外文翻译-- 水性聚氨酯.docx

外文资料翻译Water-borne polyurethane The water-borne polyurethane resin already gradually replace the solvent-based, become the important direction of polyurethane industry. The water-borne polyurethane can be widely used in coating, adhesive, coated fabric and finishing agent, leather finishing agent, paper surface treated and fiber surface treated. This project funded by the national natural science funds research and ten years of research, has become a mature anion type polyurethane emulsion and cation emulsifying since emulsified polyurethane emulsion type synthesis modification since the technology, can provide 1 tons/day water-borne polyurethane production capacity of production set of technology and equipment technology. This project can be based on user needs, for formula design of waterborne polyurethane with adjustment to meet requirements of actual use, and can be combined with high technical preparation nanometer heterozygous water-borne polyurethane. The water-borne polyurethane whole synthetic process can be divided into two phases. The first stage for, namely the advance gradually polymerization oligomer glycol, chain extension agent, water-based monomer and diisocyanate through a solution gradually polymerization generating relative molecular mass for l000 middleweight of waterborne polyurethane; The second stage for neutralization of prepolymerization body in the water after the scattered. Waterborne PU due to its environmental protection, although history is not long, but is developing very fast. The water-borne polyurethane including PU solution, water dispersed and water emulsion three, colloidal system for binary, polyurethane (PU) particles scattered the prototype, also have called studied.it waterborne PU or water-based PU. Due to the diversity of polyurethane materials and formula, the water-borne polyurethane development 40 years or so of time, people have developed many kinds of preparation methods and preparation formula. The water-borne polyurethane varities, can press a variety of methods classification. 1. With appearance points The water-borne polyurethane polyurethane emulsion, polyurethane can be divided into dispersed, pu solution. The actual application is the largest polyurethane emulsion and dispersed, 2. According to the use form of points The water-borne polyurethane adhesive according to using single-component forms can be divided into two categories. And two components Can use directly without crosslinking agent, or can be used to obtain the required performance water-borne polyurethane called single-component aqueous pu adhesives. If used alone cannot obtain the desired performance, must add crosslinking agent; Or general single-component water-borne polyurethane after adding cross-linking agent can improve adhesive ability, in these cases, the water-borne polyurethane main agent and composed of crosslinking agent they will two-component system. 3. To the nature points hydrophilic groups According to polyurethane molecular side chain or main chain, namely whether it contains ion groups of polymer (from whether ionic norbornene-type homopolymers), can be divided into anionic water-borne polyurethane type, cationic of non-ionic,. Contain anion and cation water-borne polyurethane (also called from water-borne polyurethane norbornene-type homopolymers type). 4. With polyurethane materials points According to the main oligomer polyols types can be divided into polyether type, polyester and polyolefin type etc, are refers to using polyether polyols, polyester polyols, like polybutadiene glycol as oligomer polyols water-borne polyurethane made. And polyether - polyester, polyether - like polybutadiene mixed with polyurethane isocyanate raw material points, can be divided into aromatic isocyanate type, aliphatic isocyanate type, fat alicyclic isocyanate type. According to the specific material also can be divided, such as TDI type, HDI type, etc. 5. According to the overall structure of the polyurethane resin division (1) by raw material and structure can be divided into polyurethane emulsion, vinyl polyurethane emulsion, much isocyanate emulsion, closing polyurethane emulsion. Polyurethane emulsion refers to the oligomer polyols and extender chain agent and diisocyanate as raw materials, usually methods of polyurethane dispersed in water preparation by the formation of the emulsion. Vinyl polyurethane emulsion generally refers to in vinyl resin emulsion aqueous or add isocyanate emulsion, is formed two-component system. Many isocyanate emulsion containing hydrophilic groups refers to how isocyanate emulsified in water, or more isocyanate organic solution containing emulsifier dispersed in the water, but also the emulsion formed two-component use namely match system, applicable period shorter. Closing isocyanate emulsion refers to molecule containing blocked isocyanate groups of polyurethane emulsion, is a stable single-component system. In the preparation of polyurethane emulsion introduced when company closed isocyanate group, also can be made into closed isocyanate groups for high content of emulsion, blending with other emulsion system, up crosslinking role, moisture volatilizes cross-linking after heating (2) polyurethane emulsion also can be divided for polyurethane emulsion and polyurethane emulsion, the latter urea - means that the polyurethane dispersed in water and through water or 2 amine extender chain, formed the polyurethane emulsion, essentially generated by urea, but because - prepolymerization body for more common scattered legal system, the custom of polyurethane emulsion is called the majority. (3) according to the molecular structure can be divided into linear molecules polyurethane emulsion (thermoplastic) and crosslinking polyurethane emulsion (thermoset). Crosslinking type and can be divided into twelve diplomatic league type within. Various league polyurethane emulsion within the synthesis is formed when a certain degree of branched crosslinking molecular structure, or the sexual group, it is related to the stability of one-component system. Diplomatic united are added in the emulsion with polyurethane molecular chain reactions groups in the crosslinking agent, is two-component system. The water-borne polyurethane coatings The water-borne polyurethane coating is the water-borne polyurethane carbonblack and taking water as a kind of coating scattered medium. Through the crosslinking modification of waterborne polyurethane coating with good storage stability, coating mechanical properties, resistance to water resistance, solvent resistance, ageing resistance properties, but also with the traditional solvent polyurethane coating performance similar waterborne pu coatings, is one of the important developing direction. The current breed basically include thermosetting polyurethane coatings and contain closed isocyanate water-borne polyurethane coatings etc several varieties. (1) thermosetting polyurethane coatings. Crosslinking polyurethane can increase its solvent and hydrolysis resistance and stability. Polyurethane moisture with small medium in application of crosslinking agent with the system that mixes composition of thermosetting waterborne pu coatings, also called foreign league waterborne pu coatings. The main use of crosslinking agent how functional n c organism, amino resin (three polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or special polyesterimid resin of epoxy resin, etc. Using nitrogen c acetamiprid, general dosage for 3 to 5 percent of polyurethane quality, have very good crosslinking film formation; (2) the different acid ester containing closed waterborne pu coatings. The coating film raw materials by many isocyanate components and two parts containing hydroxyl components. Many isocyanate be phenol or other including single functional compounds have closed lively hydrogen atoms, so two parts can close pack without reaction, a single component coating, and have good storage stability. Many isocyanate components and phenol, malonates, caprolactam reacts blocker such as ammonia ester keys, and ammonia ester keys on heating and cracking formation isocyanate, again with hydroxyl the reactions that produce pu composition. So the closing polyurethane coating film is the use of different structural ammonia ester key thermal stability of difference to more stable ammonia ester keys to replace weaker ammonia ester key. There are many kinds of blocker, but aromatic isocyanate waterborne pu coatings mainly with phenol or cresol. Aliphatic water-borne polyurethane paint, are not phenolic, lest angry, can use lactic acid ethyl ester, caprolactam and diethyl malonate, acetyl acetone, ethyl allylacetoacetate etc; (3) ambient curable waterborne pu coatings. For some thermal mass and large workpieces, cannot use the heating of the crosslinking, must use room temperature cross-linking water-borne polyurethane coatings. American air products and chemical company reports, through and water more isocyanate dispersibility, combining can improve the hydroxyl waterborne polyurethane prepolymer/acrylates mixture, especially hydroxyl acrylates mixture of performance. Such waterborne pu coatings, using special much isocyanate crosslinking agent, ie NCO) the base (- the isocyanate pre-polymer after treatment, the hydrophilic polymer dispersed in various containing hydroxyl groups formed in dispersions, with a variety of medium composition containing hydroxyl polymer moisture in room temperature curable polyurethane coating; (4) uv-curable waterborne pu coatings. Uv-curable aqueous polyurethanes coating using electron beam radiation, high intensity of ultraviolet radiation caused low activity of radiation norbornene-type homopolymers system produce crosslinking curing, at present mainly by uv-curable form. Use first unsaturated polyester polyols preparation pre-polymer, then introduce particle in the conventional way, the hydrophilic groups made after processing in the Lord with the chain of polyurethane moisture medium, et cetera again and soluble epidemiological silane oxygen radicals three acrylic ester monomer, photosensitizer, additives mixed get uv-curable waterborne pu coatings; (5) the third generation of waterborne polyurethane coatings (PU years). Polyurethane (PU) emulsion and poly (acrylic acid emulsion (P years), compared with its solvent products with low price, security, not burning, non-toxic, no pollution, etc. Pure P years emulsion resistance, water resistance and existing chemical resistance, the defects of a single character difference of PU emulsion also has some disadvantages, such as stability, BaiZeng thick sex and membrane protect light sex differences, solid content high, application scope not widespread, etc. PU and P years with complementary role in nature. PU years composite latex and overcomes the advantages of both, has wear-resisting, corrosion resistance and shining, soft and elastic, water resistance and mechanical performance is good, weathering good features, so is known as third generation, now became water-borne polyurethane coating of a trend. 水性聚氨酯聚氨酯树脂的水性化已逐步取代溶剂型，成为聚氨酯工业发展的重要方向。水性聚氨酯可广泛应用于涂料、胶粘剂、织物涂层与整理剂、皮革涂饰剂、纸张表面处理剂和纤维表面处理剂。 本项目经过国家自然科学基金资助研究及十多年的研发，已具有成熟的阴离子型自乳化聚氨酯乳液和阳离子型自乳化聚氨酯乳液合成改性的技术，可提供1吨/天生产能力的水性聚氨酯生产的整套工艺和设备技术。本项目可根据用户的需求，对水性聚氨酯进行配方设计与调整以满足实际使用的要求，并可结合纳米杂化技术制备高性能的水性聚氨酯。 水性聚氨酯整个合成过程可分为两个阶段。第一阶段为预逐步聚合，即由低聚物二醇、扩链剂、水性单体、二异氰酸酯通过溶液逐步聚合生成相对分子质量为l000量级的水性聚氨酯预聚体；第二阶段为中和后预聚体在水中的分散。 水性PU因其具有环保作用，虽然历史不长，但发展非常迅速。水性聚氨酯包括聚氨酯水溶液、水分散液和水乳液三种，为二元胶态体系，聚氨酯（PU）粒子分散于连续的水相中，也有人称水性PU或水基PU由于聚氨酯原料和配方的多样性，水性聚氨酯开发40年左右的时间，人们已研究出许多种制备方法和制备配方。水性聚氨酯品种繁多，可以按多种方法分类。 1. 以外观分 水性聚氨酯可分为聚氨酯乳液、聚氨酯分散液、聚氨酯水溶液。实际应用最多的是聚氨酯乳液及分散液， 2. 按使用形式分 水性聚氨酯胶粘剂按使用形式可分为单组分及双组分两类。可直接使用，或无需交联剂即可得到所需使用性能的水性聚氨酯称为单组分水性聚氨酯胶粘剂。若单独使用不能获得所需的性能，必须添加交联剂；或者一般单组分水性聚氨酯添加交联剂后能提高粘接性能，在这些情况中，水性聚氨酯主剂和交联剂二者就组成双组分体系。 3. 以亲水性基团的性质分 根据聚氨酯分子侧链或主链上是否含有离子基团，即是否属离子键聚合物（离聚物)，水性聚氨酯可分为阴离子型、阳离子型、非离子型。含阴、阳离子的水性聚氨酯又称为离聚物型水性聚氨酯。 4. 以聚氨酯原料分 按主要低聚物多元醇类型可分为聚醚型、聚酯型及聚烯烃型等，分别指采用聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚丁二烯二醇等作为低聚物多元醇而制成的水性聚氨酯。还有聚醚-聚酯、聚醚聚丁二烯等混合 以聚氨酯的异氰酸酯原料分，可分为芳香族异氰酸酯型、脂肪族异氰酸酯型、脂环族异氰酸酯型。按具体原料还可细分，如TDI型、HDI型，等等。 5. 按聚氨酯树脂的整体结构划分 (1) 按原料及结构可分为聚氨酯乳液、乙烯基聚氨酯乳液、多异氰酸酯乳液、封闭型聚氨酯乳液。聚氨酯乳液是指以低聚物多元醇、扩链剂、二异氰酸酯为原料，以通常方法制备的聚氨酯分散于水所形成的乳液。乙烯基聚氨酯乳液一般指在乙烯基树脂水溶液或乳液中加入异氰酸酯而形成的乳液，是双组分体系。多异氰酸酯乳液是指含亲水基团多异氰酸酯乳化于水，或多异氰酸酯的有机溶液分散于含乳化剂的水而形成的乳液，也是双组分即用即配体系，适用期较短。封闭型异氰酸酯乳液是指分子中含有被封闭的异氰酸酯基团的聚氨酯乳液，是一种稳定的单组分体系。在制备聚氨酯乳液时司引入封闭异氰酸酯基团，也可制成封闭异氰酸酯基团含量高的乳液，用于和其他乳液体系共混，起交联作用，水分挥发后加热交联 (2) 聚氨酯乳液还可细分为聚氨酯乳液和聚氨酯-脲乳液，后者是指由聚氨酯预聚体在水中分散同时通过水或二胺扩链而形成的乳液，实质上生成了聚氨酯脲，但由于由预聚体分散法制备较为普遍，习惯上称为聚氨酯乳液者居多。 (3) 按分子结构可分为线性分子聚氨酯乳液(热塑性)和交联型聚氨酯乳液(热