广东语法填空考纲解读和试题分析.doc

语法填空考纲解读和试题分析一、语法填空究竟考什么？仔细研读2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东(一模)卷）英语考试大纲的说明中的样题，从试题说明部分，您会有什么发现？不难看出：1、该题型主要考两方面的内容：一是语法，二是上下文的连贯性，而且语法是重点。它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况。2、命题特点：语法填空是2007年高考广东卷的新题型，该题共10小题，每小题15分，满分15分，应该在10分钟之内完成。它以语篇为载体，考查学生的语法和词汇知识。文章长约150词(样题152词)，平均设空密度约为15词一空，基本不影响对语境的把握，要求根据上下文意思填入恰当的具一定语法功能的词。与传统的完形填空题不同，传统的完形填空题侧重考查语篇能力，而语法填空侧重考查的是语境加语法，而语法又占据了关键性的地位。词汇的考查涉及动词、代词、名词、连词、冠词、介词、形容词等。语法项目则包括非谓语动词、定语从句、时间状语从句、并列句、形容词、副词的比较级、系表结构等。每个空格应该以语法为单位，不一定只填一词(特别是谓语动词 或非谓语动词形式)，除谓语或非谓语动词及派生词给出提示词外，其他空均不设选择项、不给提示词。二、语法填空究竟考什么哪些语法项目？（了解语法框架，做到心中有数）2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语考试大纲的说明、普通高中英语课程标准(实验)中明确了高中阶段的语法学习应该从语言运用的角度出发，把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来，在语境中了解和掌握语法的表意功能。根据“课标”及考试大纲的要求，考生应掌握24个语法项目，包括：1、名词 (可数名词及其单复数；不可数名词；专有名词；名词所有格)；2、代词(人称代词；物主代词；反身代词；指示代词；不定代词；疑问代词)；3、数词(基数词；序数词)；4、介词和介词短语；5、连词；6、形容词(比较级和最高级)；7、副词(比较级和最高级)；8、冠词(定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词)；9、动词(动词的基本形式；系动词；及物动词和不及物动词；助动词；情态动词)；10、时态(一般现在时；一般过去时；一般将来时；现在进行时；过去进行时；过去将来时；将来进行时；现在完成时；过去完成时；现在完成进行时)；11、被动语态；12、非谓语动词(动词不定式；动词的-ing形式；动词的-ed形式)；13、构词法(合成法；派生法；转化法；缩写和简写)；14、句子种类(陈述句；疑问句；祈使句；感叹句)；15、句子成分(主语；谓语；表语；宾语；定语；状语；补语)；16、简单句的基本句型；（五种句型）17、主谓一致；18、并列复合句；19、主从复合句(宾语从句；状语从句；定语从句；主语从句；表语从句)；20、间接引语；21、省略；22、倒装；23、强调；24、虚拟语气。要特别关注重点的语法项目：现在完成进行时、将来进行时、强调、虚拟语气、动词（时态、语态、非谓语形式）、词类转换、连词、冠词、副词、从句等。点数量年份动词词类转换比最较高级级代词介词连词冠词时态语态非谓语形变副名变形动变名名从定从状从并连200710110002211001200810101012210010200911100102201001201010110012101101201110110012101101201210200011111101三、语法填空解题微技巧 考生在做语法填空题时，可以用一种“由大到小”的思路去思考答案。也就是说，可以从“篇章、句子、词汇”三个层面去考虑。1、通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。 2、巧用已知，连线画图、降低难度、铺平道路。3、理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破。4、重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。 做完题后，应该静下心来，仔细复读全文，关注自己所填的词语是否符合原意，从语意贯通、逻辑合理的角度，认真复查答案的合理性和正确性，尤其注意动词、连词介词的搭配以及名词的形式等。5、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。四、专题训练的基本步骤：循序渐进、单句专题训练：（精选改编高考题：主谓一致；连词）、句群专题训练、篇章专题训练近几年语法填空真题解读2013年阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或者括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1625的相应位置上。One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen .Suddenly, he 16 (find)that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, ”Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much 17 too little.”His son looked surprised.”I can understand why I shouldnt pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less, 18 not save a bit of money?”“That would be a very 19 (reason)thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like outs,” Nick said.Nicks guests, 20 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could. Nick replied,” The only reason a man would sell sale 21 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 22 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing couldnt 23 (possible) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only 24 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little ,always 25 (think) that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today.”2012年阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用口号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1625的相应位置上。Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _16_ (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he _17_ (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt _18_ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in _19_ last row. _20_ he thought he cloud escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little _21_ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, _22_ made her feel like a star.“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. The new boy shook his head.” “Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when Im speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher _23_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _24_ the boy would do. Then he took _25_ off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool”.2011年One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me 17 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. He 19 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be 20 (mental) disabled.Behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk, but after some minutes 22 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyedI didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him 23 his own either.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had 24 amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.Im glad I made a choice. It made 25 of us feel good.综合测评I语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 1 in number. Human beings are born with this ability. 2 ，experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 3 .However, if you remove two, the bird 4 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 5 between two and three.Another interesting experiment showed a birds 6 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of a crow (乌鸦) that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 7 until the man left the tower. The man had an 8 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left and the other stayed, but they did not 9 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The experiment was 10 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were 11 .It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 12 able to fool the crow.How good is a humans number sense? Its not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a 13 group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are 14 fooled.It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our human 15 is not much better than a crows.1.A. riseB. pattern C. changeD. trend2.A. Importantly B. Surprisingly C. DisappointedlyD. Fortunately3. A. surviveB. careC. hatch D. notice4. A. generally B. sincerely C. casuallyD. deliberately5A. distance B. rangeC. difference D. interval6A. amazing B. annoyingC. satisfying D. disturbing7. A. relaxB. recover C. reactD. return8. A. appointmentB. excuse C. ideaD. explanation9.A. foolB. hurtC. catchD. kill10.A. reportedB. repeated C. designed D. approved11.A. confusedB. goneC. tiredD. drunk12.A. gradually B. luckily C. strangely D. finally13.A. singleB. small C. localD. new14. A. seldomB. temporarily C. merely D. often15. A. sightB. natureC. abilityD. belief 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AImagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein , in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes , Dr Epstein expained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid.”Maybe I could go as Superman ,”he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive costume(戏装)，finally she agreed.The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way. And Tom,with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation.The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only. we all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could, Just as Dr.Epstein puts it ,”If you can dream it, you can do it”It doesnt mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But, next time you are texted in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it .Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.26. What do we know about Tom?A.He was seriously ill B. He was a dishonest boy. C. He was crazy about magic D. He was Dr.Epsteins patient27. What can be inferred about Toms mother?A. She was a rich lady B. She refused Toms requestC. She wanted Tom to be a superhero D. She wanted to get Tom through the pain28. When Tom went for the third operation, he .A. pretended to be painful B. acted like a superheroC. appeared in poor spirits D. argued with his mother29. In the last paragraph, you are advised .A. to go through some difficult tests B. to wake up from your wild dreamsC. to become a powerful person in your mind D. to wear expensive clothes for job interviews30. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell us an interesting story. B. To help us make right decisions.C. To advise us to care about children. D. To encourage us to use our imagination.BSome people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. Im not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances dont come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and thats just the reality of how life is.However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing. To become great at certain things, itll require even more time, time that most people wont put in.This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you dont enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost. Its sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and theres a huge chance that youre wrong anyway.Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If youre not willing to put in the time and work, dont expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, hard work wont guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.31. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about _.A. the reasons for success B. the meaning of success C. the standards of success D. the importance of success32. In Paragraph 2, the underlined word that refers to _.A. being good at something B. setting a practical goal C. putting in more time D. succeeding in life33. Successful people suggest doing what one loves because _.A. work makes one feel pain B. one tends to enjoy his workC. one gives up his work easily D. it takes a lot of time to succeed34. What can we infer from Paragraph 4?A. Successful people like to show their great skills. B. People sometimes succeed without luck or talent.C. People need to achieve success at the cost of life. D. It helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.35. What is the main theme of the passage?A. Having a goal is vital to success. B. Being good is different from being great.C. One cannot succeed without time and practice. D. Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.COne day, when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. This boy has lost his family, he wrote. He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and Im very worried about him. Can you help?”I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesnt have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympatheticallyThe first two times we met, David didnt say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the childrens drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon一in complete silence and without looking at me. Its not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with, I thought. Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.Ifs your turn, he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one-without any words-can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.36. When he first met the author, David . A. felt a little excited B. walked energetically C. looked a little nervous D. showed up with his teacher37. As a psychologist, the author .A. was ready to listen to David B. was skeptical about psychologyC. was able to describe Davids problem D. was sure of handling Davids problem38David enjoyed being with the author because he_.A. wanted to ask the author for advice B. need to share sorrow with the author C. liked the childrens drawings in the office D. bear the author many times in the chess game39What can be inferred about David?AHe recovered after months of treatment. BHe liked biking before he lost his family.CHe went into university soon after starting to talk. DHe got friends in school before he met the author. 40What made David change?A. His teachers help. B. The authors friendship.C. His exchange of letters with the author. D. he authors silent communication with him.DWhile Jennifer was at house taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor（监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.Using a web camera equipped in Jennifers Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked remotely to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid that students havent just searched the Internet to get the right answers. Although online classes have existed for more than a decade ，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of open online courses. Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field . spending millions of dollars to attrac