人教版八年级下册英语Unit1-5单元笔记练习.doc

八年级下册Unit 1 单元笔记1. People will have robots in their homes. will助动词，表单纯的未来。用于陈述句表“将，会”。否定句：wont = will not will用于疑问句意为“会吗？2. There will only be one country. There will be 是there be句型的将来时。3. I think there will be more / less pollution. 我认为将会有更多/更少的污染。fewer 与less及more表数量的用法。（1） few（形容词）“几乎没有，很少的”，修饰可数名词。其比较级、最高级为规则变化：fewfewerfewest。“a few”表示“一些”，“few”带否定含义，“几乎没有”。（2）little（形容词）“很少的，几乎没有的”（“小的，幼小的”），修饰不可数名词。其比较级、最高级为不规则变化：littlelessleast。“a little”表“一些”，“little”带否定含义，“几乎没有”。（3）many“许多”，修饰可数名词。much“许多”，修饰可数名词。 many / more比较级、最高级为不规则变化：many / much moremost。 4. in 与 after的区别 例句：Ill be back in half an hour. 我半小时后就回来.本句中的in作以后解，不能用after代替。after和in都可以表示以后的意思，其区别是：1）after以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态的句子。例如：They started working after lunch. 他们是午餐后开始工作的。The film was shown after the meeting. 电影是会议结束以后放的。2）in以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。如：They will start working in half an hour. 他们将在半小时后开始工作。The film will be shown in 2 or 3 days. 这部电影将在两三天后上映。3）在某个特定的时间以后，after也可用于将来时态的句子。例如：They will start working after 10 am. 他们将在上午10点以后开始工作。The film will be shown after 5 oclock. 这部电影将于4点以后上映。4) “after+一段时间”或“一段时间+later”表示“（在过去某个时间看来）一段时间之后”。He went home after two days. 他两天后回家了。Three years later，she had a baby. 三年后，她生了一个婴儿。5. fall in love with 爱上 fall in love with a girl 爱上一个女孩 注 fall 是“陷入”的意思. 它与feel（感觉）很像。fallfellfallen feelfeltfelt.6alone adj.（只作表语） adv. 独自；单独 He was alone in the house他一个人在屋里 。 I went to the movies alone，I felt lonely. 注 alone 表示“单独的，独自一人的”，不含感情色彩.做形容词时，只能在be动词或系动词之后做表语与lonely不同，lonely表示“孤独的，寂寞的”含有丰富的感情色彩.lonely做形容词时，可做定语和表语。如: a lonely village 孤寂的村庄.7keep vt.& vi. keep 有好几个意思，在本课中做“饲养；喂养”讲，相当于feed。 keep a pet parrot 养一只宠物鹦鹉 feed a cat with fish 给猫喂鱼（1）保住；保留：Ill try my best to keep my job. 我要尽力保住我的工作。（2）保守（秘密）：keep a secret（这对我来说可是太难了）（3）保持（某状态）：Keep silent! 保持沉默！Keep top side up! 请勿倒放！（4）继续；持续：They kept walking. 他们继续步行。8.That may not seem possible now. seem 是连系动词,意为“似乎”“好像”“看上去”,用来表示说话人内心的有一定依据的推测判断或猜想其主要用法如下: 1. seem 后面接动词不定式 to do ，构成固定词组：seem to do sth”似乎要.”例: My father seemed to know the news. 我父亲好像知道这个消息 2. “It seems/seemed that.从句.”例如: It seemed that you were lying. 看来你在撒谎! 语法1) 一般将来时1用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。 如：go, come, leave, arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。 We are having fish for dinner. We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。2用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。 Are you going to post that letter? How long is he going to stay here?另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。Its going to rain.3. 用will/ shall do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示预见。She will come to have class tomorrow. She wont come to have class tomorrow. 4. 用一般现在时表示。根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如：1. The new term starts （begins） on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。2. If it doesnt rain tomorrow， we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将出野餐。 3. Ill call you as soon as he gets home. 他明天一到家我就打电话通知你。2） There be结构英语中,There be句型表示“某处有某人或某物”。例如:There are always more than one hundred birds in the big tree every evening. 每天傍晚那棵大树上总会有100多只小鸟。一、There be句型的用法:1)There与be中间可插入一些表示推测的情态动词、表示时态的短语和一些动词短语,以强调某种语气。例如:There must be some flowers in the box. 盒子里肯定有些鲜花。There will be a meeting this afternoon.注意:be不能换成have及have的变化形式。2)There be句型常与过去时间状语连用,构成一些固定句型,用于故事发生的开头,交代故事发生的时间。例如:Many years ago,there was such a beautiful girl called Cindy.很久以前有一个叫Cindy的美丽女孩。3)There be句型中，动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据 就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。例如:There is a desk, two chairs and three benches in the room. There are two chairs, a desk and three benches in the room. 八年级下册Unit 2 What should I do? 单元笔记一丶重点短语1argue v争论；争吵 argue with sb与某人吵架2 either adv.（用于否定句）也 He doesnt have any money, and I dont, either他没有钱，我也没有。 I cant play chess. She cant, either.我不会下国际象棋，她也不会。 too 也（用于肯定或疑问句） Im a teacherHe is a teacher, too我是老师，他也是老师。3ask （sb）for sth向某人寻求某物；要 Dont ask for food every dayGo and find some work4the same as. 与相同 （注意前后两个比较对象的属性保持一致）The clothes are the same as my friends 5except 除以外；（不包括在内） My class has been invited except me 注意区别：besides 除以外，还有.（包括在内） We all went there besides him除他去以外，我们也都去了。( He went thereWe went there, too) 他也去了，我们也去了！/大家都去了！ There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外还有5名访客 （加上我是6个）6wrong adj错误的；有毛病的；不合适的 Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?) Ive got a headache我头痛。 Whats wrong with your watch? It doesnt work.你的手表怎么了？它不走了。 注意：Whats the matter with you?= Whats wrong with you ?=Whats the trouble with you? 你怎么了？/你出什么事了？7get on（well） with sb与某人相处（融洽） get on ( well ) with sth 某事进展地好The students will get on well with the teacher学生会和老师相处得非常好。 8have a fight with sb fight with sb与某人打架 I dont want to have a fight with my cousin 我不想和我的堂兄打架。 二、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures) What should I do? You could write him a letter What should he do? Maybe he should say sorry to him What should they do? They shouldnt argue三、词语辨析 1. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借进某物 （借回来）lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth 把某物借给某人 （借出去）注 borrow sth. from sb. 是指该句的主语从别人处(往里)借进某物 lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 是指该句的主语把某物（往外）借给别人用 2. get sb. to do 使做（以人为对象时，有“说服使做”的含义） ask sb. to do 邀请（人）做 tell sb. to do让某人做某事 例如： 3、be in style 时髦的，流行的 be out of style 过时的，不时髦的 四、课文解释1、I dont want to surprise him. 我不想让他感到意外。此处surprise是及物动词 surprise sb. 使某人感到吃惊2、talk about it on the phone 用电话就此事进行交流On the phone 在电话里 。不能使用 in the phone、3、call sb. (up) =give sb. a call 给某人打电话4、write sb. a letter = write a letter to sb. 给某人写信5、give him a ticket to a ball game.给他一张观看球赛的入场券 (注意to 译为：.的)6、She has the same haircut as I do. 她和我有相同的发型。7、find out （经过某人的研究、努力）发现，查出，找出8、Everyone else in my class was invited except me.此句中else一词不能单独使用，它必须跟在不定代词像“someone, anyone nobody”等词的后面，或跟在特殊疑问词像“what, where”等词的后面使用意思是“别的”What else 别的什么， Who else 其他谁 someone else 其他人9、I cant think what I did wrong. 我真想不出我做错了什么。10、Im very upset and dont know what to do.我很沮丧，不知该干什么。背熟以下两个常见结构： I dont know what to do .我不知道该做什么。I dont know how to do it. 我不知道该怎么去做它。11、There are a lot of things you could do. 有许多你能做的事。12、You left your homework at home.你把你的作业落在家里了。leave sth. +介词短语，是“把忘在，落在（某处）的意思。注：千万不能根据汉语的说法写为：forget sth ,只能用leave sth.表示“落下”13、You should try to be funny. 你应该试着幽默一些。 Try to do努力做，试着做，尽量做而try not to do 是尽量不做14、Their school days are busy enough. 他们的学校生活是够忙的。 enough必须放在形容词/副词的后面,表示“足够的” （后置）15、be under too much pressure. 在太多的压力下16、see other children doing a lot of things 看别的孩子在做许多事see sb. doing 看见某人正在干某事 （强调动作正在进行）See sb do sth 看见某人做过某事 （强调动作已结束）17、find it hard to do sth. 发现做（事）很难 八年级下册Unit 3 what were you doing when the ufo arrived? 单元笔记一. 过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用。 过去进行时的构成：肯定形式：主语+was/were+V-ing否定形式：主语+was not (wasnt)/were not (werent)+V-ing疑问形式：Was/Were+主语+V-ing。基本用法：1. 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有：at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sth等时间状语从句。如： What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 2. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while后通常用表示持续性动词，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态，如： When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded.3.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如： I was walking in the street when someone called me. 4. when作并列连词，表示“（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如： I was taking a walk when I met him. 二. 情态动词(Modal Verbs ) 情态动词：must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”注：以must引导的一般疑问句，否定回答习惯上用 No，you neednt或 dont have to. Must I pay now? Yes,you must . No, you neednt./No,you dont have to.三. 重点词汇 1cut v切；剪；割cut (ones)hair 理发Be carefulDont cut yourself小心，别切到自己。2alien n外星人An alien got out of the UFO. 一个外星人从不明飞行物里出来。3land v登岸；登陆；降落 n.陆地The plane will land in ten minutes飞机将在十分钟后降落。A UFO landed in the middle of the field. 一个不明飞行物降落在田野中间。4while conj当的时候；在之时While I danced, she sang我跳舞，她唱歌。While he was singing, I was playing baseball. 他当时在唱歌，而我在打棒球。5right adv正好；恰好The accident happened right over there事故正好发生在那里。He lives right in the center of the city. 他恰好住在市中心。6surprised adj惊奇的；吃惊的I was surprised that he was late for the party我很惊讶他聚会居然迟到了。She was surprised that I didnt know about that. 她很吃惊我竟不知那件事。注：ed形容词用于修饰Sb,而ing形容词用于修饰sth7kid v欺骗；哄骗Im not kidding you我没有骗你。Youre kidding = No kidding. 别开玩笑了。8anywhere adv到处；无论哪里（用于否定句和一般疑问句中）Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去没去过什么地方?They didnt go anywhere the day before yesterday. 他们前日天哪里也没去9happen v发生A funny thing happened in the subway yesterday 昨天地铁里发生了一件有趣的事。What happened to him on that day? 那天他怎么了？（发生了什么事？）注：happen 常用于以下两个结构：sth. happen to +名词 ：发生于身上 happen to do sth 碰巧做某事如：She hoped nothing bad would happen to him她希望不会有坏事发生在他身上。10get out of 从出去She tried to get out of helping her mother她尽量逃避帮助她的妈妈。Tom got out of the lift and walked to the station. 汤姆走出电梯然后往车站走去。11run away 跑开；迅速离开；逃走The thief ran away when someone noticed him当有人注意到他的时候，那个贼立刻逃走了。12at the doctors 在诊所；在医院Im thinking of going to the tailors在表示诊所、店铺或某人的家时，经常用名词所有格的形式。Mr. Cools = Mr. Cools clothes store at Jasons = at Jasons storeShe is staying at Marys她住在玛莉家。I want to go to the tailors. 我想到裁缝店去一趟。13. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做(过)某事she saw the alien get out. 她看见外星人出来. 14. 感叹句是英语的一种重要的句型，用来表示人的强烈感情。一般说来，感叹句是由what或how引导，句末用感叹号. 感叹句结构为：What a/an + adj(形容词） + n（名词） +（主+谓） What +adj(形容词) +名词复数 + （主+谓） What +adj(形容词) +不可数名词 + （主+谓）How +adj/adv+ （主+谓）四词语辨析 1、in front of 与in(at) the front of in the front of 在的前面 （表示“有距离的前面”，在一个参照物的前面） e.g.: There is a car in front of the house. 房子前日面有一辆车 in(at) the front of 在的前头，前排（列）（在一个范围内的前面部位） eg. She sat in the front of the bus. 她坐在公交车的前排 2、get out of 与get into 是反义词 get into走进，进入 eg. He get out of the car and get into the building. 3、be amazing与be amazed be amazing 令人惊奇的（修饰事物的，指某事令人惊奇，比surprising更具意外性 e.g.:She has an amazing talent for music.她在音乐方面有惊人的才华。 Isnt that amazing .那不很令人意外吗？ be amazed (at sth./to do /that 从句)（某人）对(因而)大感惊讶(指人作主语) eg. We were amazed at the news.=We were amazed to hear the news.我们对这个消息感到非常惊讶. 4、be surprising与 be surprised be surprising令人惊奇的（用法与be amazing一样，也是修饰事物的） e.g.:a surprising ending 一个令人惊奇的结局 be surprised (at sth./to do/that从句) （某人）对(因而)感到惊奇，用法与be surprised 一样，也是人作主语。 eg. They were surprising that he was badly hurt in the audient. 他们很吃惊他在那次事故中伤得很重。 5、in a tree与 on a tree eg. Are there any birds in the tree? 树上有些鸟吗？ on a tree 在树上（指长在树上的东西） Look! There are many apples on the tree. 6、my flight to New York 与 fly to New York 前者是一个名词短语，后者是一个动词短语。 eg. Her flight to Paris is taking off at 2 p.m. She is flying to Paris at 2 p.m. 五.课文解释： 1. You can imagine how strange it was!你可以想象这事有多惊奇！ eg. You can imagine how fast he runs! 2. I followed it to see where it was going follow sb. to do sth. 跟随去做 eg. Mr White followed his wife to see what was happening there. 3. She didnt think about looking outside the station. Think about (doing) sth. 她未想到去车站外看看. 4. say to sb. 对某人 say to oneself 自言自语 e.g.: He said to himself, “Dont be afraid.” 他自言自语,“不要害怕” 5. look for 寻找（强调找的“过程”） find 找到（强调找的“结果”） eg. He looked for his lost key everywhere but couldnt find it. 6. It was difficult to get out of bed. 从床爬起来很难。 It is difficult/hard to do sth. 做某事很难。 He found that it was difficult to learn physics well. 八年级下册Unit 4He said I was hard-working单元笔记【词汇学习】 1mad adj极为愤怒的；十分恼火的 She was mad with me for losing my keys她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。 2anymore adv再；还（用于否定句） He doesnt come here anymore他再也不到这儿来了。 3however adv无论如何 He can answer the question however hard it is不管问题有多难他都能回答。 4suppose v假定；认为；料想；期望 What do you suppose you will do after school? 你放学后想干什么? 5nervous adj紧张的；神经质的 I felt very nervous when I went into his office 当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。 6semester n一学期；半年 We will have ten subjects in this semester这个学期我们将学十门功课。 7disappointing adj令人失望的 Maybe this news isdisappointing 也许这是一个令人失望的消息。 8be supposed to 认为必须；认为应该 You are supposed to be successful你应该成功。 9get mad 变疯；变得着迷 She gets mad about going to dance她对跳舞着了迷。 10get over 恢复，克服困难 Can we get over this difficulty? 我们能克服这个困难吗? 11. first of all 首先 12. pass on 传递 13.be supposed to 被期望或被要求 14. do better in 在.方面做得更好 15. be in good health 身体健康 16. report card 成绩单 17.get over 克服；恢复；原谅 18. open up 打开；开拓；开发；开放 19. care for 照料；照顾 20have a party for sb. 为某人举行一次聚会 21be mad at sb 对某人恼火，愤怒【重点句型分析】 1. What are some soap operas you know? 你所知道的有哪些肥皂剧？ you know是定语从句，修饰前面的名词soap operas 2. What are some things that happen on soap operas? 肥皂剧里发生了些什么事？ That happen on soap operas 是定语从句，修饰前日面的名字something. 3. Lana said she wasnt mad at Marcia anymore. 拉娜说她不再生玛西娅的气了。 be mad at (with) sb. 对某人恼火 be mad at (about) sth. (doing sth.) 对某事恼火 eg. Mother got mad at (with) me for watching TV for hours. （此处的got mad at = was mad at） not anymore 不再 eg. She didnt cry anymore. 她不再哭了。 4. bring some books to her house. 给她带来一些书 bring sth. to 从（远处）带来，拿来（到近处） 而其反义词为：take to “从（近处）拿（走）到（远处） eg. Could you bring some water to me? Please take the chair to Jims room. 5.pass this message to sb.将这个消息(信息)传给某人 pass on sth. to sb 把某物传递给某人 eg. She said she would pass the dictionary to Tom. 6.You want to know why C didnt return it and where it is.你想知道为什么C未将它还回来并想知道它在哪里。 此句中why C didnt return it and where it is是宾语从句作know的宾语,请注意宾语从句的语序。（陈述语序） 7You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it. 你应该今早上在车站去见面并把它还给人家。 be supposed to do 被期望，应该(做) eg. He is supposed to be there on time.按理他应该准时到哪里。 【课文解析】1. In English, Im better at reading than listening. 在英语方面，我的阅读比听力更好。 be better at doing (than doing)是be good at 的比较级，意思为“更擅长” eg. Are they better at playing football than basketball? 2. I can do better in math.在数学方面我能做得更好。 better 是well的比较级 do well in 在方面做得好 eg. Does she do well in physics? 3. I finished my end of year exams last week. 我上周结束了期末考试。 finish doing sth eg. Did he finish doing his homework before he went to bed? 4. I had a really hard time with science this semester. 这学期我的科学学科学得的确不好。 5. Its not right to copy others homework. 抄袭别人的作业是不对的。 请记住这一句型：Its right for sb to do 6. I said I didnt think it was a good idea for her to copy ma homework. 我说我认为对她来说抄我的作业不是个好办法。 注意1：此句中的三个动词都是过去时，即时态的一致性 注意 2：中英文语序（否定词的位置）的不同 7. She said it was much better if she din her own work. 她说如果她自己做作业就会好多了。 much +比较级，意思是“得多” e.g. He runs much faster than I. 8. Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not sound like fun to you. 在甘肃省一个贫困的山村里教中学学生在你听起来可能不算什么有趣的事。 此句中may+ 动词原形，表示“可能” sound like +名词，意思为“听起来像” 9. Every year they send 100 volunteers to teach in Chinas rural areas. 每年他们都往中国的乡村地区派100名志愿者去教书。 send to 派，送到 10. Her village was 2000 meters above sea level. 她的村庄位于海拔2千米。 Above 介词. “在上面” above sea level”海平面”11. the thin air made her feel sick 稀薄的空气使她病了 make sb. do 使某人干某事（此处只能用动词原形，不能+to） 12.They love heaving volunteer teachers there. 他们喜爱让志愿者老师教他们。 love doing (to do) 13.There often isnt money for education. 经常没有钱来受教育。 14. I can open up my students eyes to the outside world. 我能开阔学生们的视野，把他们带到外部世界。 15. give them a good start in life 给他们一个生活的新起点 give sb. sth.给某人某物 =give sth to sb16. She said she likes being a good influence in the childrens lives. 她说她愿意给孩子们的生活中起一个好的影响。 17. Yang Lei enjoyed her time as a volunteer very much. 杨蕾很愿意做一个志愿者。 18. care for “Mother Earth” 关心“地球母亲” 19. care for wild animals in danger 关心处于危险中的野生动物 20. I cant do anything about that. 我对于那件事无能为力。 【词语辨析】 1. hard working 与work hard 前者是形容词，可作表语、定语；如：a hard-working student ; He is hard-working. 后者是一个动词短语，“努力工作”hard 是副词，修饰动作work. 2. forget to do 与forget doing 前者是“忘记做”(to do 表示将来的动作) e.g. Dont forget to call me.别忘了打电话给我。 eg. Ill never forget seeing the musical in New York.我永远忘不了在纽约看过的那出歌舞喜剧。 【重难点分析】 直接引语和间接引语 直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 练习：将下面变成直接引语或间接引语的句子！注意以上各点变化！1. Betty asked me if I had been at home the day before.Betty asked me，“_ _ at home _?”2. She said that she had been back for a week.She said，“_ _ _ for a week.”3. Mr. Smith said that John had told him all about it three weeks before.Mr. Smith said，“John _ _ all about it three weeks _.”4. The teacher asked his student why she had made so many mistakes in the test that time.The teacher asked his student，“Why _ _ _ so many mistakes in the test _ time?” 5. The teacher asked us whether we were ready. The teacher asked us，“_ _ _?” 6. The teacher told her not to be late any more. The teacher _ _ her，“_ _ late any more!” 7. My doctor told me not to read in bed. My doctor _ _ me，“_ _ in bed.” 8. Liu Ying told me that she would help me with my English. Liu Ying said to me，“_