八年级英语语法上册总结.doc

八年级英语语法上册总结清华大学英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果八年级英语语法上册总结一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成.happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。beautiful (原级)? difficult (原级)more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级)most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good better bestmany more mostmuch more mostbad worse worstlittle less leastill worse worstfar farther(further) farthest(furthest)deep deeper deepesttall taller tallest形容词比较级的用法:形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。形容词最高级的用法:形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。二、句子成分1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：1)，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。2)，复合谓语：情态动词不定式3、表语4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。6、状语修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。三、句子类型：1、简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。2、复合句（Complex Sentence）由一个主句（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。3、两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。四、简单句的五种基本句型基本句型一： S V （主谓）基本句型二： S V P （主谓表）基本句型三： S V O （主谓宾）基本句型四： S V o O （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： S V O C （主谓宾宾补）五、宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。初二上册学的宾从就是这些。六、时态：一. 一般现在时: (1)表示现在的状态, 例如:Hes twelve. (2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作,例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple.常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.1. 肯定句结构:(1) 行为动词:a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+动词原形. 例如:They go to school every day.b.第三人称单数: He/She/It+动词-s/es 例如:Lily often likes singing.(2)系动词(be): I am. They/We/You are He/She/It is2.否定句结构:(1) 行为动词:a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+dont+动词原形. 例如:They dont go to school every day.b.第三人称单数:He/She/It+doesnt +动词原形 例如:Lily doesnt like singing.(2)系动词(be): 在is/am/are后加not 例如:I am not a worker.3. 一般疑问句结构:a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: Do+they/we/you+动词原形.例如:Do they go to school every day? （Yes, they do. No, they dont.）b.第三人称单数: Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形 例如: Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesnt.)(2)系动词(be):把is/am/are提在主语前. 例如:Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, Im not.)二.现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事情.常与now, look, listen等表示现在状态的时间状语连用.1.肯定句结构: 主语+is/am/are+动词-ing例如: The boys are playing football now.2.否定句结构: 在is/am/are后加not例如: The boys arent playing football now.3. 一般疑问句结构: 把is/am/are提在主语前. 例如: Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they arent.)三.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday, last, ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用.1. 肯定句结构:(1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式例如: The twins went to school two hours ago.(2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was They/We/You+were例如: I was at home last night.2.否定句结构:(1) 行为动词: 主语+didnt+动词原形例如: The twins didnt go to school two hours ago.(2)系动词(be): 在was/were后加not例如: I wasnt at home last night.3. 一般疑问句结构:(1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形?例如: Did the twins go to school two hours ago? (Yes, they did. No, they didnt.)(2)系动词(be): 把was/were提在主语前.例如: Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I wast.)四.一般将来时: 表示将来某时将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.常与tomorrow, next等表示将来状态的时间状语连用.1. 肯定句结构:(1)用于书面语: 主语+will+动词例如: We will come to see you tomorrow(2)用于口语: 主语+am/is/are going to+动词例如: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.2.否定句结构:(1)用于书面语: 在will后加not例如: We wont come to see you tomorrow. (will not=wont)(2)用于口语: 在is/am/are后加not.例如: Tom isn going to see his uncle next Sunday.3. 一般疑问句结构:(1)用于书面语: 把will提在主语前.例如: Will you come to see you tomorrow? (Yes, we will. No, we wont.)(2)用于口语: 把is/am/are提在主语前.例如: Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday? (Yes, he is. No, he isnt.)五.情态动词: can(能，会)， may（可以，可能，也许）， must(必须，一定，应该） have to（必须，不得不）1. 肯定句结构: 主语+can/may/must+动词例如: I must go now.2.否定句结构: 在can/may/must后加not. 例如: I mustnt go now.3. 一般疑问句结构: 把can/may/must提在主语前.Must you go now? (Yes, I must. No, I neednt.)May I open the window? (Yes, you may. No, you neednt.)六.had better+动词原形，表示“最好干”，变否定句时在had better后加not.例如:You had better catch a bus. Youd better not catch a bus. (You had= Youd )七.动词不定式：want /forget /remember /would like /go + to + 动词原形例如: I want to get back my book.Lucy went to see his mother last night.九.特殊疑问句的变换：对划线部分提问时，将划线部分去掉，剩下部分变一般疑问句语序。（对主语提问例外）例如: My name is Lily. Whats your name?The river is 500 kilometres. Hong long is the river?清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果初三英语试题第一部分 听力测试（共20分）一、 听句子，选择正确的应答语。每个句子读两遍。（5分）1.A.Lets go. B.This evening. C.Yes,I have.2.A.I am hungry. B.With my best friend. C.Good idea. 3.A.Last year. B.I like English. C.At school.4.A.Last week. B.For a year. C.OK.5.A.At home. B.I like English songs. C.John Denver.二、听对话及问题，选择最佳答案。每段对话和问题读两遍。（5分）6.A.On the fourteenth floor. B.On the twelfth floor. C.On the tenth floor.7.A.February 29. B.February 28. C.March 1.8.A.English. B.Chemistry. C.History.9.A.He had a cough. B.He had a headache. C.He felt cold.10.A.50 yuan. B.15 yuan. C.35 yuan.三、听对话，回答问题。每段对话读两遍。（5分）听第一段对话，回答第1112小题。11.Where does the woman want to go? A.The Police Station. B.The English Corner. C.Center Street.12.In which direction（方向）does the woman have to turn at the next corner? A.To the right. B.To the left. C.To the south.听第二段对话，回答1315小题。13.Who are the two speakers? A.Husband and wife. B.Teacher and student. C.Shopkeeper and buyer.14.What color trousers did he buy? A.Black trousers. B.Brown trousers. C.White trousers.15.How much are the trousers? A.$45. B.$35. C.$46.四、听短文，选择正确答案。短文读两遍。（5分）16.Where was the old womans house? A.In a town. B.On a farm. C.In a village.17.Who was the old woman having dinner with? A.By herself. B.Her children. C.Bill.18.When did the young man come back again to the old womans house? A.Ten months later. B.Ten years later. C.Ten weeks later.19.What was the young mans job later? A.A cook. B.A farmer. C.A worker.20.What do you think of the old woman? A.Kind. B.Bad. C.Sick.第二部分 笔答题（共80分）五、单项选择（20分）。21.-Will you watch the World Cup match this year? -No,but I _ several World Cup matches since I was a small kid. A.had seen B.saw C.was seeing D.have seen22.I study by _ with a group. A.work B.working C.to work D.to working23.-Have you cleaned your room? -_. A.Yes,I do. B.No,I dont. C.Not yet. D.No,I didnt.24.I will eat rice,meat _ noodles. A.instead of B.stead of C.instead for D.instead by25.Tong is one of my favorite basketball _.He is _ our school basketball team. A.player;on B.player;in C.players;on D.players;in26.The man in the white coat isnt a doctor,_ his wife. A.so is B.is so C.neither if D.is neither27.Tom _ to take the exam later because he was ill. A.allows B.allowed C.is allowed D.was allowed28.Could you tell me _ in 2008. A.where does she live B.where she lives C.where did she live D.where she lived29.-Do you still remember _ me somewhere in Shanghai? -Yes,of course.Two years ago. A.to see B.see C.seeing D.saw30.This is the most beautiful card _ I have ever got. A.which B.that C.it D.what31.Do you know Mr Brown _ daughter is a famous singer? A.that her B.whose C.who D.whom32.-Would you like a cup of tea? -_. A.No,thanks. B.I think so. C.Thats all right. D.Yes,OK.33.I _ some cloths to charity because they were too small for me.A.hung out B.took out C.put off D.gave away34.-How many students are there in your school? - _ the students in our school _- over two thousand. A.The number of;is B.The number of;are C.A number of;is D.A number of;are35.I cant find today newspaper.Maybe someone _ it away. A.takes B.will take C.has taken D.is taking36.-Its nine oclock now.I must go. -Its raining outside.Dont leave _ it stops. A.when B.after C.while D.until37.We all went to the park _ John because he was ill in bed. A.with B.besides C.except D.beside38.This is Peterbook.Please _. A.give it to him. B.give it him C.give him to it D.give39.This street isnt _.There are many buses and cars. A.quite B.busy C.quiet D.long40.Most students in America enjoy _ pop music. A.listening to B.to listen to C.to hear D.hearing六、阅读理解。（每小题1分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，做出正误判断或选出最佳答案。A篇为判断正误，正确的选“A”，错误的选“B”，B篇为选择题，C篇为任务型阅读。A An apple a day keeps a doctor away.Have you ever heard anyone say this?Do you think if people eat one or two apples a day they wont get sick? Last year some scientists wanted to find out if this old saying is true.They divided a college class into two groups.The first group ate 2 apples a day.The second group didnt eat apples.After six months they added up the times the young people got sick.The apple eaters turned out to be healthier than those who hadnt eaten apples.It seemed to show that an apple a day does keep people healthy. 根据短文内容，判断正（A）误（B）。 41.An apple a day can make you strong enough to drive a strong doctor away. 42.If people eat an apple a day without eating other food they wont get sick at all. 43.Scientists found out that the old saying is true. 44.The second group was not as healthy as the first group. 45.Nowadays the old saying doesnt work any more.B John lives in a small town.He has a bookshop.Hes busy to sell books all the time and his wife does all housework. One day,Mike,his little son,had a cold.His wife sent him to the hospital.The doctor looked over the boy and told him to be in hospital.His wife had to look after him there.He was worried about his son,but had no time to go to see him.That night he went to bed very late but he couldnt fall asleep.About an hour later,the telephone rang.He got up at once and answered the phone,“Hello,whos that?”“Cant you hear whos speaking here,John?”A woman laughed and said. “Oh,mum.Whats the matter with you?”said John.“Nothing,dear,”said the woman.“Its your birthday today.”“Do you call me in the middle of night only to tell me about it?”John asked in surprise. “Yes,my dear,”said the old woman.“You got me up thirty years ago and I want to get you up at this time today!”46.John is a _. A.worker B.farmer C.shopkeeper D.food-seller47.Johns wife sent the boy to the hispital because _. A.he didnt know where it was B.he didnt like his son C.John was very busy D.his shop was far from there48.That night John couldnt fall asleep because _. A.he was worried about his son B.he wasnt tired at all C.his bookshop troubled him D.it was very noisy in the house49.John hurried to answer the telephone because _. A.he thought there was something wrong in his shop B.he thought his son was feeling worse C.he was afraid the telephone woke others up D.he wanted to go to bed again50.How old is John? A.He is 30. B.He is 40. C.He is 50. D.He is 60.C Ive got some information for everyone going to Britain next month. As you know, youll be staying with a family for two weeks. Now the most important thing is money. You should take about 30 in cash(现金) and about 200 in travelers checks(支票). Then when you arrive at the airport youll be met by our host(主人) family. You must remember to wear a red shirt so the family will find you easily. Ive told them to look out for the red shirts. Youll also need to take with you 4 photos of yourself and, of course, its very important that you take the school letter. While you are there, if you have any problems, you can call our agent(代理人). Ill give you her office phone number now: Its 580-4436 and the person to ask for is Mrs. Belcher, thats B-E-L-C-H-E-R. Shes in the office from 9-5 every day. OK! Thats everything. Have a good trip.根据短文内容填写下表，每空词数不限：GOING TO BRITAIN51.Money-cash:30-traveler cheques:_52.Wear:_53.Take:_54.Office phone number:_55.Ask for:_七、综合填空（20分）A.用方框内所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。1.I cant stop sleeping in class because I _ to late last night.2.If he doesnt go,I wont _.3.I think young people should _ their own lifestyle.4.You must _ talking like that.5.We _ being Chinese.6.Whats your answer _ this question?7.As a student,you cant get to class _.8.Parents should _ their children to have some spare time.9.He said he would feel more _ if he chose his own clothes.10.Hurry up,or you _ late for the meeting.B.短文填空，选择适当的单词填空，每词限用一次。happy;later;many;too;ask;leaf;different;doing;gifts;themselves Everyone likes gifts.Some little kids think they dont get enough gifts.Some old people think they get too (11)_ gifts.Different people like different kinds of (12)_.Some presents are never (13)_ small.A little child may give his mother a (14) _ from a tree.It is enough to make her very (15)_. Gift giving is different in (16) _ countries.In Japan,people sometimes give special gifts.But they dont open them.(17)_,they could give the same gift to someone else.Many people have enough things and dont want too many gifts (18)_.In the USA,some people (19)_ their families and friends not to buy them gifts but give money to charity.In Swenden,(20)_ something for someone is the best gift.八、根据所给的汉语，完成英语句子。每空只填一个单词。（10分）1.为什么不考虑下个假期去巴黎呢？_ _ _ _ Paris for your next vacation?2.蒂娜过去又矮又胖。Tina _ _ _ not only short _ _ fat.3.我们不能推迟制定这个计划。We cant _ _ _ this plan.4.这个音乐使我想起巴西的舞蹈音乐。 The music _ _ of Brazilian dance music.5.作品正在展出。The work was _ _.6.他们供给我们食物。They _ us _ food.7.打扫你的房间你需要花很多时间。It will take you a lot of time to _ _ your room.九、书面表达（15分）假如某英语俱乐部为晚会举行主持人海选活动，要求参赛选手先填写表格，再递交英文自我介绍。下面是Jim填写的表格。请你根据表格内容帮他写一份70词左右的自我介绍。姓名Jim Green班级八年级五班年龄15性格外向、有创造力擅长说英语（已学5年）唱英文歌曲（已唱4年）跳舞（已跳6年）经验曾经两次主持学校晚会清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果初一英语下各类作文范文1.Dear friend, My name is Sally.I am from China.I want a pen pal in Australia.I am 14 years old.I have no brothers or sisters in my family.My favorite subject in school is science, because I think its very interesting.I like playing the piano and playing basketball on weekends.How about you? Can you write and tell me about yourself? Yours, Sally2.My favorite animal is a cat.I have a cat in my family.Her name is Mimi, I think she is from China.She is two years old now.She likes to eat fish every day.She is kind of lazy, but she is very cute.I like playing with it after school.3.Last summer I went to the beach.My vacation was pretty good.I went there by bus and my bus trip was relaxing.The beach was very beautiful.It was sunny, cool and humid.the people were friendly and the food was delicious.I enjoyed my vacation very much and I hope to go there again.4.描写方位的短文My home is on Center Street.On Center Street, there is a restaurant, a post office and a library.The post office is between the library and the restaurant.Across from the post office is a pay phone.A bank is next to the pay phone.The supermarket is on Fifth Avenue.A hotel is in front of the supermarket.5.It is Sunday.The Turners are staying at home.They are doing different kinds of things.Mr Turner is washing his car.Mrs Turener is sitting at the table.She is drink