天津高考英语专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破五推理判断_观点态度题优选习题.docx

五、推理判断观点态度题(2018浙江，C)As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back，as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst，but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。其主题是“人与社会”，介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便利的同时，也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。素材的选择旨在向考生传递一种科学的世界观：看待事物一定要一分为二，分析利弊，趋利避害，利用事物好的方面为人类服务。28.Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2?A.To explain Americans love for travelling by car.B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.even the hamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选B项。29.What has the use of cars in America led to?A.Decline of economy.B.Environmental problems.C.A shortage of oil supply.D.A farm-based society.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项。30.What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.答案C解析观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。一、题型解读所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：1.Whats the writers attitude towards.?2.What is the authors opinion on.?3.What does the author think about.?二、解题技巧“忠于措辞”定选项1.文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。2.要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。例如：【真题感悟】中第30题，根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。A(2018和平区一模)One hundred grandmothers were asked how good manners had changed since they were children，what they expected of their own children when they were growing up and how their grandchildren behave today.Although the grannies were united in the belief that good manners cost nothing，they unwillingly came to the conclusion that all the old little courtesies(礼节) are gradually being erased.Some children are not taught simple good manners by their parents，in the belief that they should be free to express themselves.Manners at mealtimes revealed the greatest inter-generational difference.While 92 percent of grandparents and 87 percent of their children sat down at the table with all the family to eat at least once a day，nowadays this applies to just 54 percent of children.Traditional family mealtimes have been on a slippery slope for many years and this survey reveals an apparent corresponding decline in table manners.One grandmother said：“My grandchildren have bad table manners as they havent been taught by their parents.” Only 49 percent of children today have to ask to get down from the table compared with 89 percent of their grandparents and 80 percent of their parents.Keeping your elbows off the table is almost totally unnecessary，with just 19 percent of grandchildren still expected to stick to the old rule.However，some parents are still keeping family mealtimes alive，with even the smallest children joining them at the table in their highchairs whether it is their mealtime or not.Although some little courtesies may no longer be encouraged today，good old fashioned “please” and “thank you” seem to have weathered the storm.Nevertheless，there has been a big downturn in writing thank-you letters，from 86 percent of grandparents to just 35 percent of grandchildren putting pen to paper today.A final word from one wise grandmother：“If there werent rules there would be nothing for kids to break，no risk to take，no scars to show for mistakes.Rules let you fly.”1.Which of the following would some modern parents most probably agree with?A.Good manners are very important.B.Kids should show who they truly are.C.It is easy for kids to learn good manners.D.Kids should learn from their grandparents.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Some children are not taught simple good manners by their parents，in the belief that they should be free to express themselves.”可知，当下一些父母很可能认同孩子们应该展示他们真实的一面。2.According to the survey,81 percent of kids .A.put their elbows on the table B.usually eat in their highchairsC.have meals with all the familyD.ask permission to leave the table答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“Keeping your elbows off the table is almost totally unnecessary，with just 19 percent of grandchildren still expected to stick to the old rule.”可知，根据调查，只有19%的孩子仍希望遵守旧规则，而剩下81%的孩子把胳膊肘放在桌子上。3.What might many kids be encouraged to do?A.Apologize sincerely face to face.B.Show appreciation by writing letters.C.Talk about the weather with strangers.D.Express thankfulness in spoken words.答案D解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Nevertheless，there has been a big downturn in writing thank-you letters，from 86 percent of grandparents to just 35 percent of grandchildren putting pen to paper today.”可知，被要求写感谢信的比例有所下降。故可以推测出，孩子被鼓励口头表达谢意。4.What is the authors attitude towards sticking to traditional courtesies?A.He is uncertain about it.B.He is mildly critical.C.He approves of it.D.He is strongly against it.答案C解析观点态度题。阅读全文，根据文章最后一段“A final word from one wise grandmother：If there werent rules there would be nothing for kids to break，no risk to take，no scars to show for mistakes.Rules let you fly.”可以看出，作者对于坚持传统的礼节是支持的。5.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.How to Express Yourself?B.Change the Unnecessary RulesC.Are Good Manners a Thing of the Past?D.Grandmothers Caring for Grandkids答案C解析标题归纳题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，有一百位祖母被问到，从她们小时候至今，礼貌有多大改变，她们对自己的孩子成长中的期望以及她们的子孙们今天的行为如何。本文以此展开，主要讲述了礼节不只是过去的事情。BCharity Cycling UK recently launched a campaign to raise awareness of dooring after discovering that many people dont know what it is.Dooring is when a driver or passenger opens the door into another road usertypically a cyclistwithout looking for other road users.Cycling UK Chief Executive Paul Tuohy told Gloucestershire Live：“Some people seem to see car dooring as a bit of a joke，but its not and can have serious consequences.Cycling UK wants to see great awareness made about the dangers of opening your car door negligently，and people to be encouraged to look before they open.”The charity says 2,009 of the 3,000 injuries were sustained by cyclists，resulting in five fatalities but says this might not be the full extent of the danger.Cycling UK says not all car dooring incidents will be attended by police，so the charity has written to transport minister Jesse Norman calling for a public awareness campaign urging all car occupants，not just drivers，to look before opening vehicle doors.One of the ways the charity suggests is the “Dutch reach”，where people leaving a vehicle reach over and use the non-door side hand to open the door.Cycling UK also suggests harsher laws and advice on safer road positioning for people who cycle.Mr Tuohy said：“In the Netherlands they are known for practising a method，known sometimes as the Dutch reach，which we think could be successfully encouraged in the UK.”“Cycling UK has written to the Department for Transport asking them to look into this，and highlight the dangers of car dooring through a public awareness THINK style campaign.”If youre really concerned about opening a door into the path of a cyclist coming behind you，consider using whats known as the Dutch reach to open the door.That will naturally turn you in your seat and give you a much better view of whats coming up alongside the car.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了car dooring(因开车门造成的撞人事故)的危害以及解决问题的可行方法。6.What is the text mainly about?A.Car dooring.B.Traffic awareness.C.The “Dutch reach”.D.The charitys campaign.答案A解析主旨大意题。通读文章可知，全文围绕话题car dooring展开，介绍了car dooring的危害以及解决问题的方法。所以A正确。7.Why does the author mention the figures in Paragraph 3?A.To cause public concern.B.To report the terrible accidents.C.To show the dangers of car dooring.D.To stress the importance of traffic safety.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“Cycling UK wants to see great awareness made about the dangers of opening your car door negligently.”可知，car dooring有危险，第三段进一步用数据说明该问题的严重性。所以C项正确。8.While doing the “Dutch reach”，you should .A.sit still in your seatB.open the car door politelyC.use the inside hand to open the doorD.use the left hand to open the car door答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“where people leaving a vehicle reach over and use the non-door side hand to open the door”可知，应该用不靠近车门的手开门。故选C。9.What can be learned from the text?A.Many people are ignorant of car dooring.B.The “Dutch reach” is well received in England.C.Dooring incidents are all attended by police.D.Drivers are to blame for dooring incidents.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Charity Cycling UK recently launched a campaign to raise awareness of dooring after discovering that many people dont know what it is.”以及文中多次出现的“public awareness”可知，很多人对car dooring这个问题重视不够。10.Whats the authors attitude towards car dooring?A.Enthusiastic. B.Ridiculous.C.Neutral. D.Concerned.答案D解析观点态度题。car dooring导致诸多事故，而人们对此又了解不多，作者在字里行间表达了对这一现象的担心。故选D。题型组合练(八).单项填空1. entirely with the flagship smartphone and directed by Peter Chan(陈可辛)，the 7-minute video follows a train attendant on a six-day train journey from Nanning to Harbin.A.Shot B.PicturedC.Screened D.Videoed答案A解析句意为：完全使用智能手机拍摄，陈可辛执导的这部七分钟的短片追踪了一名从南宁到哈尔滨的火车上的一位列车员，该趟列车行程六天。shoot拍摄；picture画，想象；screen放映；video录制。根据句意，故选A。2.When you walk into any department store in Wuxi，chances are that you will see signs with a single digit number and the Chinese character “zhe” prominently displayed next to products that are on .A.discount B.bargainC.sale D.reduction答案C解析句意为：当你走进无锡的任何一家百货公司时，在正促销的商品旁边你都会看到贴着醒目的促销牌子，上边会有数字和一个中国汉字“折”。discount打折；bargain交易，便宜货；sale销售；reduction减少。on sale廉价出售。根据句意，故选C。3.What is the psychology behind your mindless scribbles(涂鸦)？If your flower，for example，has a large circular center， expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life.A.which B.asC.this D.such答案C解析句意为：信手涂鸦背后反映了什么心理？例如，如果你画的花朵有一个大大的圆心，这表明你充满自信，社交生活愉快。if引导条件状语从句，因此“ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life”是主句，无须连词，which和as是连词，故A、B不正确；this指代上文提到的事情；such表示“诸如此类的人或事”。根据语境，故选C。4.Once the massive rocket by SpaceX sprinted off(腾空而起) at about 345 p.m.，everything seemed to as planned，from the activation of David Bowies (大卫鲍威) music as soundtrack to the pinpoint return of two reusable booster rockets.A.take off B.go offC.set off D.pull off答案B解析句意为：(美国)太空技术探索公司(SpaceX)的巨大火箭在下午345时腾空而起，从作为配乐的大卫鲍威的音乐的激活到两个可重复使用的助推火箭的精确返回，一切似乎都在按计划进行。take off起飞；go off进行；set off引爆；pull off脱去。根据语境，故选B。5.Players of the Japanese game “Travel Frog” take care of the frogs and often come to feel a pet owner，expressing pride in being the “mother” of diligent and disciplined children or worrying about the growth of their children.A.little more than B.more thanC.no more than D.not more than答案B解析句意为：日本的一款游戏“旅行青蛙”的玩家照顾青蛙，经常感觉自己不仅仅是一个宠物主人，也是勤奋的、有纪律的孩子的母亲，或者是担心孩子成长的母亲，并为此感到自豪。little more than仅仅是；more than不仅仅；no more than仅仅，只是；not more than不超过。根据语境，故选B。6.Introverts(性格内向的人)，according to Susan Cain，tend to enjoy being alone，doing quieter things or being with just one friend at a time.She says that is they get their energy.A.why B.when C.how D.where答案C解析句意为：性格内向的人，根据苏珊凯恩所说，常常喜欢自己待着、安静做事或者一次只和一个朋友在一起。她说这是内向性格的人获得能量的方式。why为什么；when的时候；how如何，引导表语从句，表示方式；where的地方。根据语境，故选C。7.Today we focus on is called recurrent obesity(复发性肥胖) or yo-yo obesity(溜溜球式肥胖)， is the phenomenon we gain weight and then go on a successful diet，but within 12 months we go back to our original weight.A.what；which；in whichB.which；which；whereC.all；that；thatD.whatever；as；which答案A解析句意为：今天，我们集中在被称为“复发性肥胖”或“溜溜球式肥胖”上。这是一种现象，一个人在体重增加后通过节食成功减重，但是在12个月以内又恢复到原有的体重。“ is called recurrent obesity(复发性肥胖) or yo-yo obesity(溜溜球式肥胖)”是宾语从句，从句中缺乏主语，what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语，故第一空填what；第二空which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句内容，并在从句中作主语；“ we gain weight and then go on a successful diet”是定语从句，先行词是the phenomenon，在从句中作抽象地点状语，引导词用关系副词where或者in which。故选A。8.The 19th Party Congress was a milestone in that it not just for five or ten years which party congresses traditionally do，but potentially for more than thirty years to mid-century.A.set the agenda B.set alarm bellsC.set the trend D.set the limit答案A解析句意为：中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会是一个里程碑，因为它不仅做了大会传统上做的，为未来五年或十年设下了议程，而且潜在地为以后三十多年，直到本世纪中叶做了规划。set the agenda制定议程；set alarm bells设置警钟；set the trend(在式样、风尚上)带个头；set the limit设置限制。根据语境，故选A。9.Had the government offered the help，we a loss.A.ought not to have sufferedB.couldnt have sufferedC.shouldnt sufferD.couldnt suffer答案B解析句意为：如果政府给我们提供帮助，我们就不可能遭受损失。本句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故选B。10.The Spring Festival is the time of year that the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the worlds population home.A.will see；travelsB.saw；was travellingC.will be seeing；will be travellingD.sees；travel答案D解析句意为：每年的春节是这个星球上最大的年度大规模迁徙的时候，在那个时候，全球人口的六分之一旅行回家。see“见证”作定语从句中的谓语，that指代先行词the time of year，先行词是第三人称单数，与谓语动词see是主动关系，句子讲述客观事实用一般现在时，故第一空填sees；分数或者百分数修饰名词作主语，谓语动词与所修饰的名词保持人称和数的一致，根据语境可知，population此处表示“人们”是复数，文章描述客观存在的事实用一般现在时，故第二空填travel。故选D。.阅读理解AThe University of Birminghams Study Abroad ProgrammeA year abroad is undoubtedly one of the best opportunities that is available to you during your undergraduate career.It is a privilege and an experience to be proud of and remember throughout your university and professional life.Entry requirementsTo attend the Study Abroad Programme，you must meet the following requirements：Native speaker of English or English Language qualification equivalent to IELTS 6.5 (7.0 for Law)；Completed at least one year of university study；Achieved a grade point average of at least 3.0；Have a particular interest or background in the subject of choice.A letter of reference from your professor is recommended，if applicable.Fees for 2017/18International Study Abroad Programme：Sept.2017Jun.2018：12,000Sept.2017Dec.2017：6,750Jan.2018Jun.2018：6,750EU Study Abroad Programme：Sept.2017Jun.2018：9,000Sept.2017Dec.2017：4,500Jan.2018Jun.2018：4,500How to applyOur online application is now available.When applying，you will need to upload the following documentation：A copy of an official transcript(成绩单) showing the courses taken and grades；A copy of your passport/ID photo page；Evidence of English language ability(if applicable).If you have any questions about the application，please email the Study Abroad Team.The Study Abroad Programme with EnglishIf you do not meet the English language requirements for entry to the Study Abroad Programme，it is possible to attend a pre-sessional(预备课程) English course first.These courses are run by our English for International Students Unit(EISU) and you can find out the details，costs and application process for those courses online.The pre-sessional English course is for international students who have an offer to study at the Programme but who do not currently meet the English language requirements.The course is designed to suit your level of English and allows you to meet the English language requirement for your programme without retaking IELTS.Please note that unfortunately we cannot offer fee discounts for students who leave the programme in the middle of a University of Birmingham teaching term.11.If John Smith，an American soph