2018届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第四部分写作专项演练课时27短文改错.docx

课时27短文改错一、短文改错的特点短文改错着重考查学生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力，它是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和对语言的综合运用能力的测试题型。这种题型不仅要求考生牢固掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求考生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑推理能力。它是针对考生平时学习英语过程中，尤其是写作中常犯的错误而设计的，所以在考生平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。1立意特点。短文改错是全面考查考生对英语基础知识的灵活运用能力的一种题型，这不仅检测考生的语法知识，也全国考查考生的写作能力。2情景特点。(1)短文改错的语言材料通常来自考生的文章或类似于考生习作的文章。所以材料篇幅较短，约110词左右，1012个句子；难度不大，基本上无生僻的词汇和语法结构。短文改错的话题较常见，通常是叙述一件事情或说明一个事物。这种试题能反映出考生准备运用语言的能力。(2)从体裁上看，历年高考试题中的短文改错以记叙文和应用文为主，兼顾说明文和议论文。3设题特点。短文改错常从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，要求考生识别并纠正短文中的语言知识错误，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力。短文改错的错误类型有多词、缺词和错词三种，在文章的10个错误中，其比例一般为118，即1个多词、1个缺词、8个错词。错词多为动词、名词和副词 等方面的错误；多词和缺词则多为冠词和介词的冗余或缺失等。短文改错的考查点注意有：形容词和副词的比较等级、名词的单复数、固定短语、人称代词指代的一致性、物主代词、从句的连接词、时态、介词、情态动词以及非谓语动词等。二、解题技巧第一步：通读全文找错。通读全文的目的是理解短文大意，找出其中逻辑方面的错误。这一过程中一定要注意检查句与句之间的衔接是否合理，是否出现逻辑方面的错误，文章总体上使用的是什么时态，代词指代是否明确，上下文是否出现自相矛盾的地方等。第二步：字斟句酌辨析。改错既要防止只见树木不见森林、拘泥细节的做法，又要避免粗枝大叶、忽略细节的错误。在近几年的高考短文改错试题中，细节性错误占百分之七八十，所以做此类题时一定要仔细研究文章的每一个细节，不放过任何一处可能存在的问题，每一个单词都要斟酌一下是否使用正确。第三步：再读全文复查。这一步主要检查有没有语言不通、缺词漏词的现象，因果、转折或顺承等逻辑有没有问题，时态语态是否一致合理等。在这一过程中要将之前改不出来的部分再看一遍，检查常考的设错点有没有缺漏等，例如：如果没有名词单复数或动词时态方面的错误，那么就要再通读原文查找是否出现了这方面的错误；通读时发现有设错点重复的，也要加以改正。比如出现了两处冠词的错误，那么就要检查一下是否两个真的都错了还是哪个在改动上有误。【典题演练】(2017新课标全国卷)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday，I took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructors orders，so once I started the car，my mind goes blank.I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.【能力提升演练】AMr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house.They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.They have also bought for some gardening tools.Beside，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!BA woman was at a cinema and she was enjoying the movie very much. But there was a man sit beside her in the next seat. He was looking for something. The woman was angrily and said to the man, “What are you doing, sir? What are you looking ? Could you please keep quiet？” “I was looking for a piece of chocolate.” the man said, “I dropped them on the floor.” “The piece of chocolate？” the woman said angrily. “It is dirty now. Taking this and to be quiet.” She gave the man a big piece of chocolate. “And，” the man said, “my teeth are in the pieces of chocolate on the floor.”CWhen I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies.I had grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years.About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.DMy parents live in the country.They keep a dog calling Ah Fu. One day my parent went to work in the field take my little sister and Ah Fu along.While they were working，my little sister walked to the river nearby.Ah Fu followed her to there.She was trying to pick a flower while she fell into the river.Ah Fu barked and jumped the water immediately.When my parents heard Ah Fu barking or ran to the river，we saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister.My parents praised Ah Fu warm.It was our brave Ah Fu who has saved my little sister.EDear Tom，How are you going it? You asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming summer vacation. I am sorry that I didnt reply with delay.However, I was busy prepared for my final exam at that time, when is vital for me. As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study. I believe that if you are me, you would make a same choice.By the way, I have a busy schedule for my summer vacations. First and foremost, I would do a parttime job so that our interpersonal skills would be improved. Additional, maybe I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant. I am looking forward your earliest reply.Yours，Li HuaFBehind my apartment，there was used to be a dirty and messy corner. Bits of plastic bags hanged on the trees.Broken bottles were left laying here and there.There was a damaging car in the center.The whole corner gave out a unpleasant smell.One year ago，we decided to turn it in a beautiful park.Since then，great changes have taken place in that corner.All the rubbishes has been cleared away.Flowers or young trees have been planted all over.Now birds come here to sing, children come here to play，and adults come here to enjoy our peaceful life.It has taken a new look.GWe can do a lot in our daily life to achieve the goal of lowcarbon life. First, wed better turn off lights if possibly and spent less time watching TV or surfing the Internet. Save water also matters a lot. Beside, we should sort out the rubbish, hoping that we might recycle some of them, which will surely benefit from us a great deal. In addition, we suggest using handkerchief instead of tissues so that we can prevent more trees from cut down. More importantly, when we go out, walking, riding bikes or taking buses should be our first choice, which contribute to a clean world.HMr. and Mrs. Black went to see the movie yesterday evening. They couldnt leave their son at home alone, therefore he was only ten months old. They had to take her to the cinema. When they walked in, office worker stopped them but said, “Youll have to get out if your little son cry, but you can get all your money back.”Forty minute later, Mr. Black asked his wife, “How do you think of the movie？” “Its too bored！” answered his wife. “I dont like it, too.” Mr. Black said，“Why not wake up our son and let him to cry？”IIt is known to all, nowadays the Internet is playing the more and more important part in our daily life.In it, we can not only read news at home and abroad also get so much information as possible.We are often send emails to our classmates or our teachers or make telephone calls to our family as well as our friends.However, we can go to school on the net, read different kinds of books and even teach myself English.We can also enjoying music, watch sports and play computer games on the net.We could do shopping even without leaving our homes.JHave you ever wanted to make your own movies? The new Windows 7 Live might perfect for you. Microsoft launched its new program and say the new system is fast and more fun than the old one. According to Microsoft, children will find that easier to play and learn with Windows 7. Engineers and designers at Microsoft worked hard to creating the program. With the new program, making movies and the other creative projects is something which anyone can do. Microsoft engineers have also created a game calling Kodu. It lets children create your own world and the characters in it. Microsoft hopes to change why children use computers.KI saw an accident happening on my way to home this afternoon. A girl was crossing the street on a zebra crossing while a young man drove a motorbike towards her. The young man saw the girl and tried to stop, and he drove too fast to stop. He hit the girl and fell off her motorbike. The girl was badly hurt and couldnt move. The young man didnt know how to do. I ran to a phone box nearby and dialed 110. Soon the police reached. They sent her hospital at once. One of the policeman talked to the young man and wrote something down while he was talking. I thought it is very dangerous to drive very fast.LId like to tell you something about the problem of pollution we are facing to. As we know, the factory beside our school gave off heavy smoke all day long. Very loudly noises hurt our ears. Rubbish and waste are thrown here or there. It also sends out polluting water and poisonous gas. All this has done great harms to the health and study of the teachers and students. But as time goes by, little has done to change the situation. I dont think you can study well after the problem is solved. We do hope if youll help and support us.MI watch TV until nearly 12 oclock, so I could not go over my lessons. This morning I got up very late that I had to hurry to school without breakfast. Yet I was late for the first class. When I entered the classroom, the math teacher also had to stop explaining a problem, and all the eyes fixed upon me. My face turned red. Something even had happened on me in the English class. The teacher asked me to recite the text, but I could speak nothing but sorry, because I did not spend any times preparing my lessons. The teacher looked at me coldly. I stood at my bench, not dare to raise my head. What a terrible day I had! I will never do something like this again.NReading books is good for us. So far, I have read numerous books, such as magazine, novels, story books and so on. Yet one of the books that I like it best is My Life Story.It was created by Helen Keller, a blind, deaf and dumb person. In the book, she write that she had not been able to see, hear and speak since the age of one year and seven months. If she was seven years old, she knew Miss Sullivan, her private tutor. Miss Sullivan helped her learn how write English words. At first, Miss Sullivan wrote any words on Helens hands with her own fingers again and again. Helen tried as much as possible to remember words and her efforts paying off. After that, she wrote and published many famous works, among that is My Life Story.It shows us an universal truth: Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it! This is why I like it best.第四部分写作专项演练课时27短文改错【典题演练】In the summer holiday following my birthday，I took driving lessons.I still remember how hard first day was.Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructors orders， once I started the car，my mind blank.I forgot what he had said to me altogether.The instructor kept repeating the ，“Speed up！” “Slow down！”“ left！” I was so nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.A few minutes ，the instructor asked me to stop the car.It was a relief and I came to a stop just in the middle the road.【能力提升演练】AMr.and Mrs.Zhang work in our school.They live far from the school，and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day.In their spare time，they are in planting vegetables in their garden， is on the rooftop of their house.They often get up and water the vegetables together.They have also bought some gardening tools.，they often get some useful from the Internet.When summer ，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!BA woman was at a cinema and she was enjoying the movie very much. But there was a man beside her in the next seat. He was looking for something. The woman was and said to the man, “What are you doing, sir? What are you looking ？ Could you please keep quiet？” “I looking for a piece of chocolate.” the man said, “I dropped on the floor.” “ piece of chocolate？”the woman said angrily. “It is dirty now. this and be quiet.” She gave the man a big piece of chocolate. “，” the man said, “my teeth are in the of chocolate on the floor.”CWhen I look at this picture of myself，I realize how fast time flies.I grown not only physically， also mentally in the past few years.About one month after this photo was ，I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club.Around me in picture are the things were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.I enjoyed studying kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the music albums.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of high school days.DMy parents live in the country.They keep a dog Ah Fu. One day my went to work in the field my little sister and Ah Fu along.While they were working, my little sister walked to river nearby.Ah Fu followed her there.She was trying to pick a flower she fell into the river.Ah Fu barked and jumped the water immediately.When my parents heard Ah Fu barking ran to the river， saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister.My parents praised Ah Fu .It was our brave Ah Fu who has saved my little sister.EDear Tom，How are you going ？ You asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming summer vacation. I am sorry that I didnt reply delay.However, I was busy for my final exam at that time, is vital for me. As a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study. I believe that if you me, you would make same choice.By the way, I have a busy schedule for my summer . First and foremost, I would do a parttime job so that interpersonal skills would be improved. ， maybe I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant. I am looking forward your earliest reply.Yours，Li HuaFBehind my apartment，there used to be a dirty and messy corner. Bits of plastic bags on the trees.Broken bottles were left here and there.There was a car in the center.The whole corner gave out unpleasant smell.One year ago, we decided to turn it a beautiful park.Since then，great changes have taken place in that corner.All the has been cleared away.Flowers young trees have been planted all over.Now birds come here to sing, children come here to play, and adults come here to enjoy peaceful life.It has taken a new look.GWe can do a lot in our daily life to achieve the goal of lowcarbon life. First, wed better turn off lights if and less time watching TV or surfing the Internet. water also matters a lot. ， we should sort out the rubbish, hoping that we might recycle some of ， which will surely benefit us a great deal. In addition, we suggest using instead of tissues so that we can prevent more trees from cut down. More importantly, when we go out, walking, riding bikes or taking buses should be our first choice, which to a world.HMr. and Mrs. Black went to see the movie yesterday evening. They couldnt leave their son at home alone, he was only ten months old. They had to take to the cinema. When they walked in, office worker stopped them said, “Youll have to get out if your little son ， but you can get all your money back.”Forty later, Mr. Black asked his wife, “ do you think of the movie？” “Its too ！” answered his wife. “I dont like it, .” Mr. Black said，“Why not wake up our son and let him cry？”I is known to all, nowadays the Internet is playing more and more important part in our daily life. it, we can not only read news at home and abroad also get so much information as possible.We often send emails to our classmates or our teachers or make telephone calls to our as well as our friends. ， we can go to school on the net, read different kinds of books and even teach English.We can also music, watch sports and play computer games on the net.We do shopping even without leaving our homes.JHave you ever wanted to make your own movies? The new Windows 7 Live might perfect for you. Microsoft launched its new program and the new system is and more fun than the old one. According to Microsoft, children will find easier to play and learn with Windows 7. Engineers and designers at Microsoft worked hard to the program. With the new program, making movies and other creative projects is something anyone can do. Microsoft engineers have also created a game Kodu. It lets children create own world and the characters in it. Microsoft hopes to change children use computers.KI saw an accident on my way home this afternoon. A girl was crossing the street on a zebra crossing a young man drove a motorbike towards her. The young man saw the girl and tried to stop, he drove too fast to stop. He hit the girl and fell off motorbike. The girl was badly hurt and couldnt move. The young man didnt know to do. I ran to a phone box nearby and dialed 110. Soon the police . They sent her hospital at once. One of the talked to the young man and wrote something down while he was talking. I it is very dangerous to drive very fast.LId like to tell you something about the problem of po