最新高三英语高考英语语法课件：虚拟语气.ppt

虚拟语气的虚拟语气的 “ “四种形式四种形式” ”及及“ “三点注意三点注意” ” 高三英语总复习语法训练材料高三英语总复习语法训练材料 虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种 语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。 但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点。无怪乎许多学生 学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道：学完虚拟语气后，常常会叹道： If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式一、掌握虚拟语气的四种主要形式 （1 1）条件从句）条件从句+ +主句主句 （2 2）几个常用虚拟语气的句型）几个常用虚拟语气的句型 （3 3）wish, as if wish, as if 及及if only if only 的虚拟形式的虚拟形式 （4 4）It is time that It is time that 的虚拟形式的虚拟形式 二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象二、注意虚拟语气的三种活用现象 （1 1）含蓄条件句）含蓄条件句 （2 2）时间错综句）时间错综句 （3 3）虚实错综句）虚实错综句 时间时间时间时间 谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词 的虚的虚拟拟拟拟形式形式 从句从句主句主句 现现现现在在 动词过动词过动词过动词过 去式去式 （be be 多用多用werewere） would / should / could / would / should / could / might + might + 动词动词动词动词 原形原形 过过过过去去 had + had + 过过过过去分去分词词词词 would / should / could / would / should / could / might + have + might + have + 过过过过去分去分词词词词 将来将来 动词过动词过动词过动词过 去式或去式或 should / should / were to + were to + 动词动词动词动词 原形原形 would / should / could / would / should / could / might + might + 动词动词动词动词 原形原形 1. 1.The rice _ if you had been more careful.The rice _ if you had been more careful. A. would not be burning A. would not be burning B. would not burnB. would not burn C. would not have burnt C. would not have burnt D. would not burntD. would not burnt 2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been ; would have prevented A. had been ; would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent B. had been ; would prevent C. were ; would prevent C. were ; would prevent D. were ; would have prevented D. were ; would have prevented 3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ she would 3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ she would have met my brother.have met my brother. A. has come B. did come A. has come B. did come C. came D. had comeC. came D. had come 4._ 4._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.often. A. If it is not A. If it is not B. Were it not B. Were it not C. Had it not been C. Had it not been D. If they have notD. If they have not 5.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.5.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got 6. 6.If she had worked harder, she _.If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed A. would succeed B. had succeeded B. had succeeded C. should succeed C. should succeed D. would have succeedD. would have succeed 7. If he _, he _ that food.7. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned ; would not take A. was warned ; would not take B. had been warned ; would not have taken B. had been warned ; would not have taken C. would be warned ; had not taken C. would be warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken 8. 8.If it _ tomorrow, they would not go there by bike.If it _ tomorrow, they would not go there by bike. A. will rain B. rains A. will rain B. rains C. would rain D. should rainC. would rain D. should rain 9._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the 9._ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the YangpuYangpu Bridge. Bridge. A. Were B. Should A. Were B. Should C. Would D. WillC. Would D. Will 10.If I _ you, I would not do it.10.If I _ you, I would not do it. A. am B. were A. am B. were C. shall be D. beingC. shall be D. being 1. 1. 动词动词 + + 宾语从句宾语从句 一个坚持：insist; 两个命令：order, command; 三个建议：suggest, propose, advise; 四个要求：desire, demand, ask, require I propose that we (should) set a dead line for handing in the plans. I suggest that we (should) set off at once. I insisted that we (should) decide what to do with him. 虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式：( (should) + should) + 动词原形动词原形 2. 2. It is (was) + It is (was) + 上述动词的过去分词上述动词的过去分词 + + that that 主语从句主语从句 It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.It is demanded that he (should) leave at once. It is requested that she (should) give a performance at the party. It is requested that she (should) give a performance at the party. 3. 3. It is (was) + important / necessary / better / strange / surprising / It is (was) + important / necessary / better / strange / surprising / natural / possible / a pity / no wonder + that natural / possible / a pity / no wonder + that 主语从句主语从句 It is best that he (should) set off at once.It is best that he (should) set off at once. It is important that everybody (should) be told all the facts. It is important that everybody (should) be told all the facts. 虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式：( (should) + should) + 动词原形动词原形 4. 4. order order 等等 + + be + be + 表语从句表语从句 My advice is that we (should) send for a doctor.My advice is that we (should) send for a doctor. Our suggestion is that you (should) be first to go. Our suggestion is that you (should) be first to go. His only request is that you (should) give him more time. His only request is that you (should) give him more time. 5. order 5. order 等等 + + 同位语从句同位语从句 Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch?Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch? 上述结构中常用的名词有：上述结构中常用的名词有：suggestion, order, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea, command, requestproposal, plan, idea, command, request等。等。 虚拟语气形式：虚拟语气形式： ( (should) + should) + 动词原形动词原形 1. 1.I insist that a doctor _ immediately.I insist that a doctor _ immediately. A. has been sent for B. sends for A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for C. will be sent for D. be sent for 2.It is suggested that the job _ done in another way.2.It is suggested that the job _ done in another way. A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be 3.He had an idea that we _ by bike.3.He had an idea that we _ by bike. A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go 4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till 4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till tomorrow.tomorrow. A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting 5. 5.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.and _ free. A. did ; set B. had done ; should be set A. did ; set B. had done ; should be set C. do ; be set D. does ; would be set C. do ; be set D. does ; would be set 6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion.6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion. A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be 7.The boss gave orders that the work _ at once.7.The boss gave orders that the work _ at once. A. will be started B. must be started A. will be started B. must be started C. be started D. should start C. be started D. should start 8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the 8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules.rules. A. obeys A. obeys B. obey B. obey C. will obey C. will obey D. would obeyD. would obey wish, as if wish, as if 以及以及 if only if only 的虚拟形式：的虚拟形式： 这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与 条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态 。 随随“ “时时” ”变化的几种用法：变化的几种用法： 时间时间时间时间谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词谓语动词 虚虚拟语拟语拟语拟语 气气 wish / as if / wish / as if / as though / if only / as though / if only / would ratherwould rather 现现现现在在动词过动词过 动词过动词过 去式（去式（be be 多用多用werewere） 过过过过去去had + had + 过过过过去分去分词词词词 将来将来would + would + 动词动词动词动词 原形原形 1. 1.I wish I _ you yesterday.I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to seeC. had seen D. were to see 2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks A. breaks B. has broken B. has broken C. were broken C. were broken D. had been brokenD. had been broken 3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next 3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next weekend.weekend. A. went ; should come A. went ; should come B. should go ; had comeB. should go ; had come C. had gone ; came C. had gone ; came D. go ; comeD. go ; come 4. 4.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had beenC. have been D. had been 5. I blamed her yesterday.5. I blamed her yesterday. I would rather you _ that. I would rather you _ that. A. didnt do B. hadnt done A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. shouldnt doC. wouldnt do D. shouldnt do 6. He is a very brave man.6. He is a very brave man. Yes. I wish I _ his courage. Yes. I wish I _ his courage. A. have A. have B. had B. had C. will have D. would haveC. will have D. would have It is time that It is time that 的虚拟形式的虚拟形式 It is time thatIt is time that It is high time that It is high time that It is about time that It is about time that 谓语动词的虚拟形式为： 动词过去式 (be 多为were) It is time It is time 还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析：还可以有其他句型形式，需注意辨析： It is time (for It is time (for sbsb.) to do .) to do sthsth. . It is time for It is time for sthsth. / doing . / doing sthsth. . It is the first time that ( It is the first time that (从句用陈述语气的现在完成时从句用陈述语气的现在完成时) ) 1.1.It is high time you _ the bus.It is high time you _ the bus. A. had caught A. had caught B. caught B. caught C. will catch C. will catch D. catchD. catch 2.Its about time he _ to do the work.2.Its about time he _ to do the work. A. begins A. begins B. will begin B. will begin C. begin C. begin D. beganD. began 3. Its high time that we _ to school. 3. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would go A. would go B. went B. went C. go C. go D. will goD. will go 4.It is time we _ up our results. 4.It is time we _ up our results. A. sum A. sum B. summed B. summed C. will sum C. will sum D. would sumD. would sum （一）、含蓄条件句（一）、含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从含蓄条件句就是虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从 句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些句不表现出来。这时，必须根据句中表述的意义以及某些 特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此特定的信息词，并依据前文所列举的四种现象，来判断此 时须采用的形式。时须采用的形式。 1.Without electricity, human life _ quite different 1.Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 2. 2.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said Without electricity = If there were no electricity （二）、时间错综句（二）、时间错综句 从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情从句与主句或上下文所表述的时间不一致。在这种情 况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述 的时间关