高中英语状语从句用法解析.doc

高中英语状语从句用法解析一、 定义：在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用。二、 分类根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句三、 时间状语从句（一）引导 时间状语从句的连词有：as, when(whenever), before, after, as soon as, until(till), since, every time, once.（二）、 “as” as, when, while都有“当的时候”，可以互用When she was a child.While she was a child. She Lived in Paris.As she was a child.as有“一边一边”的意思He sang as he walked.“when” When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out.I was sleeping when she came in. 动补When we arrived at the station, the train had left.“while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生。用while引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程。While we were having supper, all the lights went out.Please keep quiet while others are studying.While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV. when, while并列连问。when和while都可用作并列连问，连接并列分句。When表示“就在的时候”, while意反而，可是，表示转折。One evening Beethoven was walking in a street, when he suddenly stopped outside a little house.并列连词引导并列句，意思是就在那时。（3） 、主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句是过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时，主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去时。1. I ll call you when I get there.2. They said they would leave when they got the new.3. They left as soon as they got the new.Whenever 无论什么时候，随时1. Whenever someone throws in some rubbish, the truck produces a piece of music.每当有人扔进一些垃圾时，它（汽车）就放一段音乐。2. Whenever we re in trouble, they will help us.3. I go to the theatre, whenever I am free.4. Come and see me whenever you want to.你随时来看我。till和until(表示“直到”)句首多用until1、在肯定句中表示“直到为止”，主句谓语动词要用延续性动词。I was waiting until/till he arrived.2、在否定句中表示“直到才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词，这时until和till常被before替换。I didn t leave till/until she came back.since: 主句用完成时，从句用一般过去时，since引导的从句间或可用现在完成时。It is two years since I have studied English.1. We have known each other since we were children.2. We have been friends (ever since) since we met at school.3. It is (一段时间)+since+一般过去时态句子。It is two years since my sister married.(一段时间) have/has passed since +一般过去时态句子Two sisters have/has passed since my sister married.Since+时间点1. I have been at home since three o clock this afternoon.2. Maria has been in China since two years ago.*every time, each time, next timeEvery time you get back at night, you drop your boots on the floor.Every time I catch cold, I have pain in my back.(every time 分写不可以合写) 比较everyday (adj) 日常的，普通的every day 是名词短语，每天，天天Next time I go there, I will visit them.* once 一旦就Once you begin, you must go on. 你一开了头，就应该继续下去。四、 地点状语从句地点状语从句用where, wherever引导We should go where the people need us.我们应该去人民需要我们的地方。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever they went, they received a worm welcome.无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎。She follows him wherever he goes. 他无论到哪里她总跟着。五、 原因状语从句原因状语从句用because(因为)，since(既然), as(由于)引导1、 字母由多到少，语气由强到弱。2、 由why提问必须用because回答。Since, as不回答why的提问，而且从句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后。3、 because of +名词Because of the rain, we didn t go to the park.4、 because 和so不可连用，只能选其一。（另有although, but）Why didn t he come to school? Because he was ill.Since I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死，我一定这样做。Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give John a Chance.5、 for并列连词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间。For所提供的理由为一个补充说明，而且前面常有逗号隔开。The days we short, for it is December now.*改错 Because he is ill is the reason why he can t come.(Because改为that)六、 目的状语从句目的状语从句用so(常用于口语), that, so that, in order that引导目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。1. We ll sit never to the front so we can hear better.2. He studied hard so that he might succeed.他努力学习，以便成功。3. I ll speak slowly so that you can take notes.我慢慢讲，以便你们能做笔记。4. They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.他们急忙赶往火车站，以便能赶上火车。5.I took a taxi so that I could get there earlier.6.I m going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat.我打算早些去听讲座，以便找个好座位。七、 条件状语从句条件状语从句由if, unless, (so) as long as(只需)引导在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同）We will miss the train if you don t hurry.He said we would miss the train if we didn t hurry.You will fail the exam unless you study hard. (if you don t study hard)He won t come unless he is invited. (if he isn t invited)Eat less food unless you want to become fatter. (if you don t want to become better)As long as you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed.As long as you don t lose heart, you will succeed.八、 结果状语从句结果状语从句由suchthat, so.that, so that, that 引导1. such that 的常用句型such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch +形容词+可数名词单数+thatSuch+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that注意so many (much, few, little) +名词，such a lot of (或lots of)+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.It was such delicious food that they ate it up.2. so+形容词或副词+thatso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHe is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.He works so hard that he did everything well.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.It was such a good day that we all went swimming.3.so that, that都可以引导结果状语从句He didn t study hard, (so) that he failed the exam.4.tooto, enoughto 可以引导结果状语从句与sothat 替换，sothat结构可以用tooto替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can(could) not.She is young that she can t go to school.She is too young to go to school.She isn t old enough to go to school.九、 让步状语从句although, thougheven though = even if, whetherorhowever = no matter howwhatever = no matter whatwhoever = no matter whowhenever = no matter whenwherever = no matter where*although和though都表示“虽然”只是although 更正式，多用于句首，而though用于句中，二者都可与yet, still连用，但不与but连用Although/Though they are poor, they often help others.They are poor, but they often help others.Although he has failed many times, he doesn t give up trying.Whatever/No matter what you say, I won t believe you.No matter what you say, I don t care.No matter who you are, you must obey the rules of our school.However hard he tried, he failed again.No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out riding the waves.十、 方式状语从句方式状语从句由as(如同，按照)，as if (though)引导*as和like都有“像”的意思，as是连词，后面连接句子，like是介词后面可加名词、代词或名词性短语。I did the work as others did. 相当于 I did like others.You must do as I do.as if(though)两者意义相同，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，但实现可能性较大，则用连接词。It seems as if/though it s going to rain.They are talking as if/though they were old friends.She treats me as if I were her brother.When you are in home, do as the Romans do.例 You must do _ I told you.A. after B. before C. where D. as (D)The students must do _ the teacher told them.A. as B. before C. after D. if (A)十一、比较状语从句比较状语从句由asas, not as(so)as, than, the+比较级，the+比较级引导He swims as well as you. (do)He doesn t swim as well as you (do).He got here earlier than you. (did)The busier he is, the happier he feels.英语语法状语从句类型综述状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1 时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2 地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 3 原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, since 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. 4 目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5 结果状语从句 常用引导词：so that, so that, such that, 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such an degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night. 6 条件状语从句 常用引导词：if, unless, 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 7 让步状语从句 常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He wont listen whatever you may say. 8 比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) 特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。 9 方式状语从句 常用引导词：as, as if, how 特殊引导词：the way When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 英语语法状语从句练习50 l. - Is Mrs White in the office? - Yes,_she is on duty, she must be there A.since B.until C.while D.if2. _ journalism seems like a good profession (职业), I would prefer to be a teacher.A. Although B. Even C. No matter D .Now that3. _ he wants to fire you, l suggest you stop wearing sport clothes in the office.A. If B. Since C. Until D. Ualess4. She tried to phone him, _there was no answer because he was abroad.A. since B. while C. so D. but 5. _ I prefer a color TV, I have to buy a black and white one this time.A. As B.Since C.Because D. Although6. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard the voices.A. as B. for C. while D.When7. You can speak French well _ you practise it with a Frenchman every day.A. unless B. although C. as long as D. so that8.The lady will have to wait all day _ the doctor Works faster.A. if B. unless C. whether D. that9. The class went on with the story _they had left it before the holiday.A.where B. which C. in which D.when10. Would you like to have a break _ shall we go on with the work?A. and B.then C.therefore D. or11. We didnt plan to meet. We meet _ in the street. A.by the way B.by chance C.on purpose D. in surprise12. - What are you going to do this afternoon? - Ill probably go for a walk later on _ it stays fine.A. as far as B. so long as C. even if D. as ifl3 .I couldnt make out what they were saying, for they spoke to me _.A.righ away B. all the time C. in all D. at oncel4. - Could you tell me where Jim lives?-_Jim used to live next doo to us, and now he is living in another town.A.At the time B. At one time C. At a time D. At timesl5. In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school, we must_ study how to 1earn in the school now. A. in all B. after all C. for all D. at alll6.I came home very late last night, _, early this morning. A. at latest B.on the whole C. in a word D. or rather17. Im sure ghosts (at) do not exist. _, I have never seen one. A. First of all B.Now and then C. Day and nigh D.At least18. The day must be breaking, _ the birds have begun singing. A. because B. as C. for D. since19. You can go out _ you Promise to be back before 10 oclock.A. now that B. so long as C. so that D. as far as20. Smoking does great harm to our health. _many people smoke in Public Places.A. Therefore B. However C. Although D. No matter2l. Dr. Bethune began to work _ he arrived at the front.A. the moment B. by the time C. before D. at the moment22 .This class named _Lei Feng is one of the best classes in this school.A. in honour of B.in the place of C. in favour of D. in the way of23. We had to he patient because it_ some time _we got the full result. A.have been; since B.had been; until C.was; after D.would be; before 24. I am sorry I didnt do a good job. - Never mind., _you have tried your best.A. Above all B. In all C. At all D. After all l25. Whoever is_ advanced can pass this test. A. more and mor B. more or less C. no more D. any the less 26. _ others say, the Professor is sure that his theory is correct. A. No matter B. It doesnt matter C .Whatever D. What27 .l wont give you any help_ you tell me the truth. Its none of my business. A.unless B.since C.if D.even if 28. Only one third of the people present at the meeting were _the revision (修订) of the rules.A. in agreement of B. in favour of C. in for D. with the side of29. Many places are flooded by heavy rainfalls, so they cant walk _they like these days.A. when B. whenever C. where D. Wherever3O. - How do we do the cleaning?- Do it_: Sweep the floor, wipe the desks, rub the windows and put everything in order. A. as usual B. as follows C. as following D. like that3l. lts cloudy. Take an umbrella _you regret it. A. or B. and C. after D. before32.His father began to work _his childhood. A. since B. before C. as early as D. while33. The roof fell _he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. A. before B. as C. after D. until34.- The thread of my kite broke and it flew away. - I had told you it would easily break_ it was the weakest. A.when B.where C. unless D. since35. The crowd started cheering _he rose to speak. A. as B. since C. till D. where36. I had worked here _you came here. But l shall leave for England_.A. before long; before long B. bore long; long before C. long before; before long D. long before; long before37. Scientists say it may be five or ten years_it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. before C. after D. when38. We called the First - Aid Center_ the traffic accident happened.A. immediately B. shortly C.quickly D. hurriedly39. _ you keep on, youll succeed. Wish you success in the examinations.A. When B. No matter how hard C. So long as D. Now that40.- Do you think we can get there on time? - Yes, _ the car doesnt break down.A.even if B.unless C.until D.so long as4l.- Let Jack take the place. Hes older and should be more experienced.- I dont think so. A man doesnt necessarily grow wiser_ he grows older.A. because B. that C. than D. as42. _you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. A. While B. Once C. Though D. Unless43 .- Was he pleased to hear the news? -_ Pleased, even excited.A. No more than B. More than C. More D. More or less44. _, his wife will stand at the gate to wait for him to come back.A. However he is late B. However is he late C. However late he is D. However late is he45. Havent the curtains been drawn yet? - No, _ the lamps outside have already been lighted.A. though B. since C. when D. after46. Of course they were later than expected; but_ they were in time to start the game.A.at all B.after all C.in all D.for all47. Ill giv