌握了正确读音，才能做到这一点。只有正确的拼写才能准确无误地传达信息。太多的拼写错误会影响书面表达的得分。二. 基本意义三. 常用其它意义除了基本意义之外，这些词在其它语境中还会有不同的意义，有自己的使用范畴。因此，只掌握基本意义是不够的。四. 常见搭配我们所说的搭配，不仅包括动词与介词副词的搭配，而且包括与名词搭配的意义。以动词make为例。make的基本意义是“制作”，而make beds意思是“整理床铺”，make use of意思是“利用”，make money挣钱，make a fortune: “发财”，make faces“做鬼脸”等等。五. 过去式与过去分词在书面表达中很少用到一般现在时，除非是表示规律性和反复发生的动作，当涉及时态时，就会用到动词的过去式过去分词和现在分词等形式。因此，熟练掌握一些常用不规则动词的过去式和过去分词是非常必要的。这里，我们为同学们列出书面表达中经常使用的一些动词的形式。为了记忆方便，将它们分成AAA，ABB，AAB，ABA和ABC五种形式。一个字母代表一种形式。AAA: cut, set, cost, hurt, let, put, set, shut, spread, readABB: bend bent bent bring brought brought build built built burn burnt burnt buy bought bought catch caught caught deal dealt dealt feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found get got got hang hung hung (挂)have had had hear- heard heard hide hid hid hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led leave left leftlend lent lent light lit lit lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid say said said sell sold sold send sent sent shine shone shone shoot shot shot sit sat sat sleep slept slept spend spent spent stand stood stood stick stuck stuck sweep swept sweptteach taught taught tell told told think thought thought understand understood understood win won won AAB:beat beat beatenABA:become became become come came come run ran run ABC:bear bore born begin began begun bite bit bitten blow blew blown break broke broken do did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallenfly flew flown forbid forbade forbiddenforgive forgave forgiven give gave given forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen go went gone grow grew grown know knew known lie lay lain ride rode riddenring rang rung rise rose risen see saw seen shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunkspeak spoke spoken steal stole stolenswear swore swornswim swam swum take took taken tear tore torn throw threw thrown wake woke woken wear wore worn write wrote written 六. 及物动词与不及物动词英语动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。这一点与中文差别较大。表达同样的意思时，中文可以接宾语，而英文却不行，需要更换另一个及物动词，或接介词。这种现象是很常见的。如：arrive(vi.) / reach( vt. ): When did you reach the top of the mountain? When did you arrive at the top of the mountain?sit / seat : He is sitting in the sofa. He seated himself in the sofa. / He is seated in the sofa. lie / lay: He was lying in bed. He laid himself in bed.rise / raise: The prices keep rising. I raised my voice but still couldnt make myself heard.listen / hear: I asked him to listen to me carefully. Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. But I cant hear anything.look / see: We looked at each other and smiled. Then I saw something strange.此外，常用不及物动词：come, go, run, walk, work, live, stay, sleep, travel, fight (against), think (of / about), speak (to)(speak English除外)，talk (to, with), happen, take place, break out, appear, agree (with), belong (to), insist (on), die, fail, succeed (in), knock (at), reply (to), rush, wait (for), worry (about)七. 后接宾语的形式 在及物动词中，有些后面要求接不定式作宾语，有些要求接动词的 ing 形式。要分类记忆。v. + to do 1. wish to do2. hope to do 3. promise to do4. decide to do 5. refuse to do6. agree to do 7. expect to do8. manage to do 9. fail to do10. prefer to do 11. plan to do 12. want to do 13. ought to do14. have to do 15. used to do/be used to do 16. seem to do 17. would like to do18. in order to do 19. so as to do20. set out to do 21. make up ones mind to do22. It takes sb. some time to do23. be going to do24. be about to do25. happen to do26. pretend to do/to have done/to be doing 27. be thought/believed /said /reported to do28. have no choice but to dov. + doing 1. enjoy doing 2. risk doing 3. avoid doing4. keep doing 5. practise doing 6. suggest doing / sb.s doing / that sb. (should) do 7. miss doing8. finish doing 9. allow / permit doing 10. delay doing 11. resist doing 12. consider doing13. mind doing / sb.s doing / if sb. do 14. imagine doing 15. deny doing八. 瞬时动词 有些动作瞬间发生，不能延续。如：die, begin, start, join, enter, arrive, borrow, lend, buy, marry等等。I have arrived in Beijing for two days.（）I have been in Beijing for two days. （）How long may I borrow the book? （）How long may I keep the book? （）They have married for ten years. （）They have been married for ten years. （）The film has begun for ten minutes.（）The film has been on for ten minutes. （）How long have you bought the TV set? （）How long have you had the TV set? （）The writer has died for 2 years. （）The writer has been dead for 2 years. （）以take为例：I. 基本意思为：“拿走带走 ”。还有“花时间占据乘交通工具”等多种意义。不规则动词，过去式是took, 过去分词为taken。1. Dont forget to your raincoat with you when you go out. （带走）2. He was taken away by the police. （被动）3. Im sorry I took your bicycle by mistake. （拿）4. It took us three hours to do the operation. （花时间）5. If you my advice, youll have no trouble doing it. （采纳）6. Dont everything in the newspaper for granted. （认为）7. I like the red blouse. Ill it. （买）8. When are you taking your driving test?（参加）9. Why not a taxi? （乘）10. Take the medicine three times a day. （服药）11. 与某些名词连用，表示这个动作。 take a look = to look take a rest / (take a break) = to rest take a walk take a risk take a shower take a deep breath take advantage ofII. 常见搭配 take notes take ones temperature take care (of) take part (in) take an interest in take photos (of) take a seat take something as an example III. 常见的短语动词1. take away: All his belongings have been taken away from him.2.