动词的种类和基本形式.doc

龙文学校英语个性化辅导资料 学生： 龙文学校-您值得信耐的品牌教育机构 3第八章 动词的种类和基本形式【新课标考点】1.熟记所学动词一般现在时度单数第三人称形式，现在分词，过去式，过去分词的构成；2.熟练掌握系动词be的用法；3.初步掌握系动词become，get，look，turn等的一般用法；4.掌握助动词的一般用法；5.了解动词的及物不及物用法；6.掌握can，may，must，need等情态动词的基本用法。【新课标知识】动词： 表示动作或者状态的英语单词。如：work工作。一 动词的种类(1) 行为动词； 也叫实义动词，是表示行为或者状态度动词。有完整的意义，作谓语。可分及物动词和不及物动词。1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整。如：Tom bought a pen yesterday. 汤姆昨天买了一支钢笔。2.不及物动词后面不接宾语也完整。如：She works hard. 她工作努力。3.部分动词兼有及物和不及物特征。如：The boy can climb now。这小孩会爬了。The boy is climbing the tree。这小孩在爬树。4.短语动词的用法：行为动词常与其他一些词类搭配形成固定词组，意义常有变化，需要注意！动词+介词：look for寻找；get on the bus上车动词+副词：put away把收好；（介词宾语置中） Look out小心；动词+副词+介词：catch up with赶上；动词+名词+介词：take care of照顾；(2) 连系动词：连系动词亦称系动词（Link Verb），它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。1）状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。如： He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, lie, stand, 如： He always kept silent at meeting.他开会总保持沉默。 3）表像系动词：用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, look。如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词：感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。如：This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起香。 5）变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 如：She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了(3) 助动词：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。如： He doesnt like English.他不喜欢英语。（doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来： a. 表示时态。如： He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。 b. 表示语态。如： He was sent to England.他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句。如： Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗？ d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。如： I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气。如： He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。 最常用的助动词有：be, have/has, do/does/did, shall, will, should, would等。(4) 情态动词：情态动词本身有一定词义，但不单独作谓语，必须后接实义动词原形构成谓语，表示语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。常见到情态动词有: can(能), may(可以), must(必须), have to(不得不), ought to(应该), dare(敢), used to(过去经常), had better(最好), would rather(宁愿)。用法有：1.后面+ 动词原形 。2.在否定句中，can, may, must和dare后边加not； had better和would rather的否定式分别是had better not do和would rather not do。3. May？ No， XXX mustnt/ cantMust？ No， XXX neednt 4.表示肯定推测用must，否则推测用cant；二、动词的基本形式 （以work为例）1） 动词原形：work2） 动词第三人称单数形式：works3） 动词现在分词：working4） 动词过去式：worked5） 动词过去分词：worked具体规则如下表：构成规则原形三单过去式过去分词现在分词直接+后缀lookplayvisitlooksplaysvisitslookedplayedvisitedlookedplayedvisitedlookingplayingvisiting去e+后缀(ieying)livehopetieliveshopestieslivedhopedtiedlivedhopedtiedlivinghopingtying辅音字母+yi+后缀studycarrystudiescarriesstudiedcarriedstudiedcarriedstudyingcarrying双写末尾字母+后缀stopplandropstopsplansdropsstoppedplanneddroppedstoppedplanneddroppedstoppingplanningdropping注：动词第三人称单数形式基本与名词复数相类似。不规则动词需要单独记忆，常见到不规则动词见后附录。【新课标考题】基础训练( ) 1. Every night the noise_. A. wakes him out B. wake up him C. wakes him up D. wake him up( ) 2. She _ to sleep, but she was never able to sleep well. A. came B. fell C. tried D. missed( ) 3. She picked it up and _. A. gave me it B. gave to me it C. gave it me D. gave it to me( ) 4 .The shoes are yours. Please_. A. put it away B. put them away C. put away it D. put away them( ) 5 .The stars _ very small because theyre very far away from us. A. are B. look C. change D. become( ) 6.Will you go to the Great Wall if it _ fine tomorrow? A. will B. was C. is going to be D. is( ) 7. His grandpa _ for a year. A. died B. has been dead C. has been death D. was died( ) 8. Two years ago, he _the Youth League.A. has joined B. joined C. took part in D. entered( )9. The girl _beautiful at all. A. isnt B. doesnt C. didnt D. arent( ) 10. -My pen_. -Neither does mine.A. wont write B. didnt write C. doesnt write D. is not written( ) 11. He_ his homework last week. He_ ill. A. doesnt do; is B. didnt; / C. didnt do; was D. not did; was( ) 12. I think Miss Gao is the best teacher in our school. _ you_ me? A. Do; agree with B. Are; agree with C. Are; angry with D. Are; agree with( ) 13. _ you been to the Great Wall? A. Has B. Have C. Do D. Does( ) 14. There _an English evening on December 18. A. are going to have B. will be C. will have D. is going to have( ) 15. There_ a rice field outside the village. A. lies B. are C. were D. lie( )16. The box is light. Wang Pin can _ it by herself. A. find B. watch C. carry D. learn( )17. My parents _ about 1000 yuan for my school education each year. A. spend B. take C. cost D. pay( )18. Davids always the winner of the race, but this time he _ others. A. fell behind B. fell downC. fell over D. fell off( )19. Will you please _ us a story, Miss Gao? -OK, shall I _ it in English or in Chinese? A. tell; speak B. talk; speakC. tell; say D. talk; say( )20. Oh dear! The radio is making so much noise. Will you _? A. turn it up B. put it upC. turn it off D. put it off中考真题精选( )1.(07北京)Mary, you speak Chinese? Yes, only a little.A. must B. need C. may D. can ( )2.(07重庆) sleep too late. Its bad for your health.A. Do B. Not C. Dont D. Please not( )3.(07天津)A lot of meetings were because of the dangerous disease.A. turned off B. set off C. put off D. taken off( )4.(07江西)It looks like a television. Do you think so?Yes, I . A. understand B. know C. mean D. agree( )5.(07陕西)Could I borrow your dictionary? Of course you _. A. can B. must C. should D. will( )6.(07安徽)Schools _ allow students at least one hour a day for sports. A. would B. might C. should D. could( )7.(07河南). Hi, Mum! Have you cooked fish for dinner? I can _it. A. taste B. smell C. feel D. touch( )8.(07河北). You bought a new computer last week, _ you? A. arent B. dont C. didnt D. havent( )9.(07吉林). Dont _ the people in trouble. Try to help them. A. hear from B. go over C. laugh at D. look like( )10.(07沈阳). Could you show me how to _ this new recorder? A. operate B. listen C. look D. learn( )11.(07辽宁). The boy keeps on _ English. Now he can _ us stories in English. A. speaking; tell B. talking; talkC. say; speak D. speak; say( )12.(07四川). Oh dear! The radio is making so much noise. Will you _?A. turn it up B. put it upC. turn it off D. put it off( )13.(06河北). Im sorry. Mrs Bates isnt here. May I _ a message? A. take B. leave C. give D. bring( )14.(07遵义). It _ me about a quarter to go to school on foot every day. A. pays B. spends C. costs D. takes( )15.(06嘉兴) “Do you know the meaning of this word?”“No. But why not _ in your dictionary.”A. to look it up