英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八).doc

Old English Literature 古英语文学（450-1066年）Beowulf （贝奥武甫）-The first English national epic中世纪英语文学（1066-1500）Geoffrey Chaucer (乔叟，c. 13431400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集, called the father of English literature“英国文学之父”William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman农夫皮尔斯. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪）William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 维拉斯和阿多尼斯The Rape of Lucrece.鲁克丽丝受辱记 Shakespeares greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 李尔王,Macbeth麦克白,Hamlet哈姆雷特, Othello奥赛罗,Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶great comedies: A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦,As You Like It 皆大欢喜 ,The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人, Twelfth Night 第十二夜great historical plays: Richard III 理查三世 ,Henry IV 亨利四世, Henry V 亨利五世, Henry VII 亨利八世John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674) was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost失乐园, Paradise Regained复乐园 Samson 力士参孙.18世纪文学和新古典主义Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 人论and An Essay on Criticism 论批评Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，16601731) was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe鲁滨逊漂流记, spokesman for middle-class peopleHenry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 -1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones.Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gullivers Travels格列佛游记. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，17511816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,17131768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （商第传）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (威克菲尔德牧师传记)Thomas Gray (托马斯格雷 17161771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard（墓畔哀歌）, writer of sentimentalism感伤派.浪漫主义（18世纪末19世纪初）William Blake (1757 1827) was an English poet, best known for his poetical collections of Song of Innocence 天真之歌and Song of Experience经验之歌. William Wordsworth (1770-1850),a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集.Wordsworths magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude序曲. Samuel Taylor Coleridge(柯勒律治, 1772 1834) was an English poet who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and one of the Lake Poets. He is probably best known for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子颂 and Kubla Khan忽必烈汗George Gordon Byron (拜伦，17881824 ) was a English poet and a leading figure in Romanticism.Amongst Byrons best-known works are his narrative poems Childe Harolds Pilgrimage 哈罗尔德游记and Don Juan唐璜Percy Bysshe Shelley (17921822) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language. He is perhaps most famous for Ode to the West Wind西风颂, To a Skylark致云雀, Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯.Mary Shelley (玛丽 雪莱1797 1851) was a British novelist best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein 弗兰肯斯坦, considered as first science fictionJohn Keats ( 济慈, 17951821) was an English poet who became one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement. His masterpieces such as Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂and Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂浪漫主义时期小说家Jane Austen (17751817) , was an English novelist. Her major novels include Sense and Sensibility (理智与情感), Pride and Prejudice (傲慢与偏见), Emma (爱玛).Walter Scott (司各特, 1771-1832), a prolific Scottish historical novelist . His major works is Ivanhoe艾凡赫Realism 现实主义时期 （Victorian Age 维多利亚时期 1837-1901）Bronte sisters 勃朗宁姐妹, Charlotte (夏洛蒂, 1816 1855), Emily (艾米丽, 1818 1848) and Anne (安妮, 1820 1849), were English writers of the 1840s and 1850s. Charlottes Jane Eyre简爱, Emilys Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄 and Annes Agnes Grey艾格妮斯格雷are masterpieces of English literature.George Elliot (乔治-爱略特，18191880 ) was an English novelist. She was one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. Her novels, largely set in provincial England. Her major novels include:The Mill on the Floss佛洛斯河上的磨坊 Middlemarch米德尔玛契.Charles Dickens (18121870)：one of the most popular English novelists of the Victorian era. His major novels include: A Tale of Two Cities 双城记,Oliver Twist 奥利弗退斯特,David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔德, Great Expectation 远大前程, Hard Times 艰难时世William Makepeace Thackeray (萨克雷，18111863) was an English novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair名利场Mrs. Gaskell (盖斯凯尔夫人 , 1810-1865)was an English novelist during the Victorian era. Her major novels include: Mary Barton 玛丽 巴顿Thomas Hardy(哈代, 1840 1928) ,an English novelist of the naturalism自然主义. His major novels include: Tess of the dUrbervilles 德伯家的苔丝Far from the Madding Crowd 远离尘嚣Jude the Obscure. 无名的裘德Most of his novels are set in Wessex（威塞克斯）. 现实主义时期诗歌Robert Browning (布朗宁, 18121889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of dramatic verse, especially dramatic monologues戏剧独白, made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. Alfred Tennyson (丁尼生，1809 1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets. Tennyson excelled at penning short lyrics, including Break, break, breakOscar Wilde (王尔德, 1854 1900) playwright and one novel, known for his aestheticism唯美主义(art for arts sake为了艺术而艺术). His major plays include The Importance of Being Earnest不可儿戏; His major novel is The Picture of Dorian Gray道林-格雷的画像20世纪和现代主义Bernard Shaw (萧伯纳, 1856-1950), an Irish playwright, the greatest dramatist in English literature in the 20th century. He adhered to the tradition of realism, writing plays as a way to discuss social problems. He won Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. His major plays include, Mrs Warrens Profession华伦夫人的情人, Major Barbara芭芭拉少校, Pygmalion 皮革马力翁 and Saint Joan圣女贞德John Galsworthy (高尔斯华绥, 1867-1933) one of the most important novelists in the Early 20th century， a Nobel Prize winner. His major works is Forsyte Saga 福尔赛世家which comprises three novels:The Man of Property有产业的人, In Chancery衡平法院 To Let 出租Joseph Conrad (康拉德, 1857-1932)Conrad was born in Poland and an English novelist. His major novels include Lord Jim 吉姆爷and The Heart of Darkness黑暗的心. James Joyce (乔伊斯, 1882-1941):An Irish born novelist, known for the technique of the stream of consciousness. His main works: Ulysses 尤利西斯; A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ; 青年艺术家的肖像Finnegans Wake; 芬尼根彻夜祭Dubliners都柏林人E. M. Forster （福斯特, 1879-1970）an English novelist, A Passage to India 印度之行T.S. Eliot (T.S.艾略特, 1888-1965)：American poet, best known for his poem The Waste Land 荒原, 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature.David Herbert Lawrence (D.H.劳伦斯, 1885-1930), an English novelist. His most important novels are, Rainbow 彩虹 and Sons and Lovers儿子与情人. He is the founder of stream of consciousness意识流. William Butler Yeats (叶芝, 1865-1939)an Irish poet and awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1923. His major poems include Sailing to Byzantium驶向拜占庭and Leda and Swan利达和天鹅. Samuel Beckett (贝克特，1906-1989), an Irish dramatist and Nobel Prize winner for Literature. His masterpiece is Waiting for Godot等待戈多. He is the exponent of the theatre of the absurd 荒诞派戏剧. Iris Jean Murdoch (默多克, 1919-1999), English female novelist, her major novels include Black Prince黑王子, The Sea, the Sea大海啊，大海and Unicorn 独角兽Doris Lessing (莱辛, 1919-) is a British writer, author of works such as the novels The Grass is Singing. In 2007, Lessing won the Nobel Prize in Literature.Muriel Spark （斯帕克, 1918-2006）English female novelist, best known for her novel The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1961) 布罗迪小姐的青春Virginia Woolf (伍尔夫, 1882-1941)Woolf is an exponent of modernism and one of the most important female novelists. Her major works include Mrs. Dalloway达洛威夫人, To the Lighthouse 向灯塔去.美国文学殖民地革命时期 Benjamin Franklin (富兰克林, 1706-1790): one of American founding fathers (建国之父)Major works: Autobiography自传Poor Richards Almanack 穷人理查历书Jonathan Edwards (爱德华兹，1703 1758) was a colonial theologian and writer. His work is often associated with the Puritan heritage. His famous sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,落在忿怒之神手中的罪人is credited for starting the First Great Awakening. Thomas Pain (潘恩, 1737-1809):British pamphleteer. Major works: Common Sense常识（1776）Federalists Papers联邦党人文集: Alexander Hamilton汉密尔顿John Jay杰伊James Madison曼迪逊浪漫主义时期Romantic Period（1790-1865）：Earlier Romantic Period (1790-1830)Romantic Heyday (1830-1865)Earlier Romantic Period:Washington Irving (1783-1859)Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) Washington Irving (华盛顿 欧文, 1783-1859): American romantic novelist. He was best known for his short stories “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle”, both of which appear in his book The Sketch Book见闻札记. Irving is the first American writer who gained international fame.James Fenimore Cooper (库珀, 1789-1851):American romantic novelist , best remembered for his Leatherstocking Tales 皮袜子故事 (The Pioneer拓荒者, Deer Slayer猎鹿者, Pathfinder探路人, Prairie大草原, The Last of the Mohicans最后的莫西干人) featuring frontiersman Natty Bumppo. 2) Romantic Heyday (1830-1865): Waldo Ralph EmersonHenry David ThoreauWalt WhitmanEmily Dickinson Nathaniel HawthorneHerman Melville Harriet Beecher StoweEdgar Allan PoeTranscendentalists（超验主义）: Waldo Ralph EmersonHenry David ThoreauWalt WhitmanWalt Whitman (惠特曼，1819-1882): American romantic poet, father of free verse(自由诗) , best known for his collection of poems Leaves of Grass 草叶集Waldo Ralph Emerson (爱默生，1803-1882): leader of the transcendentalism, his essay Nature 论自然is the manifesto of transcendentalism. his another essay The American Scholar美国学者 is considered to be Americas Intellectual Declaration of Independence”. Henry David Thoreau (梭罗, 18171862) : American romantic writer best known for his book Walden瓦尔登湖, a reflection upon simple living. Herman Melville (麦尔维尔, 18191891) : American novelist, best known for his novel Moby-Dick白鲸Nathaniel Hawthorne (霍桑, 18041864): American novelist, best known for his four romances(传奇小说):The Scarlet Letter红字The House of the Seven Gables 七个尖尖角的房子The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇 The Marble Faun玉石人像Emily Dickinson (狄金森，18301886) American poetess, whose poetry are concerned with life, death and immortality.Harriet Beecher Stowe (斯托尔夫人, 18111896 American female novelist, whose novel Uncle Toms Cabin (1852) 汤姆叔叔的小屋attacked the cruelty of slavery.) Realism 现实主义Mark Twain (马克吐温1835 1910), American novelist. most noted for his novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer （汤姆索亚历险记）and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝恩历险记Life on the Mississippi River密西西比河上的生活Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court 亚瑟王朝的康涅狄克州的美国佬The Gilded Age 镀金时代Henry James (亨利詹姆斯1843-1916), American realist novelist, founder of international novel（国际题材小说） Important works:The American 美国人The Europeans 欧洲人The Portrait of a Lady 贵妇画像The Wings of the Dove 鸽冀The Ambassadors 大使The Golden Bowl 金碗O. Henry 欧亨利 was the pen name of American novelist William Sydney Porter (1862 1910). O. Henrys short stories are well known for his short stories such as Cop and Anthem (警察和赞美诗) and Gift of Magie (麦琪的礼物)William Dean Howells (豪威尔斯, 1837 1920) was an American realist novelist and literary critic. Major works include The Rise of Silas Lapham 赛拉斯 拉帕姆的发迹Theodore Dreiser (德莱塞, 18711945) American novelist and journalist. He pioneered the naturalist school and is known for his novels Sister Carrie 嘉莉妹妹and An American Tragedy 美国悲剧and his desire trilogy欲望三部曲:The Financier 金融家The Titan 巨头The Stoic 斯多葛American Naturalist （自然主义）1) Stephen Crane 克莱恩2) Frank Norris 诺里斯3) Jack London 杰克-伦敦1) Stephen Crane (克莱恩, 18711900) was an American novelist. He won international acclaim for his 1895 Civil War novel The Red Badge of Courage红色的英勇勋章.2) Frank Norris (诺瑞斯18701902) American novelist. His notable works include McTeague麦克提格 , The Octopus章鱼3) Jack London (杰克 伦敦, 18761916) American novelist, known for his novel Martin Eden 马丁 伊登, The Call of the Wild 野性的呼唤. 20世纪和现代主义-诗歌T.S. Eliot (T.S.艾略特, 1888-1965)：American poet, best known for his poem The Waste Land 荒原, 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature.Ezra Pound（庞德）: American imagist poet意象派诗人, major poems include Cantos 诗章, Hugh Selwyn Maubery (莫伯里), Cathay (华夏translation of ancient Chinese poems)Robert Frost (弗罗斯特, 18741963) American poet. He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life in New England and his command of American colloquial speech. His work was first recognized in England and then in America.Wallace Stevens（斯蒂文斯, 1879-1955）American poet, best known for his poem Anecdote for the Jar and his emphasis on Imagination.Allen Ginsberg (金斯伯格, 1926-1997), American poet of Beat Generation (垮掉的一代), best known for his poem “Howl”嚎Ernest Hemingway (海明威, 18991961) American novelist. He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris, and one of the veterans of World War I later known as the Lost Generation. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Major works:The Sun also Rises 太阳照样升起A Farewell to Arms 永别了-武器The Old Man and the Sea老人与海For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣“Meditation XVII”, an essay by metaphysical poet John Donne 多恩“any mans death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind, and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.” Fitzgerald (菲茨杰拉德, 18961940) American writer of novels, whose works are evocative of the Jazz Age. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the “Lost Generation“. Most important works is The Great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比which represents the destruction of American dream.Lost Generation迷惘的一代:The Lost Generation is a phrase made popular by American author Ernest Hemingway in his first published novel The Sun Also Rises. Figures identified with the Lost Generation include authors and poets Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, John Dos