中考英语专题复习.doc

中考英语专题复习宾语从句考点梳理1、引导宾语从句的各种连词。2、宾语从句的语序主句+连接词+主语+谓语。3、宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。4、引导词if、when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别运用。知识点详解一、宾语从句的连接词： 1、连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。 eg. He knew (that) he should work hard. 2、连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。 eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming. 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether： 在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided. 在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. 与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. I wonder where he got so much money. 二、宾语从句的语序： 宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。 Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?() Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( ) The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分) 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” She said she would leave a message on the desk. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. I asked him where the tickets are. 三、宾语从句的时态呼应： 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。(主现从不限)如：I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。（主过从限过）如：The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。（真金不怕火炼）如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。四、 if 和when宾语从句和状语从句的区分： if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。判断方法： 可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。通过连词在句中的意思来判断。Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell you对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否会来。He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，他会来的。五、其他注意问题1、由连接代词或连接副词 what, how, where 等引导的宾语，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时从句可转换为“疑问词不定式”结构。She hasnt decided where she will go on holiday.She hasnt decided where to go on holiday.2、当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？3、动词 think, make, find 等后的宾语从句可转换为简单句，即：think/make/find宾语宾语补足语。如：His teacher found that he was a clever boy.His teacher found him a clever boy.4、当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.练习( )1 Can you tell me_ you were born, BettyA. who B. what C. when D. that( )2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where( )3. We never know _ the old man is. They say he is a teacher. A. what B. who C. which D. where( )4. Do you know _ Im going to see him.Sorry, I dont know.A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived( )5. W here do you think _ he _ the computer Sorry, I have no idea. （做此题时需注意do you think 做插入语，将其放在句首可有利于分析）A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy( )6. I didnt see Laura at the party last night. Do you know_？A. why didnt she come B. what happenedC. when would she arrive D. where she has been( )7. Im new here. Could you please tell me _？Sure. Its over there behind that tower.A. where the youth centre is B. when the library opensC. how far is the amusement park D. how can I get to the underground station( )8. Do you know _？Yes. She is doing her homework.A. what is your sister doing B. what your sister is doingC. when your sister is doing homework D. where is your sister doing homework( )9. Do you think _ Xiao Ming can pass the high school entrance exam or not?Sorry, Ive no idea.A. that B. which C. if D. whether( )10. Thank you for showing me_.Ahow use this phone B how to use this phoneChow can I use this phone D that I use this phone( )11Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend.But nobody knows if it _.Ai