动词时态语态复习.doc

动词时态及语态专项练习题一、一般现在时基本用法：(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作；He always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。(2)表示现在的情况或状态；He is a teacher. 他是个老师。 (3)表示客观事实和普遍真理。The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。构成形式：am/is/are或实义动词的原形(主语是第三人称单数时，动词要用第三人称单数形式)。与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：always，often，usually，sometimes，once a week，every day等。动词第三人称单数形式的构成：一般动词在词尾直接加s，如lives，works等。以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的，加es，如goes，does, washes, passes等。以辅音字母y结尾的，把y变为i，再加es，如flyflies，studystudies，worryworries；以元音字母y结尾的，直接加s，如enjoyenjoys，playplays。特殊情况：havehas，am/areisMidAutumn Day usually comes in September or October every year.中秋节通常都在每年的九月或十月。如果主句为一般将来时，if，unless等引导的条件状语从句和when，until，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。What about going climbing if it doesnt rain tomorrow?如果明天不下雨，去爬山怎么样？巩固练习：We often_(play) in the playgound. He _(get) up at six oclock._you_(brush) your teeth every morning.What _ (do) he usually _ (do) after school? Danny _ (study) English, Chinese, Math, Science and Art an school. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.At eight at night every day, she _(watch) TV with his parents._ Mike_(read) English every day?How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday? What time_his mother_(do) the housework?He often _(have) dinner at homeDaniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.We _(not watch) TV on Monday. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. _ they _(like) the World Cup?What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?_ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.二、一般过去时(1)概念：表示过去发生的动作，存在的状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。(2)构成形式：肯定式：be(was，were)；行为动词(过去式)否定式：was/werenot；行为动词didnt动词原形疑问式：was/were主语其他；行为动词did主语动词原形(3)动词过去式的变化：动词过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况，不规则变化应特别记忆。规则变化有如下形式：一般在动词后直接加ed，如climbed，worked，asked等。以e结尾的动词在后面直接加d，如lived，described，agreed等。(4)与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：ago，yesterday，last week，the day before yesterday, long long ago, once upon a time等。(5)一般过去时的用法：表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。I bought the book last week.我上周买的这本书。表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常与always，usually，often, never，sometimes等连用(过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth.来表示)。 since从句常用一般过去时。It is ten years since I came here.自从我来这儿已经有十年了。巩固练习：1.Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month.2.Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. So I _ (get ) up late.3.Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning.4.There _ (be) no one here a moment ago.5.I _ (call) Mike this morning.6.I listened but _ (hear) nothing.7.Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.8.Last week we _ (pick) many apples on the farm. 9.My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.10.She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night.11._ your father _ ( go ) to work every day last year?12. What time _ you _ (get) to Beijing yesterday?We _ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.13.What _ (make) him cry (哭) just now?14.Last year the teacher _ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.15.There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be) 16.There _ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)17.There _ any hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not)18.There _ enough milk at home last week, wasnt there?19.Eli _ to Japan last week. ( move)20. When _ you _ (come) to China? - Last year. 21. Did she _ (have) supper at home? 22. Jack _ (not clean) the room just now. 23._ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?24.How many people _ (be) there in your class last term?25.It _ (be) hot yesterday and most children _ (be) outside26. There _ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it. 27. He ate some bread and _ (drink) some milk.28. _ he _ (finish) his homework last night?29. I_(be) tired yesterday. 30. I _(gain ) Arts degree last year.31. What _ you _ (do) last night?32. My grandfather _ (leave) Hong Kong for New York in 1998.33. What _ he _ (do) yesterday?34. Last week I _ (buy) a new bike.35. He _ (be) here just now.36. He _ (not find ) his key last night.37. My father _ (drink) a lot of wine yesterday.38. _ you _ (finish) your homework yesterday?39. I _ (eat) some eggs and bread this morning.40. Her mother _ (not give) the girl any present.三、一般将来时(1)概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及打算、计划或准备要做的事。(2)构成形式：“will/shall动词原形”或“am/is/are going to动词原形”。(3)与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：tomorrow，next week，in一段时间等。(4)当主语是第一人称I或we时，问句中一般用shall，表示征求对方的意见。When shall we finish homework? 我们应该什么时候完成作业？(5)be going tov.(动词原形)表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的，很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。Look at the clouds，there is going to be a storm.看那些云，将会有暴风雨。(6)下列几种情况只可用shall(will)表将来，而不可用be going to结构。表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。Will you please lend me your pen?请把你的钢笔借我用一下，好吗？表示意愿时。We will help him if he asks us. 如果他愿意，我们会帮助他。表单纯性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。The sun will set at 7：30 this afternoon. 太阳会在下午7：30落下。(7)当主句为一般将来时态时，在if，as soon as，until, when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。I will call you as soon as I get there.我一到那儿就给你打电话。(8)位移词的进行时表将来。(9)there be结构的一般将来时为there will be/there is going to be。(10)will/shall, be about to do 与 be going to 的区别。一般将来时的基本结构为“will/shall动词原形”，表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。be going to 结构表示必然或很可能发生的事情；be to do结构表示按职责、义务和要求必须去做或即将发生的动作。巩固练习：一改句子。1.Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.2.Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.3.Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?4.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.5.She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?6.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.二用所给词的适当形式填空。7.Today is a sunny day. We_ (have) a picnic this afternoon.8.My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.9. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.10.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?11.Its Friday today. What_she_ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.12.What _ (do) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (water) flowers.13.Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.14.David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.15. I _ (plan) for my study now.三 单项选择。( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going toB. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; isB. is; is C. will be; will beD. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be四、现在进行时(1)概念：表示现在或现阶段正在发生或持续的动作。(2)构成形式：am/is/are动词的ing 形式。变化规则1.直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting) 3.重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ing(例：sit+ t+ing sitting) 4.特殊变化：die-dying, lie-lying，tie-tying 时间状语可用来表示现在进行时的时间状语，常用的有：now, this week, at this moment 等；或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用look, listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。例如： They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 Listen! She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。 Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 Its 6:30 now. I am getting up. 现在是6：30.我正在起床巩固练习：1、 写出下列动词的现在分词：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_ski_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .一般疑问句：_ 否定句： _2The students are cleaning the classroom . 一般疑问句：_ 否定句： _3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)_五、过去进行时(1)概念：表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。(2)构成形式：was/were动词的ing形式。注意区别：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间“发生了的动作”或“存在的状态”，而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时刻或某一段时间“正在进行的动作”。Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.玛丽昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。(表明信写完了)Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.玛丽昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。(只表明“一直在写”，不清楚“是否写完”，也许信还没有写完)(3)常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有两类：一类是表过去的“某点”时间，如at that time，this time，last week，“when he came in”类时间状语从句等；另一类是表过去的“某段”时间，如yesterday morning等。What were you doing at nine oclock last Sunday morning?上周日上午九点钟你在干什么？巩固练习：While John was walking to school，he saw a cat in a tree.当约翰步行上学时，他看见一只猫在一棵树上。1. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.2. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter _(do) the same thing.3. What _ you _ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV.4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _ (listen) to the radio.5. They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him.6. _ they _ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon?No, they _. They _ (clean) the classroom.7. _ it _(rain) when you left school? Yes, it _. (No, it _)8. What _ your father _ (do) when he was your age?9. He asked me if I _ (go) fishing that afternoon.10. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _ (leave) in five minutes.11. In a letter, john told us that he _ (come) to china next month.六、现在完成时(1)概念：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。(2)构成形式：have/has动词的过去分词。(3)与现在完成时连用的时间状语有for a long time，recently，yet，lately，ever，never，already，since，by this time，before，just，in the past/last few years，since过去的时间点，since时间段ago，since从句(一般过去时)。(4)现在完成时与表示一段时间的for短语、since短语或从句等连用时，应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性的，而不能是非延续性动词，如comebe here，gobe there，diebe dead，borrowkeep，buyhave，joinbe in，leavebe away，begin to studystudy等。(5)have been to，have gone to，have been in 的用法区别：have been to 表示“过去曾去过某地”，说话时已从该地回来或已从该地去了其他地方，总之，现在已不在该地；have gone to则表示“已去了某地”，说话时不在说话地点，或在去某地的途中，或已到了某地，总之现在还未回来；have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”，后面跟副词时不用in。Where is Mrs Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪儿？She isnt here. She has gone to England. 她不在这儿。她去了英国。(6)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调过去某一动作与现在的关系，对现在造成的影响、结果等，不与表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示与现在的关系，可与表示过去的时间状语连用。巩固练习：一、用动词的适当形式填空。1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _ just _ (have) some orange.8. We _already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice. 12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.二、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei ? B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.同义句转换。1.My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.2.They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.3.I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.4.He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.5.The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.6.My father has lived here since 2000. （画线提问）_ _ _ your father _ _?7. Jack has already finished his homework . （变否定句） Jack has _ _ his homework _ .七、过去完成时1.过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。-|- |-|-那时以前 那时 现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 2.过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如： Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （ 3 ）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3. 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.3.过去完成时的主要用法 1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”） 2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) 3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 4、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 Im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”） 5、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应