2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编.doc

41 / 41本套资料转载自www.TopS大家网，谢谢分享。最近几年的高考试卷，很多单选题都是从外国网站某篇新闻中节选的句子。考生一定要严格区分和细心的比较所给的四个选项，看其搭配、惯用法，尤其看内涵和外延，别忽略语篇大意要结合上下文语境确定词的意义。2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之名词（精校附解析）【举一反三】【2012届牡丹江一中高三上学期期中考试】To play better, all the players have to know their _ and weaknesses.A. techniques B. strengths C. benefits D. values【答案】B strengths and weaknesses“优势和劣势”是固定搭配，直接选择B项。【2012浙江卷】7.Your_as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.A. operationB. growthC. performanceD. character7.【考点】名词【答案】C【解析】根据句意：作为一个学生，你的学习（performance）会很棒的如果你能够养成对所学的的东西进行反思的话。operation操作、手术；growth增长；character人物、角色，均不符合语境，故排除。【难度】偏小【2012湖北卷】29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any _.A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow29. A【命题立意】考查名词辨析。难度中等。【解题思路】句意为：定期检查眼睛看看是否有眼疾症状很重要。A项意为“症状”，符合句意；B项意为“类似”，C项意为“样本”，D项意为“阴影”，都与语意不符。【2012湖北卷】30. The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _ in applying for a visa. A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspective30. B【命题立意】考查名词辨析。难度较易。【解题思路】句意为：这位官员坚持认定Michael没有按照正确的程序申请签证。B项意为“程序”，符合句意；A项意为“模式”，C项意为“节目”，D项意为“远景”，都与语意不符。【2012江苏卷】21. Can I help you with it? I appreciate your, but I can manage it myself.A. adviceB. questionC. offer D. idea21. 【考点】名词词义辨析【答案】C【解析】句意为：我可以帮你吗？我感激你的提议 “offer”，但我自己能设法做的。offer意为“提议”，符合题意。A意为“建议，劝告”；B意为“问题”；D意为“想法，主意”。【难度】一般【2012江西卷】29Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future .ApurposeBreferenceCprogressDmemory29答案：B考点：考察词义辨析解析：你最好写下这个餐馆的号码以便日后参考用。for future reference是一个常用词组搭配，表示“以供日后参考”。【2012四川卷】15. He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. Its just a matter of _.A. luck B. value C. time D. fact15.【答案与解析】 C 本题考查名词辨析。句意为：他迟早会渐渐理解你付出的努力的。这只是个时间的问题。根据句意选C。【2012全国II】19. The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city.A. quantity B. progress C. production D. demand【答案】D【解析】此处quantity数量；progress进步； production生产；demand要求。这里be in great demand意为：需求量很大，畅销。句意：哈利波特很受欢迎；在这个城市有很大的需求量。【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析。3【2012天津卷】You were working too hard. Youd better keep a _between work and relaxation. 【C】A. promiseB. leadC. balanceD. diary2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之介词（精校附解析）【2012福建卷】26.China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _all its citizens.A. in charge ofB. for the purpose of C. in honor ofD. for the benefit ofD考查介词短语。【2012福建卷】33. Nothing is so easy asparents raise their expectations of their children too high.A. ofB. to C. by D. for【考点】本题考查介词的用法【答案】D【解析】句意为：没有什么比父母亲过多的提高对孩子的期望值更容易的了。for parents“对于父母亲来说”，不定式是真正的被比较成分。本句的关键是找到关键点，一方面的nothing is soas结构，另一方面就是不定式的成分界定。【难度】中等 【2012浙江卷】14.Brown said he was by no means annoyed;_ he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.A. all in allB. for one thingC. on the contrary D. by the way14. 【考点】介词短语词义辨析【答案】C【解析】根据句意：布朗说他一点儿都不恼火。相反（on the contrary）他很高兴能够被透彻理解。All in all总而言之；for one thing其一；by the way顺便讲一下，均不符合语境，故排除。解题的关键是对词组by no means=never（决不）的理解。【难度】中等【2012浙江卷】6. all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word.A. FromB. OfC. ForD. With6. 【考点】介词【答案】B【解析】 two dogs所属与all animals，故用介词of表示这种关系，如：many of us, 我们其中的许多人，故答案B符合语境。From从；for为了；with有，均不符合语境，故排除。【难度】中等【2012湖北卷】25. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place25.D【命题立意】考查介词短语辨析。难度中等。【解题思路】句意为：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。D项意为“与不相称”，符合句意。A项意为“毫无疑问”，B项意为“次序颠倒”，C项意为“看不见”，都与句意不符。【2012江苏卷】29. Thank God youre safe!I stepped back, justto avoid the racing car.A. in timeB. in caseC. in needD. in vain29. 【考点】介词短语【答案】A【解析】in time意为“及时”，in case意为“万一，假使”；in need意为“需要”；in vain意为“徒劳，无济于事”。句意为：谢天谢地，你是安全的！我走回去，正好避免赛车。符合题意。【难度】一般【2012安徽卷】25. You can chang your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be life. A. of B. on C. to D. For选择D是正确的，mean在此表示“预定，指定”。The gift is meant for you. 这份礼物是给你的。 He was meant for to be an electrician. 本来是准备把他培养成电工的。【2012辽宁卷】27. The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake. A. to B. for C. off D. out27、【考点】介词辨析【答案】C【解析】off 意思是“离开.,隔着.”，表示与隔着一定的距离。【难度】一般【2012四川卷】14. This training program can give you a lift at work, _ increase your income by 40%.A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as14.【答案与解析】 A 本题考查介词as构成的短语用法区别。A意为“除之外（还有）；和”；B意为“只要”；C意为“与一样多”（不用于肯定句）；D意为“一就”。此题句意为：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。根据句意选A。【2012陕西卷】11An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.A . against B. for C .to D. withA62012陕西卷【答案与解析】A 考查介词。所填介词与系动词be构成固定句型，意思是：反对，选A。be for支持，赞成；be to到达；be with和在一起，都与句意不符。【2012北京卷】34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?A. at B. on C. to D. across34. D。介词考点【2012全国II】16. 100 is the temperature _ which water will boil.A. for B. at C. on D. of【答案】B【解析】此处是介词前置的定语从句，temperature是先行词，根据介词短语at the temperature可知用at which，which代替temperature。句意：100度是水沸腾的温度。【考点定位】考查介词的用法。2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之形容词和副词（精校附解析）7.【答案与解析】 D 本题考查副词用法。根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了，但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人。”选still（仍然，还）。【2012北京卷】28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.A. some B. less C. much D. more28. D。形容词考点。比较级，根据句意即刻判断。【2012全国II】13. Next to biology , I like physics _.A. better B. best C. the better D. very well【答案】B【解析】此处best是副词的最高级，修饰动词like。句意：除了生物，我最喜欢物理。【考点定位】考查形容词的比较等级。10【2012天津卷】The secretary arranged a(n)_time and space for the applicants to have an interview.【D】A. importantB. spareC. publicD. convenient4【2012天津卷】The dog may be a good companion for the old. _, they need to take it for walk【B】s may be a disadvantage.A.Besides.B. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Instead.【2012全国新课程】29. This restaurant wasnt that other restaurant we went to. A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as half D. good as half as【答案】A【解析】在asas句型中，倍数放在第一个as的前面，故A正确。句意：这家饭店不及我们去过另一家的一半好。【解析】此处confident信心；creative有创造力的；grateful感激的；reasonable有道理的。句意：要讲道理，你不能指望我在如此短的时间里完成所有的工作。【考点定位】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。【2012福建卷】27. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be respected.A. especiallyB. equally C. naturally . D. normally【考点】本题考查副词辨析【答案】B【解析】根据句意：无论是官员还是公共汽车司机，都应该平等的被尊敬，所以选择B项equally“平等地，公平地”；especially“尤其地”；naturally“自然地”；normally“正常地”，只有B项符合题意。【难度】一般 【2012福建卷】32. Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind? ks5u Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it is still _.A. availableB. affordableC. acceptableD. valuable【考点】本题考查形容词辨析【答案】A【解析】根据前半句“我刚刚还给图书馆”和下半句中的still可知这本书或许还可得到的用available，而其它三项 affordable“支付的起的”；acceptable“可接受的”；valuable“贵重的”均与题意不符。【难度】难度强【2012浙江卷】18.Mike was usually so careful, _this time he made a small mistake.A. yetB. stillC. evenD. thus18. 【考点】副词【答案】A【解析】根据句意：麦克通常很认真的，然而（yet）这次他犯了个小错误。Still仍旧；even甚至；thus因此，均不符合语境，故排除。【难度】中等【2012浙江卷】10.The research lacksevidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.A. solidB. fierceC. severeD. potential10.【考点】形容词词义辨析【答案】A【解析】根据句意：研究缺乏实证（solid evidence），因此所得出的结论还有待考证。fierce激烈的；severe严重的；potential，有潜力的，均不符合语境，故排除。【难度】较难28. C【命题立意】考查形容词辨析。难度中等。【解题思路】句意为：这些建筑是否要推倒仍然有争议，人们仍然在寻找其它可能的解决方法。C项意为“有争议的”，符合句意；A项意为“不改变的”，B项意为“相关的”，D项意为“矛盾的”，都与语意不符。【2012安徽卷】34.Queen Elizabeth is often to be richest woman in the world. , her personal wealth seems rather small.A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Altogether选择C。前面说她富有，后面说她个人财富相当少。【2012安徽卷】23. Interest is as to learning as the ability to understand , even more so. A. vital B. available C. specific D. SimilarBe vital to 表示：对.极端重要；something be available to somebody表示：某人可以得到某物，列句：cooperative medical service is available to all the members of the the commune. C答案specific 不能与to 搭配；D 答案 similar to 表示：与.相似。本题可以把定于to understand 省掉，也可以把后面的even more so省掉或还原。Interest is as to learning as the ability 这样可以确定B是错误的，D更是错误的。Interest is even more than the ability to understand.很佩服出卷人！原句： Interest is vital to learning 互联网对于学习极端重要。变化之一：Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand 互联网对于学习极端重要，就像理解能力对于学习极端重要一样，互联网甚至比理解能力更加重要。2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之动词的时态和语态（精校解析版）【2012江西卷】26-Look! Somebody the sofa. -Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.Ais cleaningBwas cleaningChas cleanedDhad cleaned答案：C考点：考察时态解析:句意为”看,有人已经打扫了沙发.是的,不是我,我没有做.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时.【2012湖南卷】22. Dont worrry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. A. will be repaidB. was being repaidC. has been repaidD. was repaidA从dont可知语境为现在，排除B、D；而later in life可知为将来的动作，故选A。动词的时态 一般将来时态 【2012重庆卷】27. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out27.【考点】动词的时态【答案】B【解析】分析题干语境可知，食品供应即将耗尽。run out为不及物动词短语，不能使用被动形式，由此可排除C和D两个选项。B选项为现在进行时态，可以表示将来，符合题意。因此，正确答案为B选项。【难度】一般【2012重庆卷】22.-kevin,you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I_ a test and Im waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take22.【考点】动词的时态【答案】B【解析】根据答语的后半句可知，现在Kevin正在等待测试的成绩，参加测试为一个过去的动作，应该使用一般过去时态。因此，正确答案为B选项。【难度】一般【知识拓展】一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，也可表示过去某段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。其标志性状语常为in the past, yesterday, just now, the day before yesterday, last week, in 2000, two weeks ago等。【2012辽宁卷】35. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid35、【考点】动词时态和语态【答案】A【解析】在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，且I与pay之间是动宾关系，所以选A。【难度】一般【2012辽宁卷】33. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he something instead of just talking. A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 【2012四川卷】9.Did you catch what I said? 高666考%资&源#网Sorry. I _ a text message just now.A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering9.【答案与解析】 D 本题考查动词时态。句意为：“你听懂我所说的了吗？”“对不起。我刚刚在回短信。”根据句意及时间状语just now可知，回短信的动作正好是发生在问话人说话的那一时间点，即表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作，故选过去进行时态D。【2012四川卷】11. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt11.【答案与解析】 A 本题考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用被动语态，且house与动词rebuilt之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。【2012陕西卷】24.Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry, but by then I_ to Beijing. How about five?A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying 【答案与解析】C 考查动词时态。根据问句中的two oclock和应答句中的by then可知所填词表示的动作在当时正在进行，用将来进行时，选C。【2012北京卷】22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting22. C。by the time 后接现在时，表示将来之前发生的动作，故用将来时。【2012北京卷】30. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developingC. would develop D. developed30. D。描述在过去阶段发生的动作，强调状态，用一般过去式。【2012全国II】18. The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told【答案】C【解析】现在完成进行时表示：过去某一动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，现在刚刚结束或还在进行。句意：经理从早上9点开始就一直在不停的告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。根据句意选C。【考点定位】考查动词时态。【2012全国II】14. -Did you ask Sophia for help?-I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own.A. wouldnt B. dont C. didnt D. wont【答案】C【解析】句意：-（过去）你向Sophia寻求帮助了吗？-我没有必要向她求助。我自己就很完美的处理了。对话的内容谈论的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。【考点定位】考查动词时态。12. 【2012天津卷】The three of us_around Europe for about a month last summer.【A】A. travelled B. have travelledC. had travelledD. travel2【2012天津卷】The letters for the boss_ on his desk but he didnt read them until three later.【A】A. were putB. was putC. putD. has put【2012全国新课程】33. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes.A. swim B. swumC. swam D. had swum【答案】C 【解析】主句用过去完成进行时，所以后半句用一般过去时，只有这样才能具备“过去的过去”的条件。句意：我一整个下午都在做数学题，那些数字在我的眼前晕眩。【考点定位】考查动词时态。【2012全国新课程】23. Life is like walking in the snow, Granny used to say, because every step ”A. has shown B. is showingC. shows D. showed【答案】C【解析】此处是奶奶过去常常说的一句话，这里是直接引语，句子的内容是生活哲理。所以用一般现在时。句意：奶奶过去常常说：“生活就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都看得见。”【考点定位】考查动词时态。【2012山东卷】34. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. A. will leaveB. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving 34.【答案】D【解析】此处用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这里were leaving表示：过去要离开。句意：听到自己最信任的两个职员要离去，经理很关注。【考点定位】考查动词时态。【2012山东卷】28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 28.【答案】C【解析】根据前半句的谓语动词用了过去完成时，可知后半句用一般过去时，这样才能符合“过去的过去”这一条件。句意：Jack发了几份电子邮件之后，他才开始研究他的项目。【考点定位】考查动词时态。【2012福建卷】24. 一 When did the computer crash?一 This morning, while Ithe reading materials downloaded from some websites.A. have sortedB. was sortingC. am sorting D. had sorted【考点】本题考查时态的用法【答案】B【解析】首先根据时间状语this morning知道是发生过的事情，去除A、C两项，然后过去完成时的使用前提是有动作的先后顺序，然而本句指的是“今天早晨我正把从网上下载的阅读材料分类时电脑坏的。”指的是过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，B项正确。【难度】一般 【2012浙江卷】16. Alvin, are you coming with us? Id love to, but something unexpected.A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come upD. would come up16.【考点】动词时态现在完成时【答案】A【解析】 根据句意：-艾琳，你要和我们一起去吗？-我想去，但是发生了点意外。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或事情到现在为止，且对现在造成了一定的影响，符合语境，故答案选，过去进行时，表示过去某段时间正在进行的的动作或所处的状态；，过去完成时表示过去的过去；，过去将来时表示过去将来要发生的事情，均不符合语境，故排除。【难度】中等【2012浙江卷】13.Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.A. had abandoned B. abandonedC. abandonD. will abandon13. 【考点】动词时态一般过去时【答案】B【解析】根据but提示，是并列句，故前后时态一致。与had intended相呼应，可知此空应在表示过去时的范围选择，由此排除C、D选项。且abandon动作只是陈述了过去所发生的一件事而已，没有在intend之前，故排除A选项（过去的过去），由此可知答案B符合文意。一般过去时表示对过去所发生的一件事情的简单陈述而已。【难度】中等【2012江苏卷】34. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he_.A. has started B. startsC. startedD. will start34. 【考点】动词时态一般过去时【答案】C【解析】句意为：这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。根据句意，总统开始上任是过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时。故选C项。【易错分析】考生容易根据when he quits而误选B项。事实上when he quits中的quits是用了一般现在时来代替一般将来时。【难度】较难that it .A. was decorated B. had decoratedC. had been decorating D. was being decorated 选择D. It 指代 the reading-room,所以只能用被动，考虑到only to be told 表示结果，所以选择D是自然地了【2012安徽卷】33. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept选择A。首先把which 引导的非限制性定语从句删掉。三单否定B，同时也没有选择完成时的理由。【2012安徽卷】26. In order to find the missing child , villagers all they can over the past five hours. A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing 后面的over the past five hours 意味着现在完成时，所以选择D。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”明显不正确。2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之代词（精校附解析）【2012江西卷】23My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.AnothingBnoneCno oneDneither23答案：B考点：不定代词解析：nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调“每一个”；no one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选B。【2012重庆卷】21.-John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? -_.Ill be off to London then. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None21.【考点】不定代词用法【答案】B【解析】根据答语“Ill be off to London then.”可知，约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说，都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不”之意，符合语境。因此，正确答案为B选项。【难度】一般28. If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get for me?A. one B. such C. this D. that28、【考点】代词的用法【答案】A【解析】根据句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.【难度】较难【2012陕西卷】13. No matter where he is, he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.A. him B this C. that D. it A22012陕西卷【答案与解析】D 考查代词。所填词做使役动词make的形式宾语，真正宾语是to go for a walk，选D。【2012全国新课程】31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do.A. either B. anyC. neither D. none【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知，Bill和Peter两个人，所以其否定形式用neither。句意：Larry请求Bill和Peter一起和他去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们要工作。【考点定位】考查代词的用法。【2012山东卷】21. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoeverB. whereverC. whatever D. however21.【答案】A【解析】此处whoever是代词，意为：任何人，无论谁。它作to的宾语。句意：你看完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。【考点定位】考查代词的用法。2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之动词和动词短语（精校附解析）【2012江西卷】30We were all agreed that the cottage would a perfect holiday home for the family.AmakeBturnCtakeDhave30答案：A考点：考察动词的用法解析：我们一致同意，这个小舍将会给我们的家庭营造一个完美的假日家园。make表“可以用作，可发展为”，与for连用。Turn表示“变为”，一般后跟into。【2012辽宁卷】26. Rod loves clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again. A. taking apart B. giving away C. making up D. turning offA82012陕西卷【答案与解析】D 考查动词短语辨析。break in打断； 闯入； 开始工作；break up结束，散开；分解；