全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2Unit5语言点分析.doc

Unit 5, Book IILanguage Studybear bear sth. out: if facts or information bear out a claim, story, opinion etc, they help to prove that it is true. 证实e.g. The test results bear out our claims. 实验结果证实了我们是对的Evidence bears out the idea that students learn best in small groups.With his trial beginning, the tone of media coverage is starting to bear out my worst fears.自打他的审讯一开庭，媒体的报道就开始印证我最糟糕的担心。coverage: 新闻报导（范围）e.g. complete news coverage of the election. 关于选举的全部新闻报道 bear up: to show courage or determination during a difficult or unpleasant time撑下去；振作起来e.g. The patient bore up well during the long illness.这个患者与长期的病痛顽强抗争 bear / keep (sth.) in mind (that): to remember a fact or piece of information that is important or could be useful in the future铭记，记在心里e.g. Bear in mind that some of the children will need extra help. bear fruit: if a plan, decision etc bears fruit, it is successful, especially after a long period of time奏效e.g. The policies have largely been implemented as intended and that they are bearing fruit now. bear a grudge: continue to feel annoyed after a long time怀恨在心e.g. He bears a grudge in his heart, which eventually blossoms into a scheme for revenge. grin and bear it: to accept an unpleasant or difficult situation as happily as you can, because you cannot change it逆来顺受e.g. The message was clear no matter how insulting passengers became, we couldnt do anything but grin and bear it.=#Para 1sweat: vi & n. 汗；流汗1) sweat a lot 大量出汗 sweat heavily / profusely; sweat like a pig / sweat buckets (infml)2) sweat blood: work very hard 工作十分努力e.g. I sweated blood to get that report finished.3) a cold sweat 冷汗e.g. I woke up from the nightmare in a cold sweat. no sweat 没问题e.g. Are you sure you can do it on time? Yeah, no sweat.The sun was as hot as the competition he faced today at the National Olympics. (para 1)TranslationF太阳火辣辣的，与他今天在全国少年奥林匹克运动会上所面临的竞争一样热烈。face: if you face or are faced with a difficult situation, or if a difficult situation faces you, it is going to affect you and you must deal with it面临sb. be faced with sb. face sth. faces sb.confront: vt. 面对；面临 if a problem, difficulty etc confronts you, it appears and needs to be dealt withsb. be confronted withsth. confronts sb.e.g. Customers are confronted with a bewildering amount of choice.? 面对罪证迈克供认不讳。When confronted with evidence of his guilt, Mike confessed. to deal with something very difficult or unpleasant in a brave and determined waysb. confront e.g. We try to help people confront their problems .In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may fail at first. 要想成长，要想探索新的道路，人们就得乐于冒险，乐于面对未知世界，并敢于接受初次尝试便失败的可能性。? 当今世界，竞争越来越激烈，来自教育、职业、或家庭压力越来越重，因此必须保持一个良好的心境来面对各种情况。As the competition in the modern world is more and more fierce, the pressure from education, career, or family is more and more severe, it is essential to keep a good mood to confront all kinds of circumstance. #Para 2CF: imagination, fancy, fantasy (nouns refer to the power of the mind to form images, especially of what is not present to the senses) 都含“想象”的意思imagination: most broadly applicable形成思维的能力, 其思想过程是较为积极的e.g. Poets and artists have imagination. 诗人和艺术家都有想象力。fancy: esp. suggests mental invention that is whimsical, capricious, or playful and that is characteristically well removed from reality主要指古怪的、多变的或嬉戏的思想产物，与现实相距特别远。构成虚幻或不可相信形象的能力, 其思想过程常为消极的。e.g. Is world peace only the fancy of idealists? 难道世界和平只是理想主义者的幻想吗?fantasy: applied principally to the product of imagination given free rein and especially to elaborate or extravagant fancy主要指陷入奇异的或夸大的幻想后的思想产物；狂想。The pole vault is truly the highlight of any track and field competition. It combines the grace of a gymnast and the strength of a body builder. (para 2)TranslationF撑杆跳高确实是所有田径比赛中最精彩的项目。它融合了体操运动员的优雅和健美运动员的力量。It also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a two-story building is a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event. (para 2)TranslationF它还具有飞翔的特征，对观看这个项目比赛的观众来说，飞跃两层楼的高度简直是一件不可思议的事情。=#Para 3As long as Michael could remember he had always dreamed of flying. (para 3)(for) as long as: used to talk about something continuing for the amount of time that you want, need, or is possiblee.g. Caldwell says she will continue lecturing as long as people want to listen.She tried to stay awake for as long as she could.dream of / about (doing) sth.: to think about something that you would like to happen or have理想，愿望e.g. She dreamed of becoming a chef.CF: Line 73 dream about: to have a dream while you are asleep做梦，梦到Translation FMichael自从能记事起就一直梦想着飞翔。birds-eye view: a view of something from high above it俯瞰 (syn: panoramic view: 全景)e.g. Visitors can enjoy a birds-eye view of the area from the castle turrets (塔楼). Beijing started to build the worlds largest Ferris wheel, hoping to offer tourists a birds-eye view of the city. 北京开始建设世界上最大的摩天轮，希望能让游客鸟瞰城市。 a general report or account of something, without many details概览e.g. a birds-eye view of modern history近代史的概览Her excitement and passion for details made Michaels dreams full of color and beauty. (para 3)passion: n. strong feeling, esp. of love热情e.g. HOLLYWOOD star Wentworth Miller was surprised by the passion of Shanghai fans when he arrived in town to endorse the Chinese domestic clothing brand Me & City. 好莱坞明星温特沃斯米勒为代言本地服装品牌Me & City到访上海，而上海粉丝的热情让他大吃一惊。His eyes were burning with passion. speak with passion充满激情地说All the passion in their marriage has died.Soccer is her passion. 足球是她酷爱的体育运动passion for sb. / sth.e.g. She has a passion for music. 酷爱音乐fly into a passion: to suddenly become very angry勃然大怒e.g. Hes been known to fly into a passion without warning. 他以动不动就发火而有名the Passion: the suffering and death of Christ 耶稣受难、殉道e.g. Passion Sunday 耶稣受难日 passionate adj. 热烈的；充满激情的 / passionless adj. 没热情的detail: n. 细节、详情；琐事e.g. skip the details to get to the main point 舍细节，抓重点For further / more details, contact the personnel department.These duties are discussed fully in detail in the following chapters. 详细地He wouldnt go into detail(s) over the phone but he said it had something to do with Bernard. 详细叙述、逐一说明I told them everything down to the smallest / last detail. （非常详细地）我把这件事原原本本讲给他们听了。Domestic details imprisoned her. 繁杂的家务把她拴住了vt. to give all the facts or information about sth. 详述，仔细汇报短语：detail sb to do sth (to officially order sb, esp. soldiers) 派遣Translation F她对细节的激情和酷爱使得Michael的梦境色彩缤纷，绚丽无比。recur: vi. come or happen again (问题、困难等)再发生；(疾病等)复发，重现e.g. My headaches are so-called migraines which recur all the time. 我的头痛又叫偏头痛，老是不停发作。Leap year recurs every four years. 每四年闰年一次。The same old favourites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity. 一些相同的老嗜好年复一年地以单调的规律重现。 The same sort of attribution(特性), of urges out of control, is a recurring theme in the reporting of school violence.recur to sb / sth: fml (of ideas, events, etc) come back into the mind （指想法 事情等）在头脑中重现e.g. ? 我们初次见面的情形时常浮现於我的脑海。 Our first meeting often recurs to me / my mind. recurrence n. / recurrent adj.e.g. More care in the future will prevent recurrence of the mistake. 将来的小心可防止错误的重现。It was at the exact moment he took a deep breath that he began to lift off the ground. He would begin soaring like an eagle. (para 3)soar: vi. to fly, especially very high up in the sky, floating on air currents翱翔e.g. His ambitions soared to the skies.他壮志凌云。 (amounts / prices. etc) to increase quickly to a high level剧增e.g. The temperature soared to 80F. 气温骤升到80华氏度。Air pollution will soon soar above safety levels. 空气污染会很快突破安全标准。Asian stocks soar after US rally / rebound. 美国股市反弹带动亚洲股票蹿升。With the arrival of the Qingming Festival (Tomb-sweeping Day), the traffic will be especially bad, and the prices of sacrificial offerings, such as flowers and paper money, will soar next weekend. 随着清明节的来临，交通会特别拥挤， 诸如鲜花和纸钱这些用于祭祀的物品的价格也会在下周末猛涨。NB: (sky)rocket: The trade deficit has skyrocketed.Structure F 强调句型。He began to lift off the ground at the very moment he took a deep breath.注：he took a deep breath是定语从句。英语中有些表示时间的定语从句，在非正式语体中，通常可以省略关系副词when。例如：e.g. the time / day / morning / afternoon / evening / night / week / month / year etc (when) This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.She made me feel at home the moment I arrived.There are times when I hate him. She remembered the day when Paula had first walked into her office.the place / town / country / street etc (where)the reason (why)the way (in which / that) Translation F就在他深深吸上一口气的瞬间，他开始从地面一跃而起，就像一头雄鹰那样开始翱翔。#Para 4coincide: vi. to happen at the same time as something else, especially by chance同时发生planned / timed / arranged to coincide e.g. The show is timed to coincide with the launch of a new book.The company will make 2,012 watches to coincide with the centenary anniversary (百年纪念) of the Titanics sinking in 2012. if two peoples ideas, opinions etc coincide, they are the same一致e.g. Even if her advice does not coincide with what you want, I advise you to follow it.The interests of employers and employees do not always coincide. 雇主和雇员的利益并不总是一致的。 n. coincidencee.g. by coincidence碰巧sheer / pure coincidence (=completely by chance) adj. e.g. Any similarity between this film and real events is purely coincidental. The rise of the novel was coincident with the decline of storytelling.coincidental: happening completely by chance without being planned巧合的、碰巧的 coincident: existing or happening at the same place or time同时发生的? 本故事纯属虚构，如有雷同纯属巧合。This story is purely fictional. Any resemblance to actual individuals or events are coincidental.Where he flew would always coincide with his mothers stories. Wherever he flew was with a keen eye for detail and the free spirit of his mothers love. (para 4)have an eye for detail (=be skilled at noticing details) e.g. Photographers need to have an eye for detail.He has a good eye for detail and notices almost everything. 他明察秋毫，几乎一切事情都注意到了。Translation F他飞跃的都是母亲故事里描述的地方。无论他飞向何方，他都怀着母亲所赐予他的自由精神，用敏锐的目光观察入微。#Para 5work out: exercise (to make your body fit and strong by doing exercises) 运动；锻炼e.g. Work out at a gym or swim twice a week. calculate (to calculate an answer, amount, price etc) 算出（总数）e.g. See if you can work this bill out. to work out a sum 算出总数 get better (if a problem or complicated situation works out, it gradually gets better or gets solved) 带来好结果；有预期的结果e.g. Things will work themselves out. 事情会有好结果的。 understand, plan (to think carefully about how you are going to do something and plan a good way of doing it) 理解、想出、解决e.g. The plot is very complicated - itll take you a while to work it out.Negotiators are due to meet later today to work out a compromise.alternate: v. if two things alternate, or if you alternate them, they happen one after the other in a repeated pattern交替，轮流e.g. Night and day alternate. 昼夜交替。showers alternating with sunshine时晴时雨His life seems very dull and alternates between work and sleep. 他的生活似乎很枯燥,就是工作完了睡觉，睡完觉又工作。In spite of excellent documentaries, and some good popular science magazines, scientific stories in the media still usually alternate between miracle and scientific threat. The popular stereotype of science is like the magic of fairy tales: it has potential for enormous good or awful harm. Popular fiction is full of good scientists saving the world, and mad scientists trying to destroy it. adj. e.g. Beijing is to ban vehicles with even and odd-numbered license plates on alternate days from July 20 to Sept. 20 to help improve air quality for the Olympic Games, the city has announced. 北京市宣布从7月20日到9月20日实行单双号限行制度以使奥运期间的空气质量得以提高。China Central Committee members and alternate members 中央委员和候补委员People need to understand that thinking is an acquired skill. Figuring things out takes practice, failure, retooling ones plans, and trying an alternate route if necessary. 所有人都需要了解其实思考是一种后天学到的技能。将事情理出头绪需要练习、经历失败、修正计划，以及在必要时设法改变做法。The walls were painted with alternate stripes of yellow and green.alternate lines隔行CF: alternative adj. & n. an alternative idea, plan etc is different from the one you have and can be used instead选择性的，二者择一的e.g. alternative ways / approach / methods etcThe way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road. 这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。We have no alternative but to go on. 除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地。This research provides a more positive alternative by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change peoples impressions of how good looking you are. 该研究提出了一个更为积极的观点，它提醒人们，性格在很大程度上能决定你的吸引力；性格甚至能够改变人们对于你外表的印象。dedicate: vt. to give all your attention and effort to one particular thing献身，致力e.g. be dedicated to. / dedicate oneself to. / dedicate ones life to. 献身于.dedicate sth. to 把用于 e.g. dedicated their money to scientific research把他们的钱用于科学研究 to say at the beginning of a book or film, or before a piece of music, that it has been written, made, or performed for someone that you love or respecte.g. The book was dedicated to her husband.dedication: n.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), governments at all levels and people of all the ethnic groups in China diligently followed the guiding principles set out at the Sixteenth CPC National Congress and worked in concert and with dedication. We vigorously responded to the complex and volatile international environment, strove to overcome various difficulties hindering economic and social development, and prevailed over the sudden and severe outbreak of SARS and catastrophic natural disasters such as the recent snow and ice storms in the south that the region has rarely seen before. We made major achievements in reform, opening up and modernization, which attracted the attention of the world. 在中国共产党领导下，各级政府和全国各族人民认真贯彻党的十六大精神，齐心协力，顽强拼搏，积极应对复杂多变的国际环境，努力克服经济社会发展中的各种困难，战胜了突如其来的严重非典疫情和历史罕见的低温雨雪冰冻等特大自然灾害，改革开放和现代化建设取得了举世瞩目的重大成就。(from: REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT delivered at the First Session of the Eleventh National, Peoples Congress on March 5, 2008. 2008年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上国务院总理温家宝作的政府工作报告。)on one / two / several occasion(s) 有一（两，几）次e.g. I have seen Juana with them on several occasions.NB:on occasion = sometimes but not often 偶尔e.g. I have on occasion visited her at home.on the occasion of 值之际e.g. on the occasion of her 50th birthday=#Para 6vain: adj. someone who is vain is too proud of their good looks, abilities, or position - used to show disapproval自负的；虚荣的e.g. a vain girl虚荣心强的女孩子He is vain of his speech他对自己的发言很得意。She is one of those vain people who never take others advice. 她属于那种自负得从不听别人劝告的人。 a vain attempt, hope or search fails to achieve the result you wanted无用的；徒劳的e.g. a vain attempt / effort 没有结果的尝试 / 努力vain promises空头许诺A mantis raises its forelegs in a vain attempt to obstruct a chariot. 螳臂挡车 in vain徒然，枉然e.g. All our work was in vain. 我们所有的工作都白费了。If people dont learn from this, then his suffering and death were in vain.Doctors tried in vain to save him but he died just before dawn.If this fighting finally brings peace to the area, the soldiers will not have died in vain. 假若这次战斗最终给这个地区带来和平，那么士兵也算没有白死。Listen to the rhythm of the falling rain, telling me just what a fool Ive been. I wish that it would go and let me cry in vain, and let me be alone again. 听那淅淅沥沥的雨声，它好象在说,我是个傻瓜。 我真希望雨停下来。 让我无望地哭泣， 让我再次孤身单影。(from: Song Rhythm of Rain)In vain have I struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you. “我实在没有办法死捱活撑下去了。这怎么行。我的感情也压制不住了。请允许我告诉你，我多么敬慕你，多么爱你。”(from: Pride and Prejudice)He seemed unaware of the fact that he had just beaten his personal best by three inches and that he was one of the final two competitors in the pole-vaulting event at the National Junior Olympics. (para 6)Structure FThe function of two “that” appositiveby: prep. used to say how great a change or difference is 相差，超出e.g. I was overcharged by $3.Translation F他似乎并没有意识到自己刚刚把个人最好成绩提高了3英寸，已经是全国少年奥林匹克运动会撑杆跳高项目最后两名决赛者之一。#Para 7be ashamed of sth.be / feel ashamed of yourselfbe ashamed to do sth.e.g. Im ashamed to admit that Ive never read any of his books.? 他觉得无颜见江东父老。He felt too ashamed to go back home to see his elders. Quick-minded and eager to learn, he is never ashamed to consult his inferiors. 敏而好学，不耻下问。CF: ashamed / shameful /shamelessashamed 因过失、错误而感到惭愧，多用作表语，修饰人shameful: shameful behavior or actions are so bad that someone should feel ashamed 可耻的， 可用作表语和定语，指令人感到可耻的行为或者事物e.g. It is shameful that she stole money from the blind man.shameless: not seeming to be ashamed of your bad behavior although other people think you should be ashamed 无耻的e.g. The liar had shamelessly distorted the truth.They used the shameless trick of a thief crying out “Stop thief! 他们使用了贼喊捉贼的卑鄙伎俩。They are just shameless: we invented the idea and they reaped its profit. 他们真是寡廉鲜耻：主意 是我们想出来的，好处却被他们占了。Nothing to be ashamed of, but Michael would not allow himself the thought of not winning first place.Paraphrase FHe would not be ashamed of getting himself second place, but. (From this sentence we can learn that Michael held a very good attitude toward the competition. On the one hand, he didnt think it would be a shame to win second place; on