2018高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第1讲细节理解题靶向训练.docx

专题一 阅读理解第1讲 细节理解题真题演练A(2017全国卷，阅读理解B)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife，a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain.However，when it works，it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived，I saw a 2to 3weekold owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine，If I could locate the nest，I might have been able to put it back，but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults；they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all！The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of allLUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者救助一只猫头鹰幼雏的经历。24.What is unavoidable in the authors rescue work according to Paragraph 1?AEfforts made in vain.BGetting injured in his work.CFeeling uncertain about his future.DCreatures forced out of their homes.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain.”可知，救助野生动物的工作有时让人悲伤，因为不能保证野生动物会存活下来，也就是说，救助野生动物的努力可能会白费，故选A项。B项曲解文意，第一段提到了帮助受伤的野生动物，而不是说作者难免会在工作中受伤。C项曲解文意，第一段中的survival is never certain是说野生动物能否存活下来不能确定，而不是说作者对自己的未来感到不确定。D项曲解文意，第一段中提到了injured，displaced or sick creatures，但并不是说野生动物被迫离开家园在作者的工作中是不可避免的。答案：A25.Why was the author called to Muttontown?ATo rescue a woman.BTo take care of a woman.CTo look at a baby owl.DTo cure a young owl.解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的Muttontown可定位到第二段。根据第二段中的“She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground.When I arrived，I saw a 2to 3weekold owl.”可知，一位女士在地上发现了一只猫头鹰幼雏，她给作者打了求助电话，由此可知，这位女士让作者去Muttontown是为了让作者看一看那只猫头鹰幼雏，故选C项。A、B两项颠倒是非，作者接到了一位女士的求助电话，但不是去救助或照顾这位女士。D项曲解文意，女士打电话时并不确定猫头鹰幼雏是否受伤，所以她不是让作者去治好它。答案：C26.What made the chick calm down?AA new nest.BSome food.CA recording. DIts parents.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.”可知，作者为猫头鹰幼雏做的新鸟巢让它很快安静下来，故选A项。B项无中生有，文章没有提到作者给猫头鹰幼雏提供食物。C、D两项曲解文意，文章提到作者给房主一段录音来帮助寻找猫头鹰幼雏的父母，但录音和猫头鹰幼雏的父母并不是让它安静下来的事物。答案：A27How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?AIts unexpected. BIts beautiful.CIts humorous. DIts discouraging.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者这次救助猫头鹰幼雏的工作非常成功，再结合第一段中的“However，when it works，it is simply beautiful.”可知，救助工作成功让作者感觉极好，故选B项。A项“出乎意料的”、C项“幽默的”、D项“使人气馁的”，均不符合文意。答案：BB(2016全国卷，阅读理解A)Whats On?Electric_Underground7：30 pm.1：00 am.Free at the Cyclops Theater Do you know whos playing in your area? Were bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so，come early to the talk at 7：30pm by Jules Skye，a successful record producer.Hes going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.Gee_Whizz8：30 pm.10：30 pm. Comedy at Kaleidoscope Come and see Gee Whizz perform.Hes the funniest standup comedian on the comedy scene.This joyful show will please everyone，from the youngest to the oldest.Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7：00pm for drinks and snacks (快餐)Simons_Workshop5：00 pm.7：30 pm. Wednesdays at Victoria Stage This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy.The workshop looks at every kind of comedy，and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years experience of teaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte_Stone8：00 pm.11：00 pm. Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music；this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new bestselling CD，with James Pickering on the piano.The menu is Italian，with excellent meat and fresh fish，pizzas and pasta (面食)Book early to get a table.Our bar is open all day，and serves cocktails，coffee，beer，and white wine.【语篇解读】本文属于广告类阅读，介绍了四则广告，难度较小。考生可以使用倒序法，先阅读题目，然后在四则广告中按图索骥即可。1.Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?AJules Skye.BGee Whizz.CCharlotte Stone. DJames Pickering.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一则广告最后一句“Hes going to talk about how you can find right person to produce your music.”可知Jules Skye可以教你如何制作音乐。那么如果你想做你自己的音乐，你就可以去找他。故A正确。答案：A2.At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?AThe Cyclops Theater.BKaleidoscope.CVictoria Stage. DPizza World.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二则广告第三句“This joyful show will please everyone，from the youngest to the oldest”可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都很开心。表演的场所在Kaleidoscope。故B正确。答案：B3.What do we know about Simons Workshop?AIt requires membership status.BIt lasts three hours each time.CIt is run by a comedy club.DIt is held every Wednesday.解析：细节理解题。根据第三则广告第二行中“5：00pm7：30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage”可知Simons Workshop的表演是在每周三下午5点至7点30之间进行。故D项正确。答案：D4.When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A5：00 pm.7：30 pm. B7：30 pm.1：00 am.C8：00 pm.11：00 pm. D8：30 pm.10：30 pm.解析：细节理解题。根据第四则广告第二行“8：00pm11：00pm Pizza World”可知Charlotte Stone将在晚上8点至11点之间表演她最受欢迎的歌曲。故C项正确。答案：CC(2016全国卷，阅读理解D)A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstandingundoubtedly firstrate photojournalismif they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难)，by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest，under freezing water，in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance，a small，tight，Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists，27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance，adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scotts last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger，caught the worlds imagination，and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton，a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908，started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images，most of which have never before been published.【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文。讲述了Frank的图片记录了一次不成功的航海活动，文章介绍了与之相关的具体内容。13.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?AThey were made last week.BThey showed undersea sceneries.CThey were found by a cameraman.DThey recorded a disastrous adventure.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“.they were shot from 1914 through 1916，most of them after a disastrous shipwreck.”可知这些照片记录了一次海难。故D项正确。答案：D14.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?AFrank Hurley.BErnest Shackleton.CRobert Falcon Scott.DCaroline Alexander.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole.”可知到达南极的是Captain Scott。故C项正确。答案：C15.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?AArtistic creation. BScientific research.CMoney making. DTreasure hunting.解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句“.start a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C项正确。答案：C模拟演练A(2017福州师大附中高三期中检测)(导学号 58210000)The wallet is heading for extinction.As a daytoday essential，it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers.The kind of shopping，where you hand over notes and count out change in return，now happens only in the most minor of our retailers (零售商)，like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a corner shop.At the shops where you spend any real money，that money is increasingly abstracted.And this is more and more true，the higher up the scale you go.At the most cuttingedge (前沿的) retail stores，Victoria Beckham on Dover Street，for instance，you dont go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay.The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.Across society，the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy.Maybe Im just oldfashioned.But earning money isnt quick or easy for most of us.Isnt it a bit weird(怪异) that spending it should happen in half a blink (眨眼) of an eye? Doesnt a wallet，that timehonored Fridaynight feeling of pleasing，promising fatness，represent something that matters?But Ill leave the economics to the experts.What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment.Everything about the look and feel of a wallet，the way the materials wear and tear and loosen with age，the plastic and paper and gold and silver，and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets，is the very opposite of what our world is becoming.The opposite of a wallet is a smart phone or an iPad.The rounded edges，cool glass，smooth and unknowable as a pebble (鹅卵石)Instead of digging through pieces of paper，we move our fingers left and right.No more counting out coins.Show your wallet，if you still have one.It may not be here much longer.【语篇解读】文章叙述了现代社会，人们的支付方式逐步电子化，传统的钱包正走向消失。作者对于这种现象所代表的社会发展趋势感到不安。1.What is happening to the wallet?AIt is disappearing. BIt is becoming costly.CIt is being fattened. DIt is changing in style.解析：细节理解题。由文章首句“The wallet is heading for extinction”可知，钱包正在消失，故选A项。答案：A2.How are businesses done in big modern stores?AElectronically. BIn the abstract.CIndividually. DVia a cash register.解析：细节理解题。由文章第一段最后两句“At the most cuttingedge (前沿的) retail stores，Victoria Beckham on Dover Street，for instance，you dont go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay.The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.”可知，在一些现代化的商城，顾客结账时不用去收银台排队，而是商场员工都配备了iPad，顾客在沙发上休息时，就会结完账，故选A项“以电子方式结账”。答案：A3.What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?ASaving money is becoming a thing of the past.BThe pleasing Fridaynight feeling is fading.CSpending money is so fast and easy.DEarning money is getting more difficult.解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段可知，金钱概念的抽象化使作者不安，挣钱不容易但在瞬间就会花掉很多钱，故选C项。答案：C4What can we infer from the passage about the author?AHe is resistant to social changes.BHe is against technological progress.CHe wants to say goodbye to the traditional wallet.DHe feels insecure in the everchanging modern world.解析：推理判断题。本文主要叙述了传统的钱包在消失，人们的支付方式在发生巨大的变化，作者对于这种现象所代表的社会发展趋势感到不安，故选D项。答案：DB(2017衡水中学高三模拟)(导学号 58210001)Bring any group of business owners or managers together, ask them the best way to promote their organizations, and youll get different answers.That comes as no surprise.When it comes to promoting a business, trying to find the single choice is rarely wise.Youll see business owners and managers try radio advertising.When that doesnt produce the results they want, theyll change to sending direct mail.When that doesnt create a jump in sales, theyll buy TV commercials.When that falls short of their expectations, theyll try a new online strategy.and it goes on and on.For most companies, the best approach is a mix of different channels, organized in ways that allow each to build upon the others.The channel that will work best in a given situation depends on a lot of factors, including the company itself, its audience, the message being conveyed, the environment, and many more.Just that radio worked well for a companys last effort doesnt mean that TV advertising wouldnt be a better choice this time.Or maybe the right channel is direct mail.Theres no simple answer，because there are so many variables.If your audience is broad, then maybe radio or newspaper advertising is the right choice.If youre targeting a carefully defined group, such as former customers, direct mail or email will probably perform better.There are two important lessons here.The first is not to concentrate on trying to find a single channel that will serve all of the companys needs, because it just doesnt exist.The second lesson is that before you spend the first dollar to promote your business, you need to do more than a little learning.Youll really need to understand your customers, your marketplace, your competitors, and the environments in which you do business.And you need a good understanding of what makes one marketing channel right for one situation, but not another.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。作者介绍了公司常用的促销策略。5According to Paragraph 1, there are no_Acheap ads Bunsuccessful adsCperfect ads Dallpurpose ads解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，如果把公司老板或经理们聚在一起问他们促销的最佳方法，他们会有不同的答案。这不足为奇。为了达到他们预想的促销效果，公司不断采取不同的方式做广告。由此可推出：没有完美的广告，故答案为C项。答案：C6.What is the best way to promote a business?AUsing a channel that serves all of your budget.BPutting ads on various channels at the same time.CCreating an ad that appeals to all your customers.DAdvertising on a channel available to consumers.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知促销的最好方法是，同时使用不同的方式做广告。故答案为B项。答案：B7When it comes to choosing an ad for a business, we should_Astay away from TV advertisingBchoose it based on the specific situationCadvertise on the radio or on the newspaperDchoose it according to your customers budget解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可推知：在选择广告形式时要具体情况具体分析，不能一概而论。故答案为B项。答案：B8Before deciding on a marketing channel, you need to_Aask for your customers adviceBcompare different advertisingCrealize the problems with your businessDmake research on all related factors解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句及最后一段第三、四句可推知：在决定营销方式前，要对所有相关要素进行研究，故答案为D项。其他选项均未被提及，故被排除。答案：DC(2017肇庆高三模拟)(导学号 58210002)Master painter Zhang Daqian (18991983) was well known for having a large number of friends and students.Among them，painter Li Qiujun was special.They got to know each other through Lis elder brother，who was one of Zhangs best friends.They admired each others artistic talent and became confidants，which resulted in a romantic relationship.In 1948，Zhang produced Spring Clouds Amid Autumn Landscape，a mountainandwater ink painting featuring gongbi (meticulous brushwork)，as a gift for Lis 50th birthday.A year later，Zhang permanently departed from the mainland，and traveled and exhibited around the world before settling down in Taibei in 1976.After leaving the mainland，he often said that he missed Li，who died in Shanghai in 1973.Spring Clouds Amid Autumn Landscape will be auctioned in Hong Kong on Oct 4.The painting not only marks a friendship between the two painters，but it deserves special attention because it shows Zhang at the top of his game as he sought to master the mountainandwater style，according to CK.Cheung，head of Sothebys Chinese painting department.Sothebys will auction the work at its major autumn sale，which runs from Oct 1 to 5.Cheung says the paintings composition and Zhangs attention to details reflect his incorporation of traditional touches，especially from Song Dynasty (9601279) paintings，while also developing his own style.【语篇解读】本文记录了张大千的生活轶事，文章描述了和自己弟子成为好朋友的故事，进一步走进张大千的生活，了解其玲珑人生。9The underlined word “confidants” in Paragraph 3 probably means_Aenemies BcollegesCfriends Dpainters解析：词义猜测题。词义猜测题主要是通过上下文语境进行推断，根据第八段的内容即“The painting not only marks a friendship between the two painters but.”(绘画不仅使两位画家之间结下友谊，而且)可以判断出两人是朋友关系，故选择C。答案：C10.How old was Li Qiujun when she died?A50 B75C78 D84解析：细节理解题。根据原文的“In 1948，.as a gift for Lis 50th birthday”以及“Li，who died in Shanghai in 1973.”可以采用数字定位法，即在原文当中找到时间点的关键位置，结合上下文从而计算出时长。答案：B11.According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?ASpring Clouds Amid Autumn Landscape was originally a gift for Lis 50th birthday.BZhang Daqian permanently departed from the mainland in 1949.CSothebys will auction Spring Clouds Amid Autumn Landscape in Hong Kong.DLi Qiujuns elder brother was also one of Zhang Daqians students.解析：细节理解题。根据原文的“.Lis elder brother，who was one of Zhangs best friends.”(李的兄长只是张大千的好朋友)，所以D项的说辞被推翻。做此类题要在原文找出依据，与选项的说辞进行对比，从而选择出题干要求的选项。答案：DD(2017新余高三模拟)If a woman has an extra piece of cake，dont blame it on greed，blame it on her brain.Scientists have found that womens brains react to food very differentlyand much more stronglythan mens.Academics found that decades of dieting pressure on women and advertising have programmed certain parts of the female brain to react strongly when faced with any kind of food.Men，on the other hand，are not usually as obsessive about what they eat.Dr.Rudolf Uher and his colleagues at the Institute of Psychiatry in Kings College London used brain scanning technology，known as funct