第一讲语法名词练习答案.doc

第1讲：名词语法讲解名词按其意义可分为专有名词(proper noun)和普通名词(common noun)。普通名词又可分为类名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。1. 专有名词：是个别人、地以及专门机构或团体的名称。如：New York纽约 Clinton克林顿2. 类名词：是一类人或物的个体的名称。如：piano钢琴，doctor医生，ship舰船3. 集体名词：是一些人或物的总称，作主语时可用复形谓语动词。如：family家庭，army军队4. 物质名词： 是无法分为个体的实物。如：sugar糖，tea茶，air空气5. 抽象名词： 是动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名称。如：work工作，honesty诚实，courage勇气注：名词按其可数性分为可数名词(countable nouns)和不可数名词(uncountable nouns)。类名词皆可数，集体名词大都可数，专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词多不可数。 名词的复数形式1. 规则变化：1）一般加-s如：map-maps地图 field-fields田地2）以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词后加-es如：class-classes班，box-boxes盒子 dish-dishes盘子， match-matches比赛3）以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,变为-ves如：leaf-leaves叶 thief-thieves贼 （注：下列词例外 ：roofs屋顶，gulfs海湾, belief信仰，信条）4）以辅音字母 y 结尾，变y为i，再加-es如：party-parties党 factory-factories工厂 （注：元音字母 y 结尾直接加-s： boys男孩 rays光线）5）以辅音字母 o 结尾，一般加-es如：potato-potatoes 马铃薯 hero-heroes 英雄 （注：某些外来词 以及以元音字母 o结尾的名词，直接加-s: pianos钢琴，photos照片，kilos公斤；radios收音机2. 不规则变化1）变内部元音。如： foot-feet脚 man-men 男人 tooth-teeth 牙齿 mouse-mice老鼠，与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；2）词尾加 -en如： child-children小孩 ox-oxen公牛3）形式不变(即单复数一致)如： deer-deer 鹿 fish-fish 鱼 sheep-sheep羊 people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。 注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。 复合名词的复数形式由一个简单名词加一个或一个以上的词构成的名词叫复合名词（compound noun）。复合名词变复数时，有以下三种情况：a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：menworkers， women teachers。 b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。 1. 把最后一个构成部分变为复数形式，如： housewife housewives家庭主妇 film-goer film-goers爱看电影的人 gentleman gentlemen先生 schoolroom schoolrooms教室2. 将主要成分变为复数形式，如： looker-on lookers-on旁观者 sister-in-law sisters-in-law嫂子；弟媳 passer-by passers-by过路人 bride-to-be brides-to-be即将做新娘的人3. 将两个组成部分皆变为复数，这种复合名词第一个名词必须是man或woman,如： man doctor men doctors男医生 woman teacher women teachers女教师 man cook men cooks男厨师 woman singer women singers女歌手 名词所有格1. 名词所有格的用法 所有格 s 或 s 形式主要用于人或一些动物的名称，表示所有或修饰的关系。如： Johns father 约翰的父亲， spiders web 蜘蛛网 2. 名词所有格的构成1）一般直接加 ，如： this childs book这个小孩的书, childrens books儿童书籍2）加了-s 或-es 的复数名词后，只加 ，如， girls skirts 女孩子们的裙，the soldiers horses 士兵们的马3）以s结尾的单数名词或人名，可用以上两种写法的所有格，如： the actress son 或 the actresss son 女演员的儿子 Jamess works 或 James works詹姆斯的作品 3. 事物的所有格 事物的的所有格常用of 表示，如， the shade of a tree树阴, the top/bottom/side/inside/outside of a box.箱的顶部/底部/里面/外面 （注：一些复合名词不需of, 如：a table leg桌腿, the water supply水的供应，a tea cup 茶杯）4. 部分无生命词用s或s表示所有格 无生命的东西在下列情况可用s或s所有格： 1). 表示时间，如： todays newspaper今天的报纸, two days work 两天的工作 2). 表示度量衡及价值 a miles distance 一英里的距离，ten dollars value 10美元的价值 3). 表示自然现象 the moons rays月光 the earths atmosphere地球的大气层 4). 表示国家城市等实体，如： the citys parks 城市的公园， the countrys ta xsystem 国家5. 双重所有格 of -s 结构叫双重所有格(double genitive),如： a friend of my mothers我父亲的一个朋友, a play of Shakespeares莎士比亚的戏剧.6凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。7在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。8如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。例如：Johns and Marys rooms（两间）John and Marys room（一间）9 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：a month or twos absence名词的语法功能 名词在句子中可以用作：1. 主语The boy opened the door. 那个男孩把门打开了。2. 宾语 分为动宾和介宾两种：I saw the boy .我看到那个男孩。（boy 作动词saw的宾语） Give the money to your brother. 把这些钱给你兄弟。(brother 作介词to的宾语)3. 表语 He is a clever boy. 他是个聪明的孩子。4. 宾语补足语 They called him a fool. 他们叫他傻瓜。5. 定语 Is it a colour film? 是彩色影片吗？6. 同位语 This is my friend John.7. 主语补足语 He is considered a good officer. 他被认为是个好官员。8. 名词的练习1). 写出下列名词的复数：tooth牙齿）, goose(鹅), table(桌子), man driver(男司机)，potato(土豆) piano(钢琴), sheep(羊), mouse (鼠) , loaf(面包), glass(玻璃杯)2). 找出下列句子中的错误并改正： 1） This is a pair of trouser.这是一条裤子。 2） He gave me some advices. 他给了我一些忠告。 3） She went to the library with two ladies friends.她和两位女伴一起去图书馆。 4） The police is looking for him. 警察在找他。参考答案：1. teeth, geese, tables, men drivers, potatoes, pianos, sheep, mice ,loaves, glasses. 2. 1)trouser 不对。trousers 总是复数 2)advises 不对。advice 是一个不可数名词，不能加-s. 3) 应是lady friends. lady 和woman不同，它的复合名词变复数时，只变它后面的名词。 4) police 总是复数，因此要把 is 改为are.名词选择题11.( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakesC. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe( ) 3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _?-Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear( ) 7 On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato2( ) 1 They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories( ) 2 He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news( ) 4 What_ lovely weather it is!A. / B. the C. an D. a3( ) 1 -Would you like_tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orangeC. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of breadC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 3 It really took him:_ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( ) 4 I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk IC. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( ) 5 Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea( ) 6 Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( ) 7 John bought_for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes4( )1 -How many _ have you got on your farm?-Ive got five.A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken( ) 2 Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies( ) 3 In the picture there are many_ and two.A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxesB. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs( ) 4 A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow.A. Hungarian B. Australian C. JapaneseD. American5( ) 1 This table is made of_.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir?-Id like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( ) 3 Children should make_ for old people in a bus.A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room6( ) 1 Tables are made of_.A. wood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods( ) 2 I wonder why _ are so interested in action (武打片) films.A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples( ) 3I have read_ of the young writer.A. works B. work C. this works D. the works7( ) 1 Lets meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of_?A. the Peoples Park B. the Peoples ParkC. the People Park D. Peoples Park( ) 2 _ Chinese people are _ hard working people.A. /; a B. We; the C. The; the D. The; a( ) 3 How many were there in the street when the accident happened?A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples8( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller_.A. set B. one C. piece D. pair( ) 2 Last week I bought a TV_.A. pair . B. set C. piece D. block( ) 3 There is a of wood left on the ground.A. cup B. piece , C. box D. pair9( ) 1 There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher( ) 2 There are five_in our factory.A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( ) 3 These _ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.A. women doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. woman doctor10( ) 1 They write most of their_ in English.A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters( ) 2 We came to a _ at last .and went in.A. watch shop B. watches shop ,C. watching shop D. watchs shop( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. Its a_.A. food shop B. book shop C. fruit shop D. vegetable shop( ) 4 She broke a_while she was washing up.A. glass of wine B. glass for wine C. glass wine D. wine glass( ) 5 Ive forgotten both of the_.A. room numbers . B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number111. September 10th is_in China.A. Teachers Day B. TeachersDay C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day( ) 2 -Is the broom under _ desk? -No, its under_.A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mine C. teachers; me D. the teachers; mine( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the_?A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms12( ) 1 The football under the bed is_.A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys( ) 2 This is my_dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sisters C. sister, Marys D. sisters Marys( ) 3 He went to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tailors( ) 4 Joan is_.A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sisterC. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister13( ) 1 In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.A. year B. years C. years D. years( ) 2 Its about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes( ) 3 The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_.A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walkC. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk( ) 4 Half_ telephone calls are made in English.A. the world B. world C. the worlds D. worlds14( ) 1 _ face to the south.A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the roomC. The rooms windows D. The windows in room( ) 2 Please take two_.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the parkC. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park( ) 3 The workers are repairing_.A. the roof of the house B. a roof of the houseC. roof of the house D. this roof of house15( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of_.A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers( ) 2 This is a book of _.A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him( ) 3 The post card is sent by _.A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my fathersC. my father friend D. my father friends16( ) 1 Sydney is a city of_.A. America B. Germany C. Australia D. Japan( ) 2 My father likes buying us _.A. cars B. flowers C. peasants D. presents( ) 3 In England, the last name is the _.A. full name B. family name C. middle name D. given name( ) 4 Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new_.A. shop B. school C. factory D. hospital17( ) 1 My father is a_. He works in a hospital.A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. soldier( ) 2 -Which animal lives only in China?-The_.A. tiger B. monkey C. panda D. elephant( ) 3 April come before_and after_.A. March; May B. May; MarchC. June; May D. March; February( ) 4 Which of the following is right?A. China has a large population. B. China has much population.C. China has many populations. D. China has a great deal of population.( ) 5 Please do like this. Fold the paper_ and cut along the fold.A. into pieces B. in half C. on halves D. to half( ) 6 You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play another_?A. one B. game C. programme D. piece 参考答案：1. 1-7 C C B B B B C2. 1-4 C B C A3. 1-7 B C D A D D A4. 1-4 B A A C5. 1-3 D A A6. 1-3 A A D7. 1-3 A D C8. 1-3 D B B9. 1-3 B D B10. 1-5 B A C D A11. 1-3 B D A12. 1-4 D C C B13. 1-4 B B C C14. 1-3 B B A15. 1-3 A B B16. 1-4 C D B B17. 1-6 B C B A B D名词选择题21.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_.a little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war.a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes3.The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming New Year.a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation4.Painting in _ is one of their spare-time activities.a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here.a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many6.The large houses are being painted, but _.a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense7.The room was small and contained far too _.a.much new furniture c. much new furnituresb.many new furniture d. many new furnitures8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.a. rooms number b. room number c. rooms numbers d. room numbers9.Computers can do _ work in a short time, but a man can not do _ by himself. a great manymany c. mucha great deal b. a great deal ofmuch d. manya great many10.She didnt know _ he had been given.a. how many information c. how many informationsb. the number of information d. how much information11.He invited all of his _ to join his wedding party.a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-armb. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm12.All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.a. women doctors c. woman doctorsb. women doctor d. woman doctor13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_.a. growns-ups c. growns-upb. grown-up d. grown-ups14.The police investigated those _ about the accident.a. stander-by c. standers-byb. stander-bys d. standers-bys15.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp.a.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _ made by Linda lately.a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels17.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _. a. elder sister b. elder sisters c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress18.All the people at the conference are _. a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacherb.mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers19.Professor Mackay told us that _ of lead are its softness and its resistance.a. some property c. propertiesb. some properties d. property20.Physics _ with matter and motion.a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are21.He has written several books, but his last works _ well known among his friends.a. have b. have been c. is d. are22.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days.a. father-in-laws c. fathers-in-lawb. father-in-law d. fathers-in-laws23.He told me _ would come to his birthday party.a. many Jack friends c. many Jacks friendb. Jacks many friends d. many friends of Jacks24.I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner.a.barber b. barbers c. barbers d. barbers25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _.a. Peter and Helens c. Peter and Helenb. Peter and Helens d. Peters and Helens26._ receives only a small portion of the total amount of the suns energy.a. The earths surface c. The surface of earthb. The surface earth d. The earth surface27.Numerous materials are available to _.a. today of designers c. todays of designersb. todays designers d. today designers28.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Dont you know he is an old friend of _?a. my brother b. my brothers c. my brothers d. my brothers friend29._ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know.a. This Johns old friend c. Thats Jahns old friendb. This old friend of John d. This old friend of Johns30._ is too much for a little boy to carry.a.A bikes weight c. The weight of a bikeb.The weights of a bike d. Biles weight31.Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday.a. little b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of32.When they got to the lecture-room, there were _ left.a. only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats33._ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.a. A little mail b. A piece of mail c. A mail d. A small mail34.The Department purchased _ to improve the working conditions there.a. a new equipment c. new equipmentsb. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments35.The boy tried hard but there has been _ in his work.a. little improvement c. many improvementsb. a little improvement d. few improvements36.Todays modern