企业组织架构之主要功能.ppt

POM ( PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT ) Professor：Rosa Yeh Prepared by Group n 9682219G 黃任邦 n 9682220G 呂志昆 n 9682225G 林君怡 n 9682259G 洪櫻毓 n 9682260G 鍾禮如 Group 1Group 1 96.12.1296.12.12 企業組織架構之主要功能 組織機構 Organization 財務 Financial management 生產 PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION 行銷 Marketing management 生產(production) n定義：創造商品(create goods)或提供服 務(provide services)有直接相關所有活 動所組成的。 n貨品導向(goods-oriented)：存在於製造 業與裝配作業。 n服務導向(service-oriented)：存在於醫 療保健、運輸、食品搬運、零售等行業。 (1) Production /prdkn/ n（n.）生產；製造；製作 p Thousands of men were employed in the Thousands of men were employed in the productionproduction of cars. of cars. 成千上萬的人被雇用來生產汽車。成千上萬的人被雇用來生產汽車。 n n The process of growing or making food, goods or The process of growing or making food, goods or materials, especially large quantities materials, especially large quantities (2) Oriented /ri,ntd/ n（adj.）以.為導向的，以.為目的的 pp We run a commercially We run a commercially orientedoriented operation. operation. 我們經營一個商業性的企業我們經營一個商業性的企業。 n n To direct sb/sth towards sth; to make or adapt To direct sb/sth towards sth; to make or adapt sb/sth for a particular purpose sb/sth for a particular purpose 生產功能 轉換過程轉換過程 TransformationTransformation 投入input 土地 勞工 資本 產出output 貨品 服務 控制 Control 附加價值 Value-added 回饋回饋 回饋feedback feedback feedback (3) Transformation /,trnsfmen/ nA complete change in sb/sth pp The way in which we work has undergone a complete The way in which we work has undergone a complete transformationtransformation in the past decade. in the past decade. 在過去十年裡，我們的工作方式經歷了徹底的在過去十年裡，我們的工作方式經歷了徹底的 變革。變革。 n n （n. n.）轉換；變化；轉變；變質轉換；變化；轉變；變質 現行趨勢現行趨勢 全球性市場全球性市場 global global marketplacemarketplace 全面品質管理全面品質管理 total qualitytotal quality managementmanagement 營運策略營運策略 operations operations strategystrategy 彈性彈性 flexibilityflexibility 時間降低時間降低 time reductiontime reduction 科技科技 TechnologyTechnology 工人涉入工人涉入 worker worker involvementinvolvement （4）operations /,pren/ n（n.）營運；經營；操作；運作 pp The The operation operation of this machine is simple.of this machine is simple. 這個機器的操作很簡單。這個機器的操作很簡單。 n n The act or process of operating; agency; the The act or process of operating; agency; the exertion of power, physical, mechanical, or exertion of power, physical, mechanical, or moral; The method of working; mode of actionmoral; The method of working; mode of action (5) Technology /tknld/ n（n.）科技、技術 pp Many people call the age we live in the age of Many people call the age we live in the age of technologytechnology . . 許多人把我們生活的時代叫做工業技術時代許多人把我們生活的時代叫做工業技術時代。 n n Scientific knowledge used in practical ways Scientific knowledge used in practical ways in in industry, for example in designing industry, for example in designing 現行趨勢現行趨勢 再造功程再造功程 reengineeringreengineering 環境問題環境問題 environmental issuesenvironmental issues 縮減開支縮減開支 downsizingdownsizing 供應鏈管理供應鏈管理 supply-chain supply-chain managementmanagement 精簡生產精簡生產 lean productionlean production (6) Downsizing /dn,sz/ n（n.）縮減開支 pp DownsizingDownsizing the work forces is the better way to the work forces is the better way to cut down the cost of production.cut down the cost of production. 縮減人員開支是降低生產成本的較好途徑。縮減人員開支是降低生產成本的較好途徑。 n The reduction of expenditures in order to become The reduction of expenditures in order to become financial stable financial stable (7) Supply /spl/ n（n. ）供應量；儲備 ppWe cannot guarantee adequate We cannot guarantee adequate suppliessupplies of raw of raw material.material. 我們不能保證可提供充足的原料。我們不能保證可提供充足的原料。 n n An amount of sth that is provided or available An amount of sth that is provided or available to be used to be used 決策環境分類 n確定性(certainty) 指成本、產能、需求量等已知參數值。 n風險(risk) 表示某些參數具有機率性的結果。 n不確定性(uncertainty) 不可能預估未來的可能會發生的結果。 (8) Certainty /stnt/ n（n.）確定性；必然 n n A thing that is certain; the state of being certainA thing that is certain; the state of being certain； A fact or truth unquestionable established.A fact or truth unquestionable established. pp Her return to the team now seems a Her return to the team now seems a certaintycertainty . . 她歸隊現在確實已成定局。她歸隊現在確實已成定局。 預測 (Forecast) n雖然預測通常由行銷功能發展而來，而生 產/作業功能常常被要求協助預測的發展。 尤其生產/作業實際上是預測之主要使用者 。 n提出內容以預測發展與監控必備資訊為主 。 (9) Forecast /fr,kst/ n（vt.）預測；預言；（vi.）做預測；進行預報 ；（n）預報；預測 pp The reportThe report forecasts forecasts that consumer pricethat consumer price will rise will rise by 3by 3 next month next month. . 報告預測下月物價將上漲報告預測下月物價將上漲3 3。 n n A statement about what will happen in the future, A statement about what will happen in the future, based on information that is available nowbased on information that is available now 預測步驟 決定目的 何時需要被預測 建立預測所需的 時間幅度時間幅度(time horizon(time horizon) ) 選擇預測方法 蒐集與分析資料 準備預測 檢視預測 (10) Horizon /hrzn/ n（n.）幅度；範圍；視野 p The company needs new The company needs new horizonshorizons now. now. 公司現在需要開拓新的領域。公司現在需要開拓新的領域。 n n The furthest that you can see, where the sky The furthest that you can see, where the sky seems to meet the land or the sea seems to meet the land or the sea 預測方法 n判斷預測(judgmental forecast)：以主管 意見、消費者調查、銷售員資訊進行預測 的方法。 n時間數列(time series)資料基礎預測：趨 勢(trend)、季節變動(seasonal variation)、循環(cycles)、不規則變動 (irregular variations)及隨機變動 (random variations) 。 (11) Judgmental /ddmntl/ n（adj.）判斷；判定（不一定客觀，帶衝動的） ppI think that she is too I think that she is too judgmentaljudgmental to be a good therapist to be a good therapist. 我認為她太武斷，不能成為一個好的心理治療師。我認為她太武斷，不能成為一個好的心理治療師。 n n Depending on judgment; a judgmental error Depending on judgment; a judgmental error (12) Trend /trnd/ n（n.）趨勢；走向；動態 p Sales were 20Sales were 20 lower than last year, continuing the lower than last year, continuing the downward downward trend trend of the last few years.of the last few years. 銷售額比去年下降銷售額比去年下降2020持續著過去幾年來的下降持續著過去幾年來的下降 趨勢。趨勢。 n n A general direction in which a situation is changing A general direction in which a situation is changing or developingor developing (13) Cycle /skl/ n（n.）循環；整個過程；（vi.）循 環,輪轉 p The machine The machine cyclescycles automatically. automatically. 這臺機器自動循環運轉。這臺機器自動循環運轉。 n n A complete set or series, for example of A complete set or series, for example of movements in a machine movements in a machine (14) Irregular Variations/rgjl/ n（adj.）不規則變動；不合道理；不對稱 p These procedures are highly These procedures are highly irregularirregular . . 這些程序是很不合乎規則的。這些程序是很不合乎規則的。 n n Not happening at times that are at an equal Not happening at times that are at an equal distance distance fore each; not happening regularly; not formed in fore each; not happening regularly; not formed in the normal way the normal way （15）Inventory /nvn,tri/ n（n）存貨清單、財產目錄；（vt.）編制 pp Manufacturers are keeping Manufacturers are keeping inventoriesinventories low because low because of the poor economic situation.of the poor economic situation. 生產商由於經濟形勢差而盡少囤貨。生產商由於經濟形勢差而盡少囤貨。 n n A written list of all the objects, furniture, etc. in a A written list of all the objects, furniture, etc. in a particular building particular building （16）Equipment /kwpmnt/ n（n.）配備；裝備 p The complete The complete equipmentequipment of the new hospital will of the new hospital will take a year. take a year. 把這個新醫院的設備配齊要花一年時間。把這個新醫院的設備配齊要花一年時間。 n n The things that are needed for a particular purpose The things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity; the process of providing a place or or activity; the process of providing a place or person with necessary thingsperson with necessary things （17）sample /smpl/ n（n.）樣品；樣本；試用品 ；（vt.） 取.的樣品;抽樣檢查 p Our firm gives away free Our firm gives away free samplessamples of cloth of cloth . . 我們公司免費贈送布料樣品我們公司免費贈送布料樣品。 n n A part of anything presented for inspection, or A part of anything presented for inspection, or show as evidence of the quality of the wholeshow as evidence of the quality of the whole （18）Accuracy /kjrsi/ n（n.）正確性；準確 pp AccuracyAccuracy is more important than speed in his new is more important than speed in his new job.job. 對他的新工作對他的新工作, ,準確比速度更重要。準確比速度更重要。 n n The state of being correct; the ability to do sth The state of being correct; the ability to do sth skillfully without making mistakesskillfully without making mistakes （19）Specification /,spsfken/ n（n.）說明書 載明;詳述(+of) 規格;明細單;詳細計劃書(+for) p The engineer cant start working without theThe engineer cant start working without the specificationspecification for the design.for the design. 沒有關於設計的詳細計劃沒有關於設計的詳細計劃, ,工程師無法開工。工程師無法開工。 n n A detailed description of how something A detailed description of how something is, or is, or should be, designed or madeshould be, designed or made （20）Transfer /trnsf/ n（vt.）轉換；調動；改變；轉變(+from/to) （vi.）搬遷,轉移;調任(+from/to) p At the port the goods were At the port the goods were transferredtransferred onto a ship. onto a ship. 貨物在港口被轉移到一艘船上。 n n To move from one place to another; to move To move from one place to another; to move somethingsomething from one place to another. from one place to another. 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