《国际贸易实务u》PPT课件.ppt

Chapter 2 Subject Matter of Sales Contract 1. Commodity 1.1 Definition 1.2 Some points necessary to the Clause Case 1:某出口公司与外商成交一批罐头，合 同上的品名为“铁罐装洋梨罐头”， 而信用证 上的品名为“洋梨罐头”。问遇此情况如何制 作单据？ 2. Quality 2.1 Definition: The intrinsic quality and outside form or shape of the goods. 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Sales by actual quality（实物表示商品品 质）: Sales by Sample(凭样品买卖)： Sales by Sellers Sample ( Duplicate samples)； Sales by Buyers Sample( Return sample) Case 2 凭我方样品成交，对美国出口高档瓷器一 批，合同中规定有“货到目的港60天内复验 ，索赔有效”条款。货到经对方复验后，并 未提出异议。事过一年，对方来电称：“这 批瓷器全部釉裂，必须按原价降低60%， 否则全部退回。”接电后，经查验我方留存 之复样，也发现釉下裂纹。问我方应如何 处理？ Case 3 An import and export company in China reached a transaction of exporting sickle(镰刀）to a Thailand imported by “sale by samples”. The contract stipulated that the valid period of re-inspection was within 60 days after the goods arrival at the port of destination. The Thailand importer did not raise any objections to the goods after the re-inspection of the arrival goods at the port of the destination.100 days later, however, the Thailand importer called, saying that: All the sickles were rusted and had to be on sale. Therefore Thailand importer claimed a 40%of the total price as a compensation for their losses. Then the seller immediately reviewed our retained sample, also found the similar problem. Question: should the seller agree on the buyers requirements? Why? Case 4 某出口公司凭买方样品成交金属拉手一批 ，合同规定3-4月份装船，但须买方认可回 样后方能装运。2月下旬买方开来信用证也 有同样的字句。我方多次试制回样未得到 买方认可，故我不能如期装运。到了5月份 ，买方以延误船期而要求赔偿。问我方该 如何处理？ 2.2.2 Sales by Description 用文字说明表示商品质量 a. Sales by specification(凭规格买卖 ) Plain Satin Silk Width (inch) 55 Length (yds) 38/42 Weight (m/m) 16.5 Composition 100%silk 素面锻 b. Sale by grade(凭等级买卖 ) Fresh Hen Eggs, shell light brown and clean, even in size Grade AA: 6065gm per egg Grade A: 5560gm per egg Grade B: 5055gm per egg Case 5 A Chinese export company made a transaction of apples with a foreign company. Its stipulated “second-class apples” in the quality terms on the contract of sales and letter of credit. However, they found the second-class apples had been all sold out when they began to arrange the shipment. As a result, the company switched to the delivery of “first-class apples”, and the invoice stated that:“ the price of the “first-class apples is the same as that of the second-class”. Finally, the importer refused to accept and pay due to the inconsistency with the quality contract terms. Question: What do you think of this case? c. Sales by standard(凭标准买卖 ) F.A.Q. -Fair Average Quality良好平均品质 G.M.Q.-Good Merchantable Quality凭上好可 销品质买卖 d. Sales by brand or trade mark(凭品牌或商标买卖 ) Maling Brand Sauce (梅林牌） e. Sale by description and illustration(凭说明书和图样买卖 ) Quality and technical data to be strictly in conformity with the description submitted by the seller 机电仪表及大宗初级产品宜于凭规格、等 级或标准买卖；工艺品宜于凭样品买卖； 有特色的名优产品宜于凭牌号或商标买卖 ；机械、电器、仪表类商品宜于凭说明书 和图样买卖；地方风味和特色的产品可凭 产地名称买卖。 2.3 Quality Clause Tolerance Clause a. The wording “Quality to be considered and being about equal to the sample”or similar expression is added to the quality clause. b. Quality Tolerance Eg. Fish Meal (鱼粉） Protein 55% Min Fat 9% Max Moisture 11% Max Salt4% Max Sand4% Max c. Flexible Ranges i.a given range（规定范围）： Width (inch) 38/42 ii.a limit（规定极限）:Moisture 15% max iii. a more or less clause（规定上下差异）: Moisture 5%(allowing 1% more or less) Case 6 我先后向中东某国家出口纯毛纺织品数批 ，货到国外后买方一一收货，从未提出异 议。但数月之后，买方寄来制成的服装一 套，声称用我毛料制成的服装色差严重， 难以投入市场销售，因而要求赔偿。问对 此应如何解决？ 3. Quantity 3.1 Unit of Measurement 6种: weight, capacity, number; length; area; volume 3.1.1 Measurement of Weight: Gross weight; Net weight; Conditioned weight; Theoretical weight; Legal weight Case 7 A company imported from Australia 10 metric tons of wool with the quantity stipulation of the contract: “10 metric tons.” At last, the Australian side dispatched the wool with an actual moisture regain rate of 33.3%, so the buyer suffered losses from this, Question: What can we learn from the case? Conditioned weight= actual weight x (1+standard moisture regain rate)/ (1+ actual moisture regain rate) 3.2 Clauses of Quantity 3.2.1 基本内容： 成交商品的具体数字和计量单位 3.2.2 数量的机动幅度条款 a. 在合同的数量条款中加“约”字（根据UCP500，幅度 为不超过10%的增减幅度） b.more or less clause(溢短装条款 ) 在规定具体数量的同时，再在合同中规定允许多装 或少装一定的百分比。 ( 也可称为增减条款） 5000M/T, with 5% more or less at sellers option 如： 200set; 4800pcs; 600MT Settlement of More or Less Clause (1) According to the Contract Price (2) According to the Prevailing Market Price at the Time of Delivery Case 8 An ore(矿砂）exporting contract specified the terms as following: “2500 M/T, 3%more or less at the sellers option.” When the seller prepared to take delivery, the international market price went upward. Question: (1) How much are you going to delivery as a seller? Why? (2) Standing in the position of the buyer, what should be paid attention to during negociation of the terms of the contract? Case 9 我国某出口公司向日本出口驴肉一批 ，合同规定：每箱净重16.6公斤，共 1500箱，合24.9吨。但货抵国外后， 经日本海关查验，每箱净重并非16.6 公斤而是20公斤，计1500箱，合30吨 。海关认为单货不符，进口商以多报 少。问这会出现何种后果？ Case 10 国内某粮油进出口公司从国外进口小麦， 合同数量500万公吨，允许溢短装10%，而 外商装船时共装了600万公吨，对多装的50 万公吨，我方应如何处理？ 4. Package 4.1 Function 4.2 Types：a. 按出口货物是否需要加包装 Bulk, Nude, Packed b.按包装在流通过程中所起作用 Sales Packing( 销售包装)； Transport Packing(运输包装) Case 11 在荷兰某超市上有黄色竹制罐装的茶叶一 批，罐的一面刻有中文“中国茶叶”四字，另 一面刻有我国古装仕女图，看上去精致美 观，颇具民族特色，但国外消费者少有问 津，请问这是什么缘故？ 4.3包装标志 运输标志 （shipping mark) 唛头 CDI SAN FRANCISCO No. 1/100 CME S/C NO.5624EC BANGKOK CTN/NO.1-500 唛头由：客户缩写； 目的港； 件号组成。也可以 加上合同号或信用证号 Indicative Mark (指示性标志) Warning Marks(警告性标志) Marks of Origin (原产地标志) 中性包装（neutral packing) 是指在出口商品和内外 包装上不显示生产国别的一种特殊包装。 a. 定牌中性包装 b. 在商品和/或包装上使用买方指定的商标/牌名 c. 但不注明生产国别的包装。 b. 无牌中性包装 在商品和包装上均不使用任何商标牌名，也不注明 生产国别的包装。 Case 12 A Philippine customer and Shanghai bicycle factory negotiated to import “forever” brand bicycle of 10 000 sets, but the Philippine customer required the Shanghai factory to use “sword” brand trademark, and shall not indicate in the packing of “Made In China”. 4.4 Clause of Packing 4.4.1 Including packing material, means, specification, marks and charges , etc. Eg: In wooden cases of 50kg net each To be packed in new strong wooden cases suitable for long voyage and well protected against dampness,moisture,shock, rust and rough handling. 4.4.2 Four Points should be taken good care: Case 13 我国出口某化工原料，共500吨，合同与来 证均规定麻袋装。但我到装船发货时发现 麻袋装货物只够450吨，剩下的50吨便以塑 料袋装冲抵。问这有无问题？ Case 14 我某商品出口，在与外商签订合同时规定 由我方出唛头，因此，我方在备货时将唛 头刷好，但到装船前不久，国外开来信用 证上又指定了唛头，问这种情况下应如何 处理？ Case 15 英国穆尔公司以CIF伦敦的条件，从兰托公 司购买300箱澳大利亚水果罐头。合同规定 ：“箱装，每箱30听。”卖方所交货物中有 150箱为每箱30听装，其余150箱为每箱24 听，买方拒收。卖方争辩说，“每箱30听”字 样并非合同的重要部分，不论是24听还是 30听，其品质均与合同相符，因此，买方 应接受。你如何看待此纠纷？ Case 16 One Chinese export company exported some goods to Canada, valued at USD800 000.The contract stated that it should be packed in plastic bags, marks with English and French on each item. But the Chinese company used other packaging instead in the actual delivery, and still used only English marks. The foreign merchant, in order to adapt to the requirement of the local market and sales, hired people to change the packing and shipping marks. Then asked for the sellers claim. The Chinese company recognized they were wrong and compensated the customer. Question: Try to analyse the case. Case 17 Shanghai export company A signed with Company B in Hong Kong of 1000 sets of bicycles. Documents were made in duplicate by A, including packaging provision for “Packed in wooden cases”. The contract was sent to Party B. B signed the contract on the back after the original packaging with terms of “C.K.D.” which did not cause the attention of Company A. Then, according to the contract, Company B opened an L/C, with which company A made credit settlement and sent the goods to the port of destination. Because the bicycles were imported as a whole set so it was needed to pay 20% duties more. Therefore, they rejected the goods and deman