考研英语历年阅读真题解析 (2).doc

2003 Text 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, Then I would have to say yes. Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers. Such well-meaning people just dont understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could adopt middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.A call on scientists to take some actions B criticize the misguided cause of animal rights C warn of the doom of biomedical research D show the triumph of the animal rights movement 47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _.A cruel but natural B inhuman and unacceptable C inevitable but vicious D pointless and wasteful 48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _.A discontent with animal research B ignorance about medical science C indifference to epidemics D anxiety about animal rights 49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.A communicate more with the public B employ hi-tech means in research C feel no shame for their cause D strive to develop new cures 50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _.A a well-known humanist B a medical practitioner C an enthusiast in animal rights D a supporter of animal research 重点词汇：paraphrase（n.v.释意）即para+phrase，para-前缀表“在旁边、辅助”，phrase即“短语；用短语表达”，故“用短语辅助表达”释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph（文章的段、节；短评）para+graph写；parameter（参数）para+meter计量、parasite（寄生虫）para+site地点。biomedical（生物医学的）bio生物+medic医疗+al形容词后缀。respond（v.回复；响应）即re+spond，re-(=back)，spond词根“请求”，于是“回复请求”响应。One of the few experiences which never pall is the experience for watching ones own interests, responds to new stimuli, and develops new thoughts.令人永不生厌的不多的几种体验之一，是观察自己的头脑，看它是如何产生新的兴趣、对新的刺激作出反应及发展新的思想。advocate（v.提倡n.倡议者；辩护人）即ad+voc+ate，ad-前缀表“加强”，voc词根意为“声音”（即voice，因为元音可任意增减替换），-ate为动词后缀（作名词后缀时表“人”）。argument（辩论；论据，论点）为argue（v.辩论；主张）的名词形式。argument the longest distance between two points of view 争论两种观点之间的最远距离。Truth is always the strongest argument.事实永远是最强有力的论据。Never argue at the dinner table, for the one who is not hungry always gets the best of the argument.绝不要在餐桌上争论，因为肚子不饿的人总是占上风。allegation（宣称）即al+leg+ation，al-前缀表“加强”，leg词根意为“说”（如legendleg说+end名词后缀表“物”人们都在说的东西传奇），ation名词后缀。allege为其动词形式。perplex（使困惑，使复杂化）即per+plex，per-前缀表“完全”，plex词根意为“重叠”，故“完全重叠在一起分不清了”困惑。同根词为complexcom一起+plex重叠在一起的复杂的；综合的；联合体。brochure（小册子）源自法语，词形与brother相似兄弟们每人手里拿着本小册子。immunization（免疫作用）immune（免疫的；免除的）、immunity（免疫；免除）、immunize（使免疫；使免除）。immuneim+mun+e，im=in表“否定”（因后接字母m，故in变形为im），mun（本为词根，此不论）可分解为mu+n读作“母牛”最初为防天花而施行的最有效的免疫法即是在奶牛身上试验出来的，故谓之“种牛痘”。vaccine（疫苗）即vacc(a)+ine，vacca是拉丁文“牛”（开头两字母V和A表带角牛头），-ine后缀多用于医药名词（如medicine），该词是当初科学家发表“牛痘”论文时创造的。vaccination（接种疫苗）vaccin(e)+ation名词后缀。vaccine a microbe with its face washed 疫苗洗过脸的微生物。epidemic（流行的；流行病）与academic形似学术思潮像流行病一样流行。deceptive（欺骗的，蒙蔽的）deceive（v.欺骗，蒙蔽）deception（n.欺骗，蒙蔽），类似单词有receptive（善接受的）receive（v.接收；招待）reception（接收；招待；招待会）。deceptions the oil to the wheels of life 欺骗生活车轮的润滑油。ultimate（最终的；根本的），马丁路德金（Martin Luther King）说：The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.衡量一个人的最终尺度，不是看他在舒适顺利的时候站在哪里，而是看他在受到非难和争议的时候站在哪里。recruit（v.征兵；招募n.新兵；新成员）即re+cruit，re-前缀表“反复”，cruit词根意为“创造”（=create，因为元音字母可增减替换），玩星际（zerg，哈哈）的时候不就要拼命“反复、一再”地create兵吗？vicious（邪恶的，恶毒的）即vic(e)+ious，vice即名词“邪恶”，-ious为形容词后缀。The more virtuous any man is, the less easily does he suspect others to be vicious.任何人越高尚，就越不容易疑心别人邪恶。ignorance（无知；不知道）即ig+nor(e)+ance，ig-否定前缀，nor词根表“知道”=know，-ance名词后缀。ignorant（无知的）；ignore（v.忽视）。Not ignorance, but the ignorance of ignorance, is the death of knowledge.不是无知，而是对无知的无知，才是知识的死亡。ignorance when you dont know something and somebody finds it out 无知你不知道某事而又被人发现了。The more you study, the more youll find yourself ignorant.越学习越会发现自己无知。ignorant person is one who doesnt know what you have just found out 无知的人不知道你刚刚发现的事情的人。extinguish（v.熄灭，灭绝）extinct（a.熄灭的，灭绝的），类似的有distinguish（v.区别，辨别）distinct（独特的，明显的）。Absence is to love what wind is to fire; it extinguishes the small, it inflames the great.离别之于爱情有如风之于火，它熄灭小火，却使大火燃烧更旺。bypass 心脏搭桥；embers 灰烬（但火焰尚未完全熄灭）。试题解析：这是一篇论说文。文章的内容大致是这样的：作者举例说明许多动物权益保护者并不了解生物医学的真实情况和意义，而一味地反对生物医学，使广大群众也受到了蒙蔽。针对这一点，作者指出科学家应采取措施与大众多交流，避免由于人们的无知而阻碍了生物医学的发展。基于这篇文章的5个小题考查了考生把握文章要义的能力，理解文章结构的能力以及推理、引申的能力。从考生的答题情况看，这篇文章的题目是四篇文章中最简单的。5个小题的区分度都较好。46. A该小题问的是作者在篇首引用Edmund Burke的话的含义。这道题与第42小题有类似之处，实际上考查了考生对文章主旨要义的理解。篇首的话在篇尾得到了呼应：“If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.”。一首一尾的呼应突出了这篇文章的中心：呼唤科学家们采取行动，切勿让人们的无知阻碍了医学的发展。所以应该选A。答对的考生有31.6，属中等难度的题目，区分度较好。有43.4的考生选择了B，错误的原因在于没有抓住文章的中心要义。47. B该题问的是受误导的人们是怎样看待用动物做试验的。从前两段和第三段的最后一句中，我们了解到，受到误导的人们认为用动物做研究是残酷的、不可思议的。四个选项中，B最符合原文。A项中提到了“cruel”，但是“natural”不对，正相反，人们认为那是非常不合情理的。C项说的是“不可避免的，但含有恶意的”，也不正确。D项说的是“毫无意义，浪费的”。实际上，人们的反对态度很强烈。D项虽无原则上的错误，但是不如B项更贴近原文意思。该题属于中等难度偏易的题目，区分度较好。48. B该题主要是考查考生是否理解论据在文章中的作用，是否能从众多信息中找出作者的观点。这个例子不难理解，说的是一位老太太向大家散发传单，号召大家不要用任何来自于动物或在动物身上试验过的东西。当问及是否反对使用疫苗时，老太大并不知道疫苗是从动物研究中得来的。她认为，若疫苗也来源于动物，那么就不应使用疫苗，流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。可见老太太对科学的无知。而她的这种无知是很普遍的。第二段最后一句话感叹：“Such well-meaning people just dont understand.”（这些好心人压根就不明白）。所以答案为B。有部分考生选择了A，我们一起看一下A为什么不对。A说的是公众对动物试验的不满。的确，人们很反感用动物做试验，但是，老太太的例子就是为了说明这一点吗？这个论据反映的是什么论点呢？考生可以从全文的角度看。文章的重点不在描写公众有多愤怒，而在于指出公众不满的根源对医学研究不了解，然后呼唤科学家们针对这个根源采取行动。所以老太太的例子反映的是公众的无知。A不正确。C、D也是类似错误。该小题属中等难度题，区分度较好。49. A该题考查的是考生对作者观点的理解，解题线索可在最后两段中找出。作者向科学家们提出的建议都是有助于他们与公众更好的交流。答案很明显，是A。该题属较容易的题，区分度很理想。50. D该题考查考生的推理能力。从最后一段，我们可以找到线索：“Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients. Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research.”。从这句话中，我们知道Cooper是个名人，也是病患者