形容词比较级和最高级的复习.doc

形容词和副词(二)【复习目标】掌握常见形容词和副词比较等级用法。明确使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级的要点。 【知识要点】（一）形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法：大多数形容词和副词都有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。形容词、副词的原形称为原级；两人或两物之间，在性质或特征方面相比较时，用比较级；在三个或三个以上人或事物之间进行性质或特征方面的比较，用最高级。等级比较程度句型例句说明原级A=Bas+原级+asLily is as old as HanMei.John runs as fast as Jim.ABnot+so（as）+原级+asThis book is not so/as good as that one.He doesnt swim so/as well as his sister.比较级A或AB,C,D或AB,C,Dthe+最高级+of/inI am the shortest in my family.Lins hair is the longest of the three.副词最高级前the可以省略。注：有些形容词由于本身涵意的限制，没有比较级和最高级。如：dead, empty, round, sure, woolen等。（二）使用比较级和最高级的几个要点1比较应在同类事物间进行误：My hair is longer than you.正：My hair is longer than yours.为了避免重复累赘，比较状语从句中常有某些成分被省略，但作为“比较的对象”的成分不能省掉，否则会造成不合逻辑的比较。误句中you和my hair不属同类的东西比较，故要成yours(=your hair),这样便属同类比较了。 2避免双重比较误：His handwriting is more better than mine.正：His handwriting is better than mine.在比较级前加上more属重复比较，是错误的。 3比较级和最高级前的修饰语不可误用误：You can jump very higher on the moon than on the earth.正：You can jump much/far higher on the moon than on the earth.very不可与比较级或最高级连用，比较级前可用much, far, even, a lot, a little等来修饰。4最高级后的介词in与of误：Xu Yang sings the best of her class.正：Xu Yang sings the best in her class.表示比较的范围的介词短语“in.”与“of.”在用法上是有区别的：(1)in表示“在内(指某范围内)”，其后接表示单位、组织、时间等概念的单数名词或代词。(2)of表示“属性(指在同类人、物中)”，其后可接：a.“the+基数词”或“the+基数词+名词复数”eg:Betty is the youngest of the three girls.b.“all +the(ones)+名词复数”或“all(作代词)”eg:Lin Lan is the hardest of all. 5形容词最高级前要用the误：This TV play is best I have ever seen.正：This TV play is the best I have ever seen.形容词前必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可以用也可以不用the。 6比较级前加the误：Lucy is nicer of the two.正：Lucy is the nicer of the two.形容词的比较是对两种性质相同的人或事物的比较：如“A比B漂亮”，英语有两种译法：一是把A、B都出来：A is nicer than B;另一种是只说出其中一个人：A is the nicer of the two.因此在“主语+谓语+the+比较级+of the two+复数名词”的句型中，比较级前的the不能省去。 7比较要符合逻辑误：Zhang Feng is shorter than any boy in his class.正：Zhang Feng is shorter than any other boy in his class.正：Zhang Feng is the shortest of all the boys in his class.当比较的人或物超过两个时，我们使用“any other”或“the+最高级+of”的结构。误句中any boy(任何一个男孩)包括了Zhang Feng,而Zhang Feng不能比他本身还要矮。 8主格和宾格问题比较级than后应用人称代词的主格，但在非正式语体中常常用宾格，如：I am older than she.I am older than her.(多用于口语中)但有时意义有所不同。如：I like the boy better than her.(我喜欢那个男孩胜于喜欢她)I like the boy better than she.(我比她更喜欢那个男孩) 9同一个表示比较的句子，可以有不同的表达。如：他是班上个子最高的。He is the tallest in his class.He is the tallest student in his class.He is the tallest of the students in his class.He is taller than his classmates.He is taller than any other student in his class.He is taller than any of the other students in his class.He is taller than any of the others in his class.He is taller than all of the others in his class.He is taller than all the others in his class.He is taller than anybody else in his class.Nobody else in the class is as tall as he.No one is taller than him in his class.Nobody else is as tall as he in his class. 【典型例题解析】例1A plane is than a car.A. slower B. slow C. faster D. fast 解析根据题意，飞机与汽车在进行速度比较，因此要用形容词的比较级，故排除B、D；而答案slower表明飞机速度比汽车要慢，这样不合逻辑，因此答案为C。 例2Shanghai is in China.A. bigger B. the bigger cityC. the biggest cities D. the biggest city 解析在中国有许多城市，所以此题要用最高级，故要排除A、B，而Shanghai是一个城市，所以答案C中的cities也是错误的，因此答案为D。 例3Jeff runs fast. John runs faster. David runs the fastest .A. of the three B. than JeffC. than John D. than Jeff and John解析Jeff, John, David三人之间的比较，要用最高级，因此B、C、D中的比较级用法不对，应排除。答案应为A。 例4In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than .A. Hong Kong B. that Hong KongC. that of Hong Kong D. it of Hong Kong解析两者之间比较在内容上应保持一致，为避免重复，后一部分比较内容，用one代替可数名词单数，用those代替复数名词，不可数名词用that代替。此题是两地天气之比，因此答案为C。 例5He studies harder than the others his class.A. at B. of C. for D. in解析表示比较的范围的介词短语用in.或of.，故排除A、C；而in表示“在.内(指某范围内)”，of表示“属性(指在同类人、物中)”，而his class是个单位，表示他的班级之内这一范围，故答案为D。 【选讲例题】例6When we do exercises, we must be we can.A. so careful as B. so carefully asC. as careful as D. as carefully as 解析此题包含两个知识点：a.形容词和副词用法的区别；b. as.as句式。因句子谓语动词是be,故应选形容词，其中B、D可排除。as.as结构根据句意应用肯定式，故答案为C。 例7 people study English.A. More and more B. Many and manyC. Much and much D. Few and few解析此句考查比较级中的一个句式：“比较级+and+比较级”，表示程度的加深，故排除B、C、D，答案应为A。 例8Beijing is one of in China.A. big city B. bigger cityC. the biggest city D. the biggest cities解析表示三者或三者以上的比较时，要用最高级，故排除A、B；再者，“one of.”后名词要用复数形式。答案为D。 【课内追踪练习】(C)1This girl is happy, but that girl is .A. happy B. more happy C. happier D. the happier(D)2My parents are than my uncles.A. more busy B. busyer C. busy D. busier(A)3Try to make as mistakes as possible.A. few B. fewer C. fewest D. the fewest(C)4Who did in English exam this week? Li Dan did, of all the students. A. well B. better C. the best D. good(B)5Room 618 is in the building.A. bigger than any one B. bigger than any other oneC. biggest than any other D. biggest than any other one(D)6My father is older than my mother.A. little B. less C. least D. a little【复习小结】、正确运用比较级和最高级。、掌握比较级和最高级的句式。、注意使用比较级和最高级的句式。 【课外巩固练习】一、单项选择(C)7A tree is than a flower.A. young B. tallest C. taller D. shorter(D)8An elephant is than a cat.A. big B. the bigger C. biggest D. much bigger(D)9Of all the stories here, I think this one is the .Its not interesting at all.A. least B. most C. best D. worst(B)10The tea in this cup is hotter than .A. in that cup B. that in that cupC. those in that cup D. that cup(A)11The cow doesnt run the horse.A. as fast as B. so faster than C. faster D. so faster as(D)12 they played, they felt.A. The more, excited B. The more, the excitedC. More, more excited D. The more, the more excited(B)13My sister, is three years than I. She is of us.A. elder, older, tall B. elder, older, the tallestC. older, elder, taller D. older, elder, tallest(A)14Who speaks English ,Jane, WeiHua or May?A. best B. better C. well D. good 二、句型转换15The silk blouse is the most expensive in the shop.(同义句)The silk blouse is more expensive than any other blouse in the shop. 16Sue is cleverer than Linda.(同义句)Sue is the cleverer of the two. 17That pencil is cheaper than this pen.(同义句)That pencil isnt as/so expensive/dear as this pen. 18Peter and Mary are eight years old. Bill is eleven years old.(连成一句) Bill is three years older than Peter and Mary. 19Lucy has three apples. John has four apples. Sue has six apples.(变成问句)Who has the most apples, Lucy, John or Sue? 三、下列每个句子中都有一处错误，请划出并订正20.Whats the best sport of summer?In21.Your mother looks very younger than my mother.much/far22.The little girl isnt enough strong to carry the heavy box.strong enough23.The old horse cannot run as faster as it did.fast24.His manners are better than Mary.Marys 四、完形填空Mr Churchill was twenty years old and not very 25.He was not married and he lived 26 in a small house in a city.Every summer Mr Churchill went to the sea for a holiday. He stayed in a small, cheap hotel, but he always wanted to have a 27 room. He hated dirty places.One summer a friend of his said：“Go to the No.8 Hotel. I went th