2017年中考英语被动语态(重要).doc

被 动 语 态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisarespoken 一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken 现在进行时：amisare beingspoken过去进行时：werewas beingspoken 现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：had been + spoken三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、被动语态的用法详解：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard.Knives are used for cutting things.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long time ago.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is repairing my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Uncle Wang now.They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them.7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted.五、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.-He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.-The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.-A tree was cut down by him.六、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词be过去分词构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days.-This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.-It should be done at once.七、特殊情况：Make/let sb. do sth. - sb. be made/let to do sth. 1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.- The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2. Mother never lets me watch TV .-I am never let to watch TV by mother.See/hear sb. do sth.- sb. be seen/heard to do sth. 3. Jim saw the boy run yesterday.-The boy was seen to run by Jim yesterday.Give/lend sb. sth.-(1)sb. be given sth. by. (2)sth. be given to sb. by4.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now. 初中英语被动语态练习题：一、选择题（215=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（120=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.Its said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down 6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city? 16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance). 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （130=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） _ people _ tea in South China？ 2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同义句转换） A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year 3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How_ _ the work going to be finished ? 4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _ _ _ by the children. 5. You neednt do it now. (改为被动语态) It _ _ _ by you now. 6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal _ _ _making machines. 7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I _ _ _ _ that for him. 8.They are watching the football match.The football match _ _ _ by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago? 10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses _ _ _ out. 11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _ _ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (110=10分)The new bike _ _ _ _ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week _ your mobile phone _ _ _（是国产的吗）？ The whole mountain is _ _ (覆盖) the snow.五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）I have a lot of homework to be done tonight _Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ _Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people _The music is sounded beautiful. _By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _Answers一、选择题（215=30分）1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C