大学英语四级词汇串讲.ppt

课 程 结 构 四 级 改 革 动 词 词 组 与 短 语 相 关 练 习 形 近 词 同 义 词 近 义 词 比 较 背 单 词， 四 级 考 点 四级词汇 分段记忆 记忆单词的 方法与捷径 科学背单词 I. 关于四级的改革 l2005年6月18日是旧题型的最后一次考试 l2006年1月和6月不是试点院校的学院还参加旧题 型的考试。 l2007年1月正式的四级改革开始实行 l词汇与结构改革后不直接考了,而在阅读、听力、写 作、完型等题型中去考 l“如果没有语法就很难表达思想，那么，没有词汇 就什么也不能表达。”-D. A. Wilkins l词汇是语言的建筑材料，是学习语言的根本（听 、说、读、写、译）。 l改革后的新试题，题量大，阅读量大，需要掌握 的词汇量也大。 无论考不考词汇，单词都必须背! BACK II. 如何背单词、四级考点 o4200-4500个单词及这些词构成的常用词组 (1000左右) o背单词的过程中要抓住四级出题规律，背诵高 频词汇。 o非核心: 1800-2000单词 (中学已经掌握) o核心: 常出现的是2000-2500个单词 BACK 四级词汇分段记忆 n 出现频率特别高 （10个字母） a: ab-/ ac-/ ad-/ as-/ at- s: su-/ st- t: trans-/ te-/ tr- c: con-/ com-/ col-/ cor-/co- r: re- i: im-/ in- / il-/ ir- contributio n legalillegal regular-irregular abandon, access, addition, attention, assist,address transfer, transform, transport politeimpolite patientimpatient portimport accurate-inaccurate b: p: -pro/ -pre e: -ex/ -en d: -de/ -dis 2. 从来不考的 z: /x: /q: j: justify (从来没被选中过) y: yield (yield to屈服，让步) k: (考过3次) 3. 其它单词可放在阅读中记忆 BACK progress (walk) preview (see) export exit rich-enrich large-enlarge able-enable danger-endanger title-entitle disagree distribute o科学背单词 1) 花大量时间记忆单词 -“重复是记忆之母” 每天至少背100个单词，分成三段 1) 认知单词 （30秒内能反应出单词意思） 2) 学会单词拼写 3) 直达词义，不用再切换到汉语意思 7天一个时间段 第一天背100个， 第二天复习前100个，再加上新单词100个200个 第七天就不用再记新的单词了，仔细复习前6天的单词 一个月左右2500左右重点单词就可以背下来了！ 2) 在阅读中巩固和复习单词 e.g. water a bottle of water There are many waters in this area. The garden needs watering. When I saw delicious food, I watered. employ During the examination, you cant employ your dictionary. BACK 流口水 The world are like eels. They are too slippery to be kept in our memory. n背单词的捷径 n编故事记单词 e.g. (1) scream (2) innocent (3) family (4) quality quantity (5) adopt adapt (6) ash/ bush/ cash/ abash/ crash/ clash/ smash (7) euthanasia 惊声尖叫 无辜的，清白的 Father and mother, I love you. 质量 数量 采纳，领养 适应 碰撞，撞击 （飞机）坠毁惭愧 打碎，变成碎片 安乐死 n词根、词缀记忆法 1) able: e.g. enable, unable, ability, capable 2) act: to do, to drive e.g. action, actor, actress, active, activity, activate, actual, exact, reactor, interact, transaction 3) part: to separate e.g. parcel, partly, partial, partner, party, participate, participant, particle, particular, apart, apartment, department, compartment, depart dis-: dislike, disgust, distaste, disorder, distribute en-: enable, entitle, enrich, enlarge im-/-in: con-/-com -ir/-il l常见的后缀： -ize: realize, recognize -ify: identify, justify, classify, personify, satisfy -ate(v.): coordinate, illustrate -tion(n.): contribution, implication, imagination, illustration -sion(n.): discussion -ment(n.): treatment, establishment -ity: prosperity, identity (ID card) -ee: employee -er: employer secretary disease committee testee/tester bigamy n意群记忆 1）“物质世界” 物质的最小成分：atom, particle 宇宙太空：universe, solar, lunar 最小单位基因：protein, gene, cell 水生动物：fish, shellfish 爬行动物：reptile, insect 飞行动物：bird 哺乳动物：mammal 猿类：monkey 2) “人类社会” 皇家：royalty, dynasty, dictator 贵族：nobleman, landlord 政府： government, official, administrate 选举：election, vote 立法：congress, assembly, legislative 动荡：disorder, uprising, revolution 警察：police, officer 监狱：jail, prison 武装：army, armed forces 战争：war, weapon, surrender, defeat, victory 和平：peace, treaty 大家可以随时随地根据某一信息联想记忆单词，比如： 一个人骑车走在街上就可以联想到：bicycle, truck, car, vehicle, bus, traffic (jam, light), rush hours, highway, freeway, zebra lines, cement, sidewalk, underpass, road, passenger, shops, fence 等 一个人到医院又能联想到： hospital, doctor, nurse, ward, medicine, cure, treatment, injection, illness, clinic等。 n记忆单词生活化 robust rejoice withdraw/ deposit/ account ingredient/salt/sugar/pepper/vegetable oil breeze Buckle up, please. III.同义词、近义词含义比 较 1.固定词伙关系（固定搭配/约定成俗） 看书 read 看电视 watch 看电影 see 看黑板 look at l学知识:learn knowledge l学: possess/ acquire/ obtain/ gain/master l知识: skill/ intellectual depth/perspective/horizon/insight/ wisdom nOwing to _ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably. A. fierce B eager C strained D critical fierce (动作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定词伙 关系是：fierce competition eager:热中,渴望 strained: 紧崩的，拉紧的 critical: 一起搭配的常用be critical of “对进行批评,挑剔 ” The director was critical _ the way we were doing the work. A at B in C of D with 相当大地 A pierce：v. 猛 戳，猛刺入 strain：要求超过极限所 造成的紧张。 tension:紧绷的状态或紧 张的局势 n包含关系(A包含B，选A) (2) His wife is constantly finding _ with him, which makes him very angry. A errors B shortcomings C fault D flaw errors: mistakes/sth. done wrongly fault: 错(人的性格、行为或习惯上的缺点) shortcomings: (反: merits)指在学校老师作评语时给出的 优缺点。 flaw: 指物体或材料上的瑕疵 C n指代关系 (3) There was a big hole in the road which _ the traffic. A set back B stood back C held up D kept down Set back: 推迟、推延、阻碍（时间概念上的） set about + doing着手、开始做某事 set out + to do着手、开始做某事 set down: take down/ put down/ write down set off: 出发，离开，起程=set out set up 安装，创立，建立 set aside 把 留出 hold up 支撑、推迟、推延、阻碍(具体概念上的) stand back 后退 keep down 控制 Having decided to rent a flat, we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. A set about B set out C set down D set up The continuous rain _ the harvesting of wheat crop by two weeks. C n词性 nMany difficulties have _ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel. A risen B arisen C raised D arrived 不及物动词 及物动词 “提高，提升，饲养，抚养” raise the flag raise children 太阳、旗帜、水位等 的上升（具体概念） 指抽象概念（问题、麻烦、 新的局面等）的一种出现 B 四级词汇里还有一个表示“上 升”的词：soar (通常表示毫不 费劲地上升到很高的高度) n词根、词缀的关系 (5) There were some _ flowers on the table. A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal artificial: 人造的，人为的(artifact n. 人工制品，加工品) artificial leg artificial leather (genuine leather) unnatural:形容人的行为举止不自然；不正常的 a bird of unnatural size false: 假 （具有欺骗性的） false passport/ false hair/ false teeth unreal: 虚幻的（不是真实世界所拥有的） unreal world A oMore practice (6) This ticket _ you to a free meal in our new restaurant. A gives B grants C entitles D credits give sb. sth. give sth. to sb. 1) grant sb. sth 正式授予 e.g. She granted me one mao. (错) 2) 资助 3) take sth. for granted 1)entitle sb. to sth. 2)entitle sb. to do sth. 使某人有得到某事的权利 1)学分 2) gredit card 3) gredit A to B把A归 咎于B e.g. credit the car accident to the drivers carelessness C (7) A season ticket _ the holder to make as many journey as he wishes within the stated period of time. A entitle B grants C presents D promises “赠与，给与” present with promise to do sth. promise sb. sth. A (8) Everyone should be _ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated. A attributed B entitled C identified D justified attribute to 归 因于 identify sth. with sth.将东 西与东西认为是相同的 证明,表明 B (9) She cooled the meat for a long time so as to make it _ enough to eat. A mild B slight C light D tender 温柔的(gentle) 吃的东西不辣的 轻微的,少许的 e.g. A slightest change of the schedule may affect everyone. light 反:heavy (rain) 清淡的,容易消化的 (肉)嫩的 Wild 粗野的，野蛮的 Wild animal, wild horse, wild flowers hot spicy (10) When people become unemployed, it is _ which is often worse than lack of wages. A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability lazy bones懒骨头 贫穷,穷困 poor 无能力 idle: 闲置的,闲逛(的),游手好闲 e.g. idle capital idle away some time虚度光阴 kill time C (11) Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _ the new carpet. A crash B pollute C spot D stain BACK crash 表示飞机的失事 wreck 轮船的失事 accident 汽车的车祸 The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were _ and many houses collapsed. A wrecked B spoiled C torn D injured injure: 在事故中受伤 wound: (刀、枪等）伤 hurt: (感情、情感的）伤 n. 污点，污迹(点状) v. 使有污点 spotted dog spitspot chopchip 弄脏,染色(片 状污迹) D IV. 形近词 (1) Niagara Falls is a great tourist _, drawing millions of visitors every year. A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement Pay attention to tractor:拖拉机 attraction:吸引力 attract ones attention 正式约会 Keep appointment Break appointment 男女之间的约会：date (2) The rain was heavy and _ the land was flooded. A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently 相当于therefore, 比较正式，一般 在句首 连续地（没有间断性） continually 连续地（有 间断性，时断时续的） “始终如一地，恒定地;总是” 固定词伙： 恒温constant temperature “一贯地” 固定词伙：consistent policy light rain rain cats and dogs A (3) I hate people who _ the end of a film that you havent seen before. A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse Re-: again rewrite = write again review revise Re-: back return reject reverse (转)：颠倒 揭示，揭露 A (4) Dont _ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead. A release B relieve C relate D retain release sth. to sb. “向某人发布、发行” 固定词伙：release energy 减轻痛苦、忧虑等 relieve your pain /worry n. relief 固定搭配： to ones relief使某人宽慰的是 relate sth. to sth. 在思想或意义上 与有联系 be related to 保持， 保留 A (5) The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural _. A tradition B transportation C transmission D transformation 传送,播送 transmit v. (6) There were no tickets _ for Fridays performance. A preferable B considerable C possible D available 可得到的,可应用的,可获得的 The dictionary is available. The manager is available. There is no room (available) in our hotel. Consider v. Considerable:值得考虑的 ,可观的,量大的 Considerate :考虑周到的 -prefer (vt.) 喜欢 -prefer to do -prefer to do rather than (to )do 宁愿 而不愿 -prefer sth. to sth./ prefer doing to doing (prefer coffee to tea) D Preferable: 更合适的,更喜欢的 具有比较意义的形容词(不能与 more, than, -er连用): superior to优于-inferior to second to 仅次于(Im second to none.) Sensitive to 对感到敏感 (7) It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students. A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable 偏爱的 partial to/towards impartial to/towards 不偏不倚的 benefit from liable to sth.遭 遇到某事 A (8) Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the market. A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels 装液体的大木桶 便宜货，讨价还价 打折 discount 20% discount v. bargain with sb.与某人讨价还价 bargain about sth. 就讨价还价 B (9) Remember that customers dont _ about prices in that city. A debate B consult C dispute D bargain 辩论，辩论会咨询 consultant 顾问 反驳 beyond dispute 无可争辩 D (10) The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on the _ lot. A valid B vain C vacant D vague 具有法律 效力的 没人占用而空, 暂时没有充满而空 反:occupied empty 空空如也,什么也没有 in vain徒劳,白费力气 含糊不清的 (11) Although they plant trees in this are every year, the tops of some hills are still _ . A blank B hollow C vacant D bare 因为没写 字而空 中空的、 空心的 反：solid 光秃秃的（一 般形容土地） bald 光头 D V. 动词词组及短语 oturn nTurn down 将音量关小，拒绝 nTurn up 把音量开大；出现 nTurn out 结果是、证明；生产 nTurn over 移交，转交（没有方向性） nTurn to 求助于，参考 nTurn in 交给，上交 This company has turned out 100 cars. take over 接管 hand over交给，递给 Refer to omake nMake out nMake for 朝走去 nMake off匆匆地离开某地,逃走 nMake up nMake it=succeed in doing sth. (听力中常出现) nMake up for 弥补,补偿 Leave for Shanghai. Make for my office. 组成,构成+数字/百分比 be made up of 组成,构成(被动) 补考 缓考 otake nTake after在外貌,性格等方面与父母相象 nTake apart(将大型机器)分解，拆开 nTake back 收回=withdraw nTake down 记下,写下 nTake effect 生效 nTake effective steps/measures采取有效措施 nTake in 理解领悟, 吸收(absorb), 欺骗(cheat) nTake off 脱下,(飞机)起飞(四级听力重点词组) nTake on 承担责任等等; 雇佣(employ); nTake out 抽出,取出 nTake part in =participate in nTake the place of = re