高级英语复习.docx

Blackmail SentencesPara.18The words spat forth with sudden savagery, all pretense of blandness gone. Paraphrased sentence 7The words were uttered angrily and sharply with great contempt and sudden rudeness as if he were spitting, Ogilvie threw away all his pretended politeness. 他此时凶相毕露，先前装出的那副温和劲儿荡然无存。 (absolute structure)Para.19 The Duchess of Croydonthree centuries and a half of inbred arrogance behind herdid not yield easily.Paraphrased sentence 9The Duchess was supported by her arrogance coming from parents of noble families for more than 3 hundred years, so she did not give in easily. 克罗伊敦公爵夫人依仗着三个半世纪祖传下来的狂傲天性并没有轻易就范。Para. 20 Even the self-assurance of Ogilvie flickered for an instant.Paraphrased sentence11For a brief moment, Olgilvie felt unsure if his assumption about them was right.(But the moment was very short and passed quickly.)欧吉维虽有那股自信劲儿，也不禁为之一震。 Para. 75 The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.Paraphrased sentence 16The Duchess kept firm and tight control of her mind which is working quickly.克罗伊敦公爵夫人极力控制自己那如脱缰野马般的思绪。 (thinking quickly but at the same time keeping her thoughts under control)Para.75 her husband now a tense but passive spectator of the exchange between the evil fat man and herself. Paraphrased sentence 17her husband now watches nervously and anxiously , incapable of taking an active role in the deal between the Duchess and the vicious fat man. 在她与这个存心恶毒的肥佬之间的激烈交锋中，她的丈夫只当了一名紧张而被动的旁观者。(nominative absolute structure)Para.97 Her eyes were riveted on his face, her handsome, high-cheekboned features set in their most imperious mold.Paraphrased sentence 20Her eyes were fixed on his face firmly, and her handsome and high-cheeckboned features were set in a most arrogant and domineering manner.她目光紧紧盯住他的脸，同时她那漂亮、高颧骨的俏脸上展出一副霸道的神态。(second part of the sentence-nominaltive absolute construction with a noun) Para. 100 There must be no mistake, no vacillation or dallying because of her own smallness of mind.Paraphrased sentence22She mustnt make any mistakes in her plan, or waver in mind and show indecision or deal with the situation carelessly due to small-mindedness.(In other words, she had to take a big chance, to do something very daring, so she must be bold, resolute, decisive and rise to the occasion.)克罗伊敦公爵夫人知道，接下来的行动也许会是她一生中所作出的最重大的决定。决不能因自己的见识有限而出半点差错，决不能优柔寡断或举棋不定。 Para.100 When you were praying for the highest stakes, you made the highest bid.Paraphrased sentence 23When your reputation and career were at stake, you had to pay the highest price. 要想赢大钱，就得下大注。Para.100 She must do so in such a way as to place the outcome beyond any doubt.Paraphrased sentence 24She must offer him so much money as to make sure that Ogilvie would undoubtedly agree to do what she would ask him to do however dangerous it was. 她想利用这大肥佬的贪心大赌一场，而且恰到好处，使结果能保证万元一失。Vocabulary in BlackmailPara.1 Cryptic: adj. hidden, secret, mysterious, difficult to understandEg: He has issued a short, cryptic statement denying the spying charges. She made a cryptic comment about how the film mirrored her life Para.1 Fray: v. become strained and irritated 使紧张，烦躁Eg. This kind of life was beginning to fray her nerves.In the process of basketball contest, tempers began to fray as the two teams failed to score.Para.4 Sardonically: disdainfully, showing a feeling of being too good or important to consider a matter or person seriously, scornfully, cynically 嘲笑地，讥讽地John noticed them quite clearly as he made his report , and smiled sardonically to himself. Some say sardonically that combat pay is good and that one can do quite well out of this war. Para.4 Encompass: v. to surround on all sides, to form a circle about, enclose 包含或包括某些事物Eg. No single document could encompass all the shades of interpretation. Usually these needs are in abundance and encompass a variety of task Para.7 Incongruous: adj. not in harmony or agreement with, not harmonious, absurd, inappropriate behavior不协调的/不适宜的Eg. He could not have introduced a more incongruous proposal. His private opinions were incongruous with his public statements Para.18 Blandness: n. gentle or polite in manner or talk温和，柔和Eg: Blandness in the basic politics of the media became standard.She said with false blandness , “Could you stay longer?” Para.19 Wrathful: adj. (fml) extremely angry大怒的，恼怒的Eg: The wrathful crowd surged forward, the rude man backed away in fear .Meanwhile the Captain strode wrathful away to the council. Para.19 Wither v. to render speechless or incapable of action; become weak; dry up and dieEg: Age cannot wither Herbing. Industries unable to modernize have been left to wither. Farmers in the Midwest in Grapes of Wrath have watched their crops wither because of drought conditions. Para.26 Smug: adj. be pleased with oneself, showing too much satisfaction with ones qualities, position, etc 沾沾自喜Eg: He had the smugness that many lawyers show. I reckon she has good reason to feel smug. Para.32 Reprovingly: adv. Expressing a blame or rebuke 表示职责地Eg: Even Thomas, always dignified, looked at her reprovingly. The old man pointed his forefinger at the young man reprovingly .Para.42 Concede: v. reluctantly accept sth. as true, usu. suggesting the strength of the opponents argument.承认E.g.: The lawyer refused to concede that the two cases were at all similar.The diplomat claimed that we could not concede any of our territory. Para.82 Incriminate. to accuse of a crime or the other wrongful act控告有罪，使负罪 Eg.He claimed that the drugs had been planted to incriminate him. He had been forced to incriminate himself in cross - examinations .Para.97 Peremptory /peremptorily : intolerantly positive；dictatorial；dogmatic；imperious高傲的；武断的；专横的；Eg. With a brief, almost peremptory gesture he pointed to a chair . The consular porter spoke peremptorily. Para.97 Imperious: proud and expected to be obeyed; overbearing；arrogant；masterful，domineering傲慢的；专横的；盛气凌人的 Eg: Her attitude is imperious at times. A person, who is imperious and tries to gloss over his fault, is bound to suffer in the end. Para.99 Comply: v. to act in accordance with anothers command, request or rule 顺从The commander said that the army would comply with the ceasefire .Candidates must comply strictly with these instructions .Para.100 Vacillation: n. the state of swinging indecisively from one opinion to another, indecision. 犹豫不定，踌躇不决Eg: His constant vacillation made him an unfit administrator. You are expected to answer the call with immediate actions and not with vacillation. Para.100Dally: v. act or move very slowly, wasting time ;be slow or waste time浪费时间，延误Eg: How can you dally with such a serious problem? He did not dally over the choice of a partner. Hiroshima-the Liveliest City in JapanParaphrasel And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. (Page22-Paragraph1)l Paraphrased sentence1-para.1l And secondly because I was choked with emotion and I was occupied with some sad thoughts which had no connection with what the Japanese stationmaster might say.l The tall buildings of the martyred city flashed by as we lurched from side to side in response to the drivers sharp twists of the wheel. (Page22-Paragraph3) l Paraphrased sentence 7-para.3l The high buildings passed swiftly and when the driver made abrupt changes of direction, we sometimes swung to one side, sometimes to other side as a reaction to the swaying motion of the car .l As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city, but to avoid loss of face before foreigners, will not admit their ignorance, and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it. (page 22-para.4)l Paraphrased sentence 9-para.4l As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often do not know much of their city. But in order to keep up dignity before foreigners, they will not confess that they have no idea about the destination and will agree to go where they are asked to without caring how long it may take them to find it.(para.4) n The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Page23-Paragraph7)l Paraphrased sentence 10-para.7l The rather striking picture of traditional Japan floating houses among high modern buildings represents the constant struggle between old traditional culture and new Western style.n This done, I entered one of the low-ceilinged rooms of the little floating house, treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting and experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks. l (Page23-Paragraph8)l Paraphrased sentence 11-para.8l After taking off my shoes, I got/stepped/came into one of the low-ceilinged rooms of the adrift houses. I was not accustomed to walking in my socks so I walked carefully on the soft tatami matting, suffering from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of /had the expectation of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.u Quite unexpectedly, the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned, and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony. l (Page23-Paragraph9) l Paraphrased sentence 12-para.9l Quite out of the expectation, I was again overcome by a guilty conscience as I had been when I first arrived at the station. And the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment once again overwhelmed me. Here large numbers of people had been killed in a second; while another large plenty of people died slowly and in great pain.u I was just about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie. (Page24-Paragraph18) l Paraphrased sentence 14-para.18l I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant. His words shocked me out of my sad dreamy thinking.u There are two different schools of thought in this city of oysters, one that would like to preserve traces of the bomb, and the other that would like to get rid of everything, even the monument that was erected at the point of impact. (Page25-Paragraph25)l Paraphrased sentence 15-para.25l There are two kinds of thoughts in this city, one that would like to maintain and protect the signs of destruction caused by the bomb, and the other that would like to wipe out everything, even the monument that was constructed at the exact point over where the bomb exploded.u It is humiliating to survive in this city. If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns, your children will encounter prejudice on the part of those who do not. (Page26-Paragraph34) l Paraphrased sentence 18-para.34l It is a disgrace for an atomic victim to remain alive in this city. If you carry any visible scars of atomic burns, your children will be looked down upon by those who are not atomic victims.VocabularyDifficult words and SynonymsPara.2 Preoccupation-a state of mind in which you think about something so much that you do not consider other things to be important. Eg. Keatss poetry shows a profound preoccupation with the natural world.He always takes his preoccupation with the educational cause Para. 3-lurch make a sudden movement, especially forwards, in an uncontrolled way; move suddenly from one course of action or attitude to another in an uncontrolled way Eg. As the car sped over a pothole, Sophie lurched forward.The first round of multilateral trade talks between America and Japan has lurched between hope and despair. Synonym: lurch, stagger, sway,rockStagger-walk very unsteadily ; Sway- lean or swing slowly from one side to the other;Lurch-make a sudden movement, especially forwardsRockmove slowly and regularly backwards and forwards or from side to side Para. 8-twinge a sudden sharp feeling or emotion, usually an unpleasant one. Eg. Jon would have twinges of guilt occasionally even after the hurricane.The manager could not help feeling a twinge of panic at the news.Para.10-inibited Syn: abstain, refrain, restrain,Abstaineddeliberately stop doing whath you want to do；Refrain-deliberately not do sth.restrain -stop people from doing what they intended or wanted to do, usually by using your physical strength ；Inhibit-find it difficult to behave naturally and show their feelings (implying it is bad); slow down because of preventionsCurb-control it and keep it within limits examplesDo you drink alcohol, smoke, or abstain? He appealed to all factions to refrain from violence One onlooker had to be restrained by police.Inflation needs to be curbed in America.The high cost of borrowing is inhibiting investment by industry in new equipment. Para.1-heinousSyn. Heinous-extremely evil or horrible 穷凶极恶的、无法饶恕的Abominable-very unpleasant or bad.(令人不快）憎恶的、讨厌的； Atrocious-emphasizing that its quality is very bad. （造成恶劣伤害）恶毒的、残忍的ExamplesHer life has been permanently blighted by his heinous crime committed in World War II.The President described the killings as an abominable crime. The food in the canteens is atrocious. Para.22-cataclysm Syn.Disaster-a very bad accident such as an earthquake or a plane crash, especially one in which a lot of people are killed （一般用词）不可预测的意外事故所造成的灾难或不幸，失败；Cataclysm- an event that causes a great deal of damage, destruction, or personal distress, more serious than disaster严重、主观发生的剧烈变动或灾难（如洪水、地震等）；Catastrophe-an unexpected event that causes great suffering or damage.突如其来的、极严重的大灾难或灾祸，强调可怕性和突然性examplesMany had lost all in the disaster and were destitute. If the world is to avoid environmental catastrophe, advanced economies must undergo a profound transition.The extinct volcanos eruption would mean a cataclysm for the city Para.25. preserve Syn: preserve, conserve, reserveConserve-protect it from harm, loss, or change保持完好，防止受到损失或伤害；Preserve-remains as it is, and does not change or end保持某物品长时间良好的状态； Reservekeep a supply of something that is available for use when it is needed保存、储备（食物）examplesWe need to preserve the forest.The Government-funded body is responsible for conserving historic buildings.In the United States lanes are reserved for cars with more than one occupant. Para.25. demolishSyn. demolish, destroy, ruin, damage, spoilDemolish-destroy it completely on purpose or by accidentally as a building and so on. 拆毁（巨大的东西），推翻、拆除； Destroy-cause so much damage to it that it is completely ruined or does not exist any more.摧毁、消灭； Ruin- severely harm, damage, or spoil毁坏（尤指完好的建筑或人生）Damage-break it, spoil it physically, or stop it from working properly损坏;破坏;毁坏 Spoil-prevent it from being successful or satisfactory弄糟;损坏;破坏 examplesThe building is now being demolished to make way for a motorway. No one was injured in the explosion, but the building was completely destroyed .Grandfather was ruining his health through worry .The sun can damage your skin. Its important not to let mistakes spoil your life. Para.34. humiliateSyn.: humiliate, abase, disgrace, degrade, humbleHumiliate-say or do something which makes sb. feel ashamed or stupid （遭受奚落而感到的）使丢脸、羞辱； Abase-cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of;使、谦卑，表示自谦； Disgraceemphasize that other people disapprove of them and do not respect them because of something that they have done不光彩的、蒙羞的； Degrade-cause people to have less respect for sb.降级、贬黜；Humblemake you realize that you are not as important or good as you thought you were降低（身份、地位），自卑examplesToms teacher continually humiliates him in maths lessons. It is said Tess has disgraced womankind. We hold the notion that pornography degrades women. Nixon was not willing to abase himself before the nation. I am sure millions of viewers were humbled by this story .高级英语整理20160528 Exam Items for Advanced English, Vol 1I. Vocabulary (1%x20=20%)II. Paraphrase (2%x10=20%)III. Reading (2%x10=20%)IV. E-C Translation (4%x5=20%)V. Writing (20%x1=20%)Face to Face with HurricaneSentence Paraphrasing10.(para13) The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. The house shuddered and shifted from its foundations The sound of the hurricane was similar to the deep, loud noise of a passing train a few yards away. The house shook and was loosened from its foundations. 狂风就像在身边呼啸而过的列车一样发出震耳的响声，房屋在地基上晃动移位。11. (para 17) John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. (contrast-lap: tap lightly; crushing: overwhelming) 约翰望着海水漫过一级一级的台阶，心里感到一阵强烈的内疚。16. (para20): Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist.Richelieu Apartments were destroyed completely by the hurricane as if by a powerful fist. (simile & personification: fist)结果像是有一个其大无比的拳头把公寓打得粉碎。17.(para 21) She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 老奶奶独个儿唱了几句，然后她的声音就完全消失了。19 (para 27): Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, blowndown power lines coiled like spaghetti o