人教版高二下学期Unit 20 ArchaeoIogy课堂教学设计.doc

Unit 20 ArchaeoIogyI教学内容分析本单元的中心话题是考古学。考古学是通过调查和发掘古代的遗址、遗物来研究古代社会、古代文明的一门学科。考古学家与只研究历史记载的历史学家不同，他们通过研究远古人类的遗留物，对没有历史记载的史前文化进行研究，致力于探索人类文化的起源。考古发现在研究一个国家和地区的历史和文化方面起了重要作用，同时考古学也能帮助我们揭开一些迷团。本单元主要讲述了世界上两个重要考古发现，英国的the King of Stonehenge，中国的三星堆遗址和金沙村遗址。学生通过对本单元的学习，将会更好地了解两国的文化和历史，从而扩大对这方面知识的理解和掌握，拓宽文化视野，激发想象力和创造力。本单元的教学对教师本身的文化素养和知识面等有较高的要求，要求教师在教学过程中不断更新知识结构，积累语言素材，充分利用可能的学习渠道来帮助学生和自己更好的了解课程内容。Warming up部分提供了四幅有代表性的考古成就的图片，设计了四个问题要求同学们对中国古代四个重要时期的人类生活的习惯进行讨论，包括他们所使用的工具、饮食、房屋、装饰品以及他们的娱乐和不同时期具有代表性的艺术品。这部分的目的在于呈现本单元的中心话题考古学，引起同学们对考古学的兴趣，形成一个有关考古学的信息包，对考古学及中国古代所取得的成就有初步的了解和印象，并引入相关的词汇。同时，本部分也帮助学生学会整合并运用已学过的相关知识参与讨论，回答问题，或展开思路，发挥想象，学习自己不了解的知识盲点。Listening部分提供了一段师生对话，要求学生在听的基础上完成有关练习，练习由四个部分组成。一是要求学生根据录音的描述，绘画出古代所使用的工具形状；二是记录听到的问题；三是要求学生回答有关武器的四个问题；四是让学生讨论该武器的其它用途。从多个角度设计的这些听力材料有助于学生了解文物知识，提高听力能力。尤其是第四个练习，具有开放性，要求学生根据所听内容，结合已有知识进行发挥，培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。本部分的目标在于在训练学生获取细节知识的能力的同时，加强学生对古代所使用的工具的了解，进一步激发同学们对本单元中心话题考古学的兴趣。Speaking分为两部分。第一部分结合本单元的中心内容，提供了为获取有效信息，如何表达自己的愿望的句型，要求学生以双人对话活动的形式，按照例子，用所提供的句型和话题进行对话。第二部分是要求学生谈论考古发现，如人工制品、墓葬、出土城镇等，对考古学以及考古学的重要发现提出自己的意见和看法。这两个练习主要培养学生运用日常交际用语表达对事物的好奇和就感兴趣的话题提出建议、陈述观点的能力，这是本单元的目标任务之一。Pre-reading部分提供了三个与本单元主题有关的问题，反映两个方面的内容：一是出土文物及其反映的文化内涵；二是巨石王墓穴中的文物。通过引起学生对中国皇帝陪葬的猜测和思考，让他们运用自己已有的文化知识和语言知识，来猜测英国史前巨石王的情况，并且通过阅读验证自己的猜测。第一、二个问题让学生在讨论中学到了有关古代陪葬品的词汇；第三个问题则训练学生的寻读能力，这有助于提高学生的阅读能力。Reading部分介绍了人类考古史上的一个重大发现英国巨石王墓穴。它为研究人类文明的发展史提供了依据，揭示了人类从石器时代到青铜器时代的发展过程，使考古学家相信那个时期的人们已经和欧洲其它地区有贸易和文化交往。文中包括三方面的内容：(1)发现巨石王墓穴。(2)墓穴中的陪葬品。(3)这一发现的重要意义Post-reading部分设计了三个问题。第一题考察学生对文章内容的理解，要求学生在课文中找出在坟墓里挖掘出来的objects和materials，让学生巩固文中有关词汇。第二题要求学生根据课文信息找出青铜器时代的英国和欧洲其它国家、地区的文化、贸易交往，侧重让学生了解文物与文化之间的联系，培养学生的综合思维与归纳的能力。第三题有一定的难度，要求学生讨论建造the Stonehenge所需的科技、发明和工具，需要学生通过文物推出当时的科学文化状况，这需要学生有一定的史学知识和丰富的想象力。Language study分词汇和语法两部分。词汇部分提供了两组习题。第一组要求学生将词汇和解释对应起来，考察学生对词汇的理解和区分能力。第二组要求学生用所给词的适当形式填空，掌握同一单词的不同功能，让学生在语境中应用词汇。这一方面巩固了阅读课文中所学习的生词，另一方面总结、拓宽了词汇的用法，并教会了学生学习词汇的方法。语法部分是复习语法知识it作为形式主语、形式宾语和在强调句中的用法，并为学生安排了句型转换等练习，旨在使学生能自如地运用“it”。Integrating skills部分由阅读和写作两方面内容组成。阅读材料介绍了金沙村和三星堆两个古文化遗址，旨在告诉世人我国拥有神秘而博大精深的文明。写作部分让学生们讨论在发现古文物时，该做什么，不该做什么，并通过海报形式阐明。通过这些练习，学生不仅对文中内容能够有进一步的理解，而且还能让学生对文物保护有更深的认识。Tips部分提供了如何创作一张flow chart的步骤和资料，帮助学生更好地完成“综合技能”的写作任务。Checkpoint 20部分简要总结了本单元的语法重点it作为形式宾语、形式主语和在强调句中的应用，并给出了一些例句，帮助学生举一反三。同时，通过让学生寻找能够描述文物的词汇，帮助学生对本单元所学的词汇做一次小结。II教学重点和难点1教学重点 (1)培养学生听、说、读、写的能力。 (2)了解考古学及考古工作对研究人类历史发展的重要意义。 (3)it的用法。 (4)本单元的生词和短语。2教学难点 (1)帮助学生理解课文内容。 (2)it作为形式主语的用法。 (3)学写flow eharL，III教学计划 本单元分五课时： 第一课时：Warming up，Speaking，L,istening 第二、三课时：Pre，reading，Reading，Post-reading 第四课时：Language study 第五课时：Integrating skillsIV教学步骤 Period 1 Warming up，Speaking，ListeningTeaching Goals：1To improve Sslistening ability2To train ssspeaking ability by talking about archaeological discoveries and practicing expressing euriosiosty.3To help Ss descIibe the life of people in China during the period of Stone Age，Bronze Age，Han Dynasty andTang Dynasty with the relative wordsTeaching Procedures：Step 1Lead-inShow Ss two pictures about archaeology in ChinaThen ask them to answer somer some questions togetherQl：China is a country with a long history and brilliant cultureIn which ways can we learn about its history and culture?(Archaeologythe title ofthis unit)Q2：What is archaeology?Q3：Who works or does study on this subject?(Archaeologist)Q4：What is their work?(Archaeological work)Q5：What is archaeological work about?(As we know，human beings have a long history，and the brilliant civilization left us thousands of culturalrelicsThe relics give US enough evidence to study our historyWe call this kind of science archaeologySoarchaeology is the systematic recovery and study of material evidence，such as graves，buildings，tools，andpottery，remaining from past human life and cultureThe subject often has a potent or powerful role to play in themodern world with its finest monuments standing at once as symbols of ancient culture and contemporarynationhood)Q6：How much do you know about the following pictures?(：Terracotta Warriors and Horses ：Inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells)Step 2Warmingup1Talk about the four pictures(Textbook，P73)Each of them stands for one period in Chinese historyThen ask Ss questions and help them learn some new wordsQ1：What are they?In what period were they made? (An axeA bronze tnpodA painting on silkTri-colored glazed pottery)Q2：What can they remind us of?(LifeCulture)2Discussion： Let Ss discuss the four different periods according to the following questions and fin in the form(Textbook，P73)Q1What did they eat?Q2Where did they live and what did their houses look like?Q3What kind of tools did they use? Q4What objects have we found from their age?Q5What kind of entertainment did they have?Suggested Answers：Stone AgeBronze AgeHan DynastyTang DynastyFoodWild fruits wild animalsGrain, wheat， rlcebean，domestic animalsmeat，broomcomWheat， rice， wine，vegetables，sugarPancake，tea，spinach，wineHousingCaveHouses made of mud and strawHouses made of bricks andtilesHouses made of bricks and tiles palaces.Home decorationBones of animals，fur，Pottery，jade.Bronze mirrors，bronzejade.Silk，stone and brickstatues，wood statues，frescoesChina，pottery，jade，silkToolsStones，sticks，bones，axes made of stonesKnives，sickles，axes，fishhooksIron objects，ploughs，hoesQuyuan ploughs，tools usedtoliftwaterArtefactsNecklaces made ofbones，bone pins，pottery,jadeBronze tripods andquadripods，textiles，embroidefySilk，painting on silk，stone，brick and woodstatuesTri-colored glazedpottery of Tang Dynasty，ChinaEntertainmentShouting and dancingwith rhythmSinging，dancing，drinking winePlaying the instramentsacrobatic showReading，hunting，trayelStep 3.DiscussionChallenge yourself：Give more examples of important discoveries and note where they were unearthed and where you call go to see them Eg Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Yungang Grottoes Longmen Grottoes Chinese cultural relics Zhejiang Hemudu Cultural Relics Dunhuang Frescoes of Tang DynastyStep 4ListeningSs are asked to read the requirements of listening part first，and then listen to the tape twice to。fill in the blanks(Textbook，P74)Play the tape the third time for Ss to listen to and write down their answersThen checktheir answers and explain some difficult points if necessaryStep 5SpeakingTask l：Finish the fwst part in Speaking part1Give Ss some time to read and practise the dialogue2Check SsunderstandingQ1：What are the questions in the dialogue?Q2：What are they about?Doing like this can help Ss to understand the dialogue and get the main idea of the dialogue as well as help Ssfind a way to ask questions in a dialogueSo it will be easy for Ss to begin and continue their dialogues becausethey have known what to talk about and how to talk in a dialogueTask 2：Make a dialogueShow Ss some pictures about famous archaeological discoveries in Sanxingdui RuinsSites in Sichuan Province and the groups of Pyramids in EgyptThen let one student talk about the picture hesheis interested inThe others give himher suggestions according to the useful expressions(Textbook，P75)Task 3：Give Ss some questions and let them have a free talk according to the questions Q1：Whats the importance of archaeology? Q2：Are there any archaeological sites in your hometown? Q3：Whats your attitude? Q4：How should we deal with the unearthed objects?Step 6Homework Collect more information about the archaeological findings Learn the new words by heart，and preview the Reading part Periods 23 Pre-reading，Reading，Post-readingTeaching Goals： 1To let Ss learn about the King of the Stonehenge discovered by archaeologists2To develop some basic reading skills and reading abilityTeaching Procedures：Step 1Warming up Free talk about the archaeological findings to review some relative wordsStep 2Pre-reading In the last period，we spoke of Qin Terracotta Warriors and HorsesDo you know why Emperor Qin built it?(To continue being emperorThey are also funerary objects)1.Describe the kind of objects kings and emperors in China were buried with (weapons，tools，clothing，money，articles for daily life，jade，silk，jewellery，pottery，china，servants，warriors，wives of emperors and kings，and animals)2.Why were dead kings given these objects after they died? (To show off their power and wealthTo continue their luxurious life in the nether worldTo be given tohim for his use in the next life)Step 3Reading Lets read a passage about the mysterious Stonehenge and the King of StonehengeIt must give you an unexpected surpriseScanning： Give Ss 5 minutes to scan the text and find the answers to the following questions What do you know about the King of Stonehenge from Para 1 ? What objects were found in the grave of the King of Stonehenge? What materials were there in the grave? Why were these things given to the dead king after he died?Step 4Careful reading1Listen to the tapeAfter listening，do the following exercises. Q1Is this discovery very important? Q2How many reasons are mentioned in the text for the importance of the discovery? Q3What are they?2Ask Ss to finish the chart： The King of StonehengePara 1：Find the remains of the KingPara 23：The objects found in the gravePara 46：Why the discovery is importantReason 1 Reason 2 Reason 3 Reason 1：His grave is the richest and one ofthe first to have gold objects buried with at that period. Reason 2：He may be an important member who organized the construction of Stonehenge Reason3：He may be the person who brought the cuIture and new technology to Britain from the European3From things that were found in the gravearchaeologists now beHeve that people in the Bronze Age hadtrade and cultural links with other parts of EuropeGive examples of such Hnks and what was tradedCountry or part of EuropeMaterial or object oftradeWest WalesStoneSpain and Western FranceCopper knivesEuropeGold jewellery，copper，bronzeSome places far from EnglandArtefacts4For trade and cultural links as well as life in Britain and the construction of a building such as Stonehenge，people in the Bronze Age must have had knowledge about certain things and certain fields ofscienceWork in groups to talk about the inventions and kinds of science they must have had based on the reading passageActivityKnowledge，science，inventions，and toolsTravel to ScotlandRoads,maps, hotels,geography.Construction of StonehengeArchitecture，physics.HuntingWeapons，bows，arrows.Trade with EuropeMaps，ships，languages，geography.Making copper knivesSkills，copper，models.Step 5DiscussionAppreciation and Creative thinking1.Show some pictures of Stonehenge What do you think of Stonehenge?(Students may say that it is wonderful，beautiful，mysterious，etc) Background information： Construction took place in three phases，over 25 generationsMost of it Was the result of human muscle and a system of ropes and wooden levers used to transport the massive stonesTo drag the stones，weighing up to 20 tons，or the weight of six elephants，from Marlborough Downs，30 kilometres to the south of Stonehenge，would have been quite a featThe bluestones，in contrast，were about four tons but are believed to have come from muchfartherthe mountains nearly 385 kilometres awayPopular theory suggests the stones were rolled to the Welsh shore，carried on raft around the coast and into the River Avon，at BristolThey would have then been transportedthrough local rivers and then back to land，where they were once again rolled to Salisbury Plain2Why Was the Stonehenge built?The main theories of the purpose existing and accepted in the world today： (1)An astronomical calendar(天文历法仪)(2)Temple(宗教寺庙) (3)Hunting ground(狩猎场)(4)Execution ground(刑场) (5)Space station(宇宙太空港)3Suppose an ancient grave is found in your hometown，and some people suggest digong it up，while others have different opinionsPlease make a dialogue with your partnerand express your ideaStep 6Consolidation1Individual work： Close your booksand finish the“T”or“F”exercises below (1)When the King of Stonehenge died，he was about 50 years old ( ) (2)Fmm tests on his teeth，it is certain that he spent his childhood in England ( ) (3)The most amazingfind was two gold earrings ( ) (4)Stonehenge was begun around 2300 BC ( ) (5)In terms of technical development，people were going from the Bronze Age to the Stone Age at that time. ( ) (6)It has been proven that the copper knives came from Spain and Western France ( )Suggested Answers： (1)F (2)F (3)T (4)F (5)F (6)T2Class work： Retell the story The King of Stonehenge was found by a_on May 3，2002All that a person would need to s_in the next life was found in a g_，such as clothing，tools，weapons，P_and spare materials to make new toolsSome of the a_in his grave came from r_placesThe most amazing f_was two gold e_，which are the oldest gold ever u_in Britain till now. There are a v_of reasons why he was called the King of StonehengeOne is that his grave is the r_one from the period when the first m_were brought to BritainThe other is that he may organize the c_of Stonehenge or had a h_in building，though it is a mystery how the stones were c_He also brought culture and new technology to Britain so that he was of high s_in the e_of peopleSuggested Answers： archaeologists；survive；grave；pots；artefacts；remote；find；earrings；uneahed；variety；richest；metals；construction；hand；conveyed；status；eyesStep 7Summary and homeworkISummary： In this class, weve learnt about the King of Stonehenge by reading the passage and also learnt some useful expressions and sentence patternsStudying archaeological discoveries can help us learn about the life of people during different periods，so if you have time，go to visit the museums or surf the Internet to learn more about archaeology2Homework： (1)Prepare for the next periodLanguage study(Textbook，P77)(2)Do more exercises to master the words and phrases Period 4 Language studyTeaclaing Goals：1To enable Ss to revise some new words and word formation2To get Ss to review the use of“it”Teaching Procedures：Step 1Warming up Retell the story about the King of StonehengeStep 2Word study1Exercise 1(TextbookP77)：Find the words which mean the same as the given definition2Word formation： A word with different word speeches and meanings Give examples of some words for the students to compareEncourage them to find out the word functions of the same word in different contexts Eg. hand：vt传递n手；light：vt点燃n光亮 Conclusion：Some words can be used as a noun or a verb，having different word speeches or meanings3Complete the exercises using the correct form of words(Textbook，P77)Step 3Grammar(Reference in Notes)1Warming up： Review the usages of“it”by understanding the following sentences (1)Does it still happen that people do not report things they find? (2)It sometimes happens that a find is not very valuable (3)If it is so important to dig things up and collect them (4)It is often human digging that causes the loss of valuable materials Summary 1：“It”can be used in the subject position to stand for the infinitive，gerund，or a clauseThe sentence pattern is“It is.+to dodoinga clause”2Practice： Give Ss some situations for them to practise using.“it” Situations：(1)Finding the grave of the King of Stonehenge (2)Pass the exam (3)China will hold the Olympic Games3Presentation： Look at the two sentences (1)It is said that Tom has come back from abroad (2)People say that Tom has come back from abroad Summary 2：“It”is also used in the subject position to stand for a clauseBut it can be changed into “people+vt+that clause”That is，“It be+Vpp+that clause”(Vpp：reported，believed，thought，proven，known，hoped，suggested，hoped.)4Practice： Let students do the Exerises 1 and 2 on page 78 in the Textbook5Presentation： Look at the following examples and tell the function of“it” Eg Henry gave me a tie for my birthday last year It was last year that Henry gave me a new tie for my birthday It was Henry who gave me a new tie for my birthday last year It was for my birthday that Henry gave me a new tie last year Summary 3：强调句型“It is+that(who).” Summary4：Impersonal“it”can be used to talk about something or somebody mentioned above such astime，date，weather，distance，seasonStep 4Consolidation 1Tell the function of“itin the following sentences It was all that a person would need to survive It is not yet known how these were conveyed over a distance of 380 km It is also a mystery how early man was able to construct Stonehenge It iS possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones：he may have had a hand in planning themonument，or in helping transport and pull up the stones At first it was thought that it was