英语语言学试题集锦.doc

1 试题（一） 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答 案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题 2 分，共 20 分) 1.The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are _.( ) A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( ) A. Jacob Grimm B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp D. Sir William Jones 3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.( ) A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural 4._produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonse nse, often as unintelligible.( ) A. Brocas aphasic B. The linguistic deprivation C. The damage on the angular gyrus D. Wernickes aphasic 5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows: .( ) A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother t ongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6.A word with several meanings is called _word.( ) A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple 7.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isnt it?” is _.( ) A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 2 8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British Eng lish are in _ and vocabulary.( ) A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9._deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. ( ) A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as _.( ) A. +animate, +male, +human, -adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult C. +animate, -male, +human, -adult D. +animate, -male, +human, +adult II、填空题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分。) 11. As the first step of their scientific investigation of language, linguists have to observe and collect linguistic f_ before they can do anything els e. 12. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular la nguage are called s_ rules. 13. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is call ed a f_ morpheme. 14. A c_ sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking wor d, such as “and“, “but“, “or“. 15. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called s_ . 16. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are exp ected to observe is called the C_ principle proposed by J. Grice. 17. In addition to social changes, one of the most pervasive sources of lang uage change seems to be the continual process of cultural t_ across generations. 18. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s_ attitude connoted in the language that is sexist. 3 19. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each oth er, we may regard thought as “s_ speech,“ and speech as “overt th ought.“ In such a case, speaking and thinking take place simultaneously. 20. I_ is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA. 三、判断说明题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分。)判断下列各题正 误，正者在括号内写“T”，误者在括号内写“F”，并说明理由。 ( )21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into b eing before the spoken form. ( )22.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we prono unce a long vowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension. ( )23.A compound is the combination of only two words. ( )24.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture. ”,and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the s tudent.”belong to the same syntactic category. ( )25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always ha ve the same sense. ( )26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that p resupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, i f a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true. ( )27.The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Moder n English is nonconventional and not arbitrary. ( )28.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes abo ut social taboos or racism. ( )29.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on. ( )30.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their langua ge and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sou nds in their native language once their parents teach them. 4 四、名词解释题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 3 分，共 30 分。) 31.cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language) 32.phonic medium of language 33.voicing 34.inflectional morphemes 35.reference 36.locutionary act 37.protolanguage 38.ethnic dialect 39.registers 40.acculturation 五、论述题(本大题共 2 小题，每小题 10 分，共 20 分。) 41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elemen ts? Support your statement with examples. 42. Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production. 试题（一）参考答案 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答 案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题 2 分，共 20 分) 1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B 一、填空题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分) 11、facts 12、sequential 13、free 14、coordinate 15、semanti cs 16、Cooperative 17、transmission 18、social 19、subvocal 20、Interla nguage 5 二、判断改错题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分) 21.F The contrary is true. The writing system is always a later invention. 22.T 23.F Some compounds contain more than two words. 24.T 25.F It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might di ffer in sense. A case in point is the two expressions “morning star“ and “ eve ning star.“ They refer to the same star but differ in sense. 26.T 27.F The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is conventional and somewhat arbitrary. 28.T 29.T 30.F Children first acquire the sounds found in all languages of the worl d, no matter what language they are exposed to ,and in later stages acquire th e “ more difficult“ sounds. 四、名词解释题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 3 分，共 30 分) 31.One of the major defining features of human language.Humans are born with the ability to acquire a language, but different from animals, the actual us e of human language is not genetically transmitted, rather it is culturally trans mitted, i.e.it has to be taught and learnt. 32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language communica tion, i.e.the speech sounds. 33.Voicing is a phonetic feature of some sounds.It is caused by the vibratio n of the vocal cords. 34.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the gramma trcal relations and categories,such as-ed,-(e)s,-est in English. 35.Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a m atter of the relationship between the form and the reality.For example ,if we s ay, “The dog is barking,“ we must be talking about a certain dog known to b oth the speaker and the hearer in the situation.The actual dog the word “dog“ refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word “dog“. 36.Locutionary act refers to the act of uttering words, phrases, and clauses.It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phono logy. For example, by saying “You have left the door wide open“,the locutiona 6 ry act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expre ssed what the words literally mean. 37.A protolanguage is the original form of a language family that has cease d to exist.The proto form can be reconstructed by identifying and comparing si milar linguistic forms with similar meanings across related languages. 38.An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language,often cutting across re gional differences. It is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation, such as racial discrimination or segr egation. 39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech si tuations,in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or r egional grouping of their customary users. For this reason, registers are also kn own as situational dialects. 40.Acculturation refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value sys tem of the second language community. 五、论述题(本大题共 2 小题，每小题 10 分，共 20 分) 41.In addition to revealing a linear order, a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows t he syntactic category of each structural constituent, and consequently is believe d to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elem ents. For example, the phrase “ the old men and women“ may have two interpret ations, i.e.the adjective “old”may modify the noun “men“, or the following two nouns “men and women“.Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference, so it is ambiguous.Whereas,the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this d ifference clear.So,we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis. NP NP NP NP NP NP 7 The old men and the women the old men and the old women 42.From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis, language use in terms of perception,comprehension and production follows a certain pattern which inv olves the coordination of various language centers. When we speak,words are drawn from Wernickes area and transferred to Br ocas area, which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.The ap propriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words. When we hear something and try to comprehend it, the stimulus from the a uditory cortex is transmitted to Wernickes area,where it is then interpreted. When we perceive a visual image,a message is sent to the angular gyrus, w here it is converted into a visual pattern. 试题（二） I. 选择题(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分) 在每小题列出的四个选项 中选择一个或几个符合题目要求的选项，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括 号内。 1. “I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of _. A. arbitrariness B. creativity C. duality D. displacement 2. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobsons framework of langu age functions? A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake. B. The emotive function is to convey message and information. C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings. D. The phatic function is to establish communion with others. 8 3. “Dont end a sentence with a preposition.” This is an example of _ rul es. A. prescriptive B. descriptive C. transformational D. functional 4. According to G. B. Shaws ridicule of English orthography, the non-existent word ghoti can be pronounced in the same way as _. A. goat B. hot C. fish D. foot 5. Which of the following is the correct description of v? A. voiceless labiodental fricative B. voiced labiodental fricative C. voiceless labiodental stop D. voiced labiodental stop 6. Traditional grammar sees a sentence as _. A. a sequence of morphemes B. a sequence of clauses C. a sequence of words D. a sequence of phrases 7. In todays grammar we normally say that English does not have a “future t ense.” This is because in English _. A. the future is not expressed by morphological change B. the future can be expressed in many ways C. the future belongs to the category of “aspect” D. the future is expressed by modal verbs. 8. A major difference of the various models of generative grammar lies in wh ere the _ component is positioned. A. base B. transformational C. semantic D. phonological 9. _ is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it r efers to. A. Connotative B. Denotative C. Affective D. Reflected 10. Which of the following are gradable antonyms? A. good : bad B. male : femaleC. young : old D. buy : sell 9 二、填空题(每空 1 分，共 10 分) 11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a numb er of w_ to form a complete statement,q_or command. 12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s_g_. 13.Utterance is based on _ _ ;it is the realization of the abstr act meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context. 14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a _,one who can speak se veral languages fluently. 15.Consonant sounds can be either v _or v_,while all vowel sounds are v_. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并 说明理由。每小题 2 分，共 20 分) 16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meani ng.( ) 18.Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a ver b phrase is grammatically called predicate.( ) 20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( ) 21.The term dialect, as a technical term in linguistics, carries value judgment a nd not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( ) 22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。( ) 23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.( ) 24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( ) 25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( ) 四、名词解释(每小题 3 分，共 30 分) 26.general linguistics 10 27.suprasegmental features 28.root and stem 29.hierarchical structure 30.naming theory and conceptualist view 31.maxims of quality and manner 32.blending 33.sociolect 34.subvocal speech 35.contrastive analysis 五、论述题(每小题 10 分，共 20 分) 36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show t he syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences. (1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible. (2)He saw young men and women present. (3)They were surprised at the presidents appointment. 37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examp les. re- un- anti- super- -wise -itis -ize -age 11 试题（二）参考答案 一、选择题(每小题 2 分，共 20 分) 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 11. C 12. ABD 13. C 14. B 15. AC 二、填空题(每空 1 分，共 10 分) 11.words question 12.social groups 13.sentence meaning 14.polyglot 15.voiceless voiced voiced 三、判断说明题(每小题 2 分，共 20 分) 16.T 17.F(Sense and reference) 18.F(scientific study of language) 19.F(finite verb) 20.F(diachronic) 21.F(no value judgement) 22.T 23.T 24.F(morpheme) 25.F(one of the parts) 四、名词解释(每小题 3 分，共 30 分) 26.The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics. 27.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 28.The base form of a word; the existing form to which a derivational affix can be added. 29.The sentence structure that groups words into structural constituents and s hows the syntactic categories of each structural constituent, such as NP and V P. 30.The words of a language are labels of the objects they stand for; a lingu istic form is linked through concepts to what it refers to. 31.Do not say what you believe to be false or without adequate evident; A void obscurity of expression and ambiguity, be brief and orderly. 32.A process of forming a new word by combining parts of other words. 33.A variety of languages used by a social class. 12 34.Thought when it is close to language. 35.A comparative procedure to establish linguistic differences between langua ges for teaching purposes. 五、论述题(每小题 10 分，共 20 分) 36.(1)the hunters are shooting; the hunters are shot; (2)young men and young women; young men and (not young) women (3)the president appoints others; the president is appointed. 37.re-:again,e.g.retype,reorganize un-: not, reverse, e.g. unhappy, unlock anti-: against, anti- drug, anti-imperialism super- greater than usual, e.g. superpower, superman -wise: in the manner of, e.g. clockwise, moneywise -itis: infection. e.g. bronchitis, arthritis -ize: make into, e.g. realize, moder nize -age: process. e.g. mileage, linkage 试题（三） I. Multiple Choice Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally term ed as _linguistics. A. applied B. diachronic C. comparative D. synchronic 2.The structural approach to the analysis of language was started by _ _ A. Bloomfield B. Saussure C. Chomsky D. J. Searle 13 3. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? A.p B.m C.b D.t 4. The words“make” and “bus” are called _because they can occur u nattached. A. derivational morphemes B .inflectional morphemes C. bound morphemes D. free morphemes 5. The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are_. A. gradable antonymy B. converse antonymy C. synonyms D. co-hypo nyms 6. The semantic components of the word “man” can be expressed as _ _. A.animate,human,male,adult B.animate,human,male,adult C.animate,human,male,adult D.animate,human,male,adult 7. What kind of function does the sentence “How do you do?” have ? A. Directive B. Phatic C. Informative D. Evocative 8. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as_. A. lexical words B. grammatical words