　　　四柱结构型式钢结构车库由于其结构较为简单有较大使用范围，本文对其进行详细设计。文中主要对自动立体车库的横梁，纵梁，支撑柱以及载车板进行详细的受力分析和校核。另外，本文中的自动立体车库采用了液压系统进行传动，区别与采用电动机驱动的自动车库。由于液压传动的优点，车库在升降或是横移过程中会更加稳定，减少了运动中所产生的噪音，使其适用于更多场合。在车库的设计中还介绍了车库运行中重要的安全防护装置。

　　　除此之外，还绘制了总装图、零件图。

　　　关键词：自动立体车库；结构设计；液压

Abstract

　　　With the development of the national economy in our country, more and more cars are entering the common families. Stereo garage becomes the first choice for solving the problems of hard parking. Especially, lift-sliding type stereo garage is the most widely used．

　　　The main content of this design is the design of automatic stereo garage, the stereo garage is including lift-sliding type, vertical circulation type, level of circulation, plane mobile, laneway type, vertical lifting, simple movements and etc. The main contents of this paper is about the design structure of two layers of lifting and transferring automatic stereo garage and the force analysis and check by the key parts of stereo garage.

　　　Four-column type steel structure garage has a large range of use because of its simple structure. The main content of this paper is the force analysis and check by the beams, stringers, support columns and car carrying boards. In addition, automatic stereo garage use hydraulic system for driving, it has difference between using the motor-driven automatic garage. Because of the advantages of hydraulic transmission, the garage will be more stable in process. This makes it suitable for more occasions. The design of the garage is also introduced the safety protection device in the running of garage.

　　　In addition, the paper includes drawn up the assembly diagram, parts diagram.

　　　Keywords: automatic stereo garage; structure design; hydraulic

摘要 III

Abstract IV

目录 V

1 绪论 1

1.1 本课题研究的内容及意义 1

1.2国内外的发展概况 2

1.3本章小结 4

2 自动立体车库的总体设计方案 5

2.1 升降横移自动立体车库选型 5

2.2 自动立体车库提升方式的选择 6

2.3 自动立体车库的其他部件 6

2.4 自动立体车库的设计参数 7

2.5 二层式升降横移自动立体车库结构设计的内容及要求 7

2.6 本章小结 7

3 自动立体车库主体框架设计 8

3.1立体车库的工作原理 8

3.2自动立体车库钢结构设计 8

3.2.1 支撑柱设计 9

3.2.2 横梁受力分析 12

3.2.3 纵梁受力分析 13

3.3 载车板受力分析校核 15

3.4本章小结 16

4 自动立体车库的传动系统 17

4.1 上层载车板提升装置设计 17

4.1.1 升降传动系统设计 17

4.1.2 升降液压系统设计 19

4.1.3 升降液压系统链轮设计 20

4.1.4 升降液压系统传动轴设计 21

4.2 横移液压系统设计 22

4.3本章小结 24

5 车库的配套系统 25

5.1 安全系统 25

5.2 立体车库的控制系统 26

5.3 本章小结 28

6 结论与展望 29

6.1结论 29

6.2不足之处及未来展望 29

致谢 30

参考文献 31

附录 32

1 绪论

1.1 本课题研究的内容及意义

　　　本课题研究的内容是：自动立体车库的结构设计，包括自动立体车库的总体方案设计，有关零件部件的选型计算，结构强度校核及液压系统设计，并绘制出装配图和零件图纸。

　　　本课题研究的意义是：自动立体车库是我国的新兴产业，具有广阔的发展前景。随着我国经济快速的发展，城市交通拥堵和停车难的问题成了影响城市发展的重要因素之一，传统的车库己经不能适应城市发展的要求，再加上我国汽车保有量的不断增加，自动立体车库成为解决这一问题的必然途径[1]。机械式立体车库具有空间利用率高，节省城市有限的土地资源；具有建造成本较低、建造周期较短；车辆停放入车库快速便捷、自动车库更加安全，还具有节约能源等优点。同时自动立体车库还可以在有限的土地上停放更多的车辆，便于集中管理，减少管理费用和人员等的优势，在各个小区或空地都可以根据当地的实际情况进行立体车库的建设，可大大缓解这些地方停车难的问题，这对现在车库紧张的小区和其他人员较多的公共场所提供了很好的解决方法。因此，机械式立体车库具有广阔的应用前景。

　　　而自动立体车库的结构设计是车库建设及运行的重要环节，其设计水平与质量直接影响到用户的安全和建造成本。合理的结构设计可最大限度的利用有限的土地空间，缓解城市中停车难的问题。而目前我国自动立体车库加工生产厂家没有统一的标准：大多数自动立体车库行业的生产厂家大多以国外现有产品或技术为基础进行制造，对产品创新开发能力差，没有自己的知识产权；我国对立体车库的新技术引入研究较少，而对立体车库的主体结构框架钢研究和优化才刚刚起步，不能形成较大的生产加工规模。机械式自动立体车库种类较多，按照现在立体车库的发展，可将它分为巷道堆垛式立体车库，垂直升降式立体车库，垂直循环式立体车库，圆形水平循环式立体车库等。

　　　根据运行方式和结构特点可分为：升降横移式立体车库，水平循环式立体车库，垂直循环式立体车库，多层循环式立体车库，堆垛式立体车库，平面移动式立体车库，垂直升降式立体车库，简易升降式立体车库等八大类[2]。

　　　1、升降横移式立体车库：整机特点，可有效利用空间，提高空间利用率达数倍。存取车快捷便利，其结构使用跨梁结构设计，使车辆出入无障碍。采用PLC控制，自动化程度高，人机界面好，多种操作方式可选配，操作简便，同时环保节能，低噪音。但下层车库必须有一空位用于车库升降。

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内容简介：: 英文原文英文原文 THE 6 LAYERS STEREO GARAGE DESIGN BASED ON OMRON PLC Zhuoran Zhang Department of Electrical especially the private cars, putting a great pressure on urban transportation and parking slot. This article is mainly concerned about the entire structure, running procedure and electrical system design including hardware and program design ideas for lifting-traversing stereo garage, which will not only shorten the developing period but also orient parking to centralization and automation direction; Owning some reference value. Keywords- Stereo Garage, Omron PLC, Design Insufficient parking slots is resulted from the development of the cities, economy and transportation of the cities, the traditional garages are always making the use of the nature vacancy, in a community, the ratio between parking slots and residents is approximately 1:1, one parking slot for a family at least, in order to solve the contradiction that the parking slots using precious commercial land, the stereo mechanical garages with the advantage of the average parking slot takes of less area have been gradually in front of us. Compared with the traditional underground parking garage, the stereo garages have more advantages. First of all, the stereo garages can save more area. The traditional ways must be amassed driving path for vehicles, averagely, a car will take up 40m2 If we take multi-layers garage (6 layers) in to consideration, it is possible for 13 cars to park in the area of 50m2, which will save lots of land resources and land construction expenditure. Meanwhile, the stereo garage could guarantee the safety of the people and their cars. If there is anybody in the garage or the cars are not fully stopped, the system controlled by electrical equipment will not run either. It means that, in the scale of the management, the mechanical garage could separate the people and vehicles, which makes it more systematically. Especially for underground garages, install this kind of garage will save a large area of illumination system, so it is also emerge conservation and environment protection. .THE CLASSIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTBACKDROP OF THE STEREO GARAGE A.THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE STEREO GARAGE According to the present development of the stereo garage, the stereo garage is including lifting-traversing, roadway stacking, vertical lifting, vertical circulating, circle level circulation; The concept of the stereo garage is all from automatic logistic material transmitting system. 3The purpose of the stereo garage is to solve the parking problem in developed cities, that is make use of limited area to park more vehicles so as to save land resources of the cities and manage the static transportation of the urban. This article gives out a way to design lifting-traversing stereo garage based on Omron PLC CP1H, which could extend to solve relevant projects. B. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO LIFTING-TRAVERSING STEREO GARAGE. The modularization concept is imported in lifting-traversing stereo garage. It can be designed into two to five layers or half underground type, the number of the slot is from tens to hundreds. This kind of garage is suitable for both above ground and underground, the characteristics could be generalized as less occupation of land, simple structure, flexible configuration, lower cost in construction, decoration and fire protection and short period of construction; Safe and convenient for saving and taking cars; Smoothly operation, lower noise during running. 4 It is also appropriate for commercial, bureau and residential use. The safety equipment mainly is photoelectrical sensors, limiting displacement protector and emergency switch. C. THE ENTIRE FRAME OF THE SYSTEM As the fig. l representing, besides the central controller PLC, the stereo garage system could be divided into three sections: I. Mechanical System; It includes column, beam, carrying board, vehicle frame, hooks and etc. II. Electrical System; this section is the core of this article, which controls the whole system to operate. III. Touching Panel; it is the port from which operators and the system exchanging messages, operators could not only operate the system, but also in the situation of the malfunction, it could let operator enter the manual or debugging mode. Figure 1. The structure of the systemFigure 2. Touch Screen (Auto running and Manual) THE MAIN HARDWARE OF THE SYSTEM We mainly use the Omron PLC CPH1, on considering the control requirement and the cost, we adopting CP1HX40DR-A PLC, the programming ways are ladder diagram or ST instruction list. The instruction length is 1 to 7 steps per instruction, each I/O relays has 1600 ports, USB 1.1 for communication. The display part, we import screen of WEINVIEW MT6056i series, the screen material is TFT, 5.6 inches, and the resolution is 320x234, with USB2.0 port supporting downloading. The frequency of the CPU is 400 MHz, 128RAM. D.THE SYSTEM STR UCTURE AND FUNCTIONS The mechanical parts cooperating with electrical system are carrying board, hooks and chains. There are 6 slots on each layer besides 7 slots on the top layer, totally 37 slots, the purpose for one slot empty on each layer is that making enough space for carrying board to move. The carrying boards of the first floor only design to traverse, also the top floor carrying boards are only supposed to lift. The other carrying boards among these floors are designed to life and traverse. In this way, this system could achieve the saving and taking from any slots among these 6 layers. In addition, this system has a touch screen system, which switches between auto run and manual debugging mode. Under the auto run mode, it could select a certain slot to accomplish saving and taking behavior, at the same time, monitoring the operation of the system. (Green words “System Running“ in auto mode without malfunction). When failure occurs, the system seized and on screen flashing yellow failure code with red backdrop, with the help of the failure code, the professional operator could recognize and eliminate the failures promptly and accurately. On considering more authorities are given in manual debugging mode, to preclude unprofessional persons enter the mode by chance, before enter the mode, there is a cipher verification, in which the sequence could be set by ourselves. This would protect the system from potential dangers. Figure 2 is the graph of system auto running, manual and debugging. . THE COMPOSURE OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM A. STRONG ELECTRICITY SYSTEM The strong power system includes power supply, protection and driving mechanism, here is electronic motors. Installing XJ3-D on the forepart of the power supply wire, which is used to protect phase sequence of the three-phase voltage, so that guarantee the right rotation of the motors. Moreover, the motors on some layers use the same three-phase voltage. B.THE SET OF THE MOTORS There are 6 traversing motors on the first layer, 6 traversing motors for 2 to 5 layers each, and so it is with lifting motors for 2 to 5 layers. The top layers have only 7 lifting motors. After setting the motors, mark every motor. For example, the motor driving the third slot of the second layer, we mark it with “23“, the relay before the motor are named KM23. Here series connect all the motors thermal protection, any motors problem will stop the system. In this way, it has no influence on the stability of the system, but lowers the cost. At the same time, make it easier to find the problems. (What we need to do is press the thermal protection switch one by one). C .WEAK POWER SYSTEM The weak power system is also the control system, which are mainly the PLC mode and its 5 extended modules, also the sensors. As the figure below, on the right is the input part, DC 24V, on the left, is the output section, AC 220V, to connect with contactors and drive them. These devices functions have close relationships with the entire systems control requirements. On the above of the graph, the protection equipment are emergency switch, installed beside the touching panel, emergency only, trigger it, the system stops; Front and back photoelectrical sensors, which are used to detect people or unidentified objects breaking into the system, if this happens, the system would stop then response with photoelectrical failure, the goal is to protect the people and the vehicles. The phase sequence protection has been illustrated before; Over current protection normally activated under the motor stuck; All the margin switches series connected, cult the main power when any carrying board exceed the limiting position. Limit switches including up ones and down ones or left and right limit switches. In order to achieve the controlling requirements, the level limit switches are installed on the both side of the each slot frame, while the vertical limit switches are installed on the chain which attached to the motor. It is necessary to point out that the first layer only installed down and left right limit switches, the top layer only installed up switches these switches could sense the position of the carrying boards, helping to finish the lifting and traversing control; Hook position sensors is to fix the vehicles and sense the slot empty or not. The output points“00 04 05 06 07“ are to select different phase for each layer, so control the motors rotation ways. Figure 3. PLC Modules (Segment) There are other 4 extended modules, which only give more I/O ports to the system, similar to this main part. . OPERATION PROCEDURE A. TAKING PROCEDURE As far as the first layer concerned, it is only designed to traverse, so as to make space to upper layers carrying boards to move downward. So do the other layers, which are designed to traverse. When traversing meet the requirements, lifting mechanism will run to put the carrying board down, finishing the saving and taking procedure. During the procedure the photoelectrical sensors are open and will behave as fore part has explained. In figure 2A, is the taking condition, at this time “Loading“ will flash until the taking procedure finishes. When we enter “51“, the system will distinguish whether the operation is a taking or a saving according to the hook of the 51 slot. Then prints the message responded to the state of the hook on the screen, the operator could confirm the operation or cancel it. On confirming, the 51 carrying board will wait for its downward boards to finish the traversing move then moving down. In addition, a timer is added to this control module in order to preclude level limit switches malfunction, resulting into the traversing move time up. If the time for traversing move exceeds the set time, the system will warn the operator “traversing move time up“ which displays on the screen, the operator could check out the failure. The up limit switches are used to sense whether the carrying boards are stopped at their routine slots, which the level switches cant finish. Maybe one carrying board stuck between two layers. Only do all the upper layers carrying boards stop at their routine slots, the selected carrying boards lifting move is activated. A timer is also set into the lifting control, with the same function as traversing timer. The elevator carries the vehicle down to the ground, release the hook, now the photoelectrical signal shut down, and waiting for the owners to take their vehicle. On driving away the vehicle and operators confirming the photoelectrical signal resumes, the carrying board back to its slot from the down way. Figure 4. The flowchart of the taking and saving procedure B. SAVING PROCEDURE The saving process is based on taking procedure, so they are familiar; the only difference is the hook move. . SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING AND PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT A.SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT AND ITS LANGUAGE In this system, we choose Omron CX-ONE 3.0 to program the PLC. The language for programming is classic ladder diagram. On considering the stereo garages are installed in different condition and requirement of different users, the scale of the stereo garages should be flexible, for example different layers or slots. In order to meet the different scales requirements, the program is modularized, only need to change the I/O ports, the logical relations in the ladder diagram are fixed. In this way, it is not only with highly compatibility but also shortens the period to develop relevant designs and make it easier to debugging and repair. B.MODULARIZED PROGRAM Conditional jumps are widely used in the programming; the entire program consists of different modules, on certain conditions, the program jumps. As illustrated before, there are only two movements for a carrying board, lifting or traversing, beside the boards of first and top layers. The condition for the fifth could traverse is all the upper layers slots up limiting switches closed. Then “Traverse OK“ is activated, and then the program will make analysis of the operation until meet set conditions, the program jumps. For the lifting movements are always with the downward movements, so program the downward standards, the system will run. The entire program is programmed with this method, above the passage, is only a traversing OK and vertical move OK module. Similarly, modules of a fixed slot, for example slot “21“. “21 Traversing Move“, “21 Vertical Move“; for whole system, “Emergency Stop and Protection“, “Button Select“, “System Monitor“ and “Debugging“ modules, which cooperate with each other to accomplish the control and monitor. Figure 5. Monitoring and Display module (Segment) Fig. 5 is the segment program of the monitoring module, all the motors protection series connected, so are the phase sequence protection and margin switches. Any of them change; PLC will transfer messages to the screen, which displays. Meanwhile, cults off the main KM, the system stops. .A BRIEF SUMMARY This paper introduces lift shifting type six floors of three-dimensional garage design method based on Omron CP1HX40DR-A controller, completing the requirements of three-dimensional garage for city ve

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