大学英语自学教程(上册)笔记Unit4-2.doc

洛基英语/wenkxd.htm大学英语自学教程(上册) 笔记 Unit 4-2.Intensive reading: 1.physical research has focused on a number of basic principles that help memory. 译：心理学研究集中在一些有利于记忆的基本原则上。 本句包含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰basic principles. 短语：focus on sth; a number of = many 许多；basic principles: 基本原则 a.please focus your attention on your work. b.A number of students are studying English. c.The number of students studying English is increasing. 2. Its useful to know how these principles. 本句的主语为：to know how these principles；it为形式主语。通常由于动词不定式作主语、主语从句作主语、动名词作主语太长，使句子显得头重脚轻，因而借助于形式主语。 a.To have a good sleep before the exam is very necessary. Its necessary to have a good sleep before the exam. b.playing with fire is dangerous. Its dangerous playing with fire. c.That the earth is round is true. Its true that the earth is round. 3.Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember. 译：对你毫无意义的信息是很难记住的。 that does not make any sense to you是定语从句，修饰information.这句话还可改为： Its difficult to remember information that does not make any sense to you. 短语：make some/no sense:有/没有一定意义 a.What you said makes no sense. b.Does this paragraph of your composition make any sense? 4.Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.（*） 译：不用说，第二种词表要比第一种词表更容易记忆。 短语：needless to say不用说 5.Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately. 译：联想意思是把我们要记住的材料与我们已经准确记住的东西联系起来。 分析：主语Association; 谓语：refers to；宾语：taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately，动名词作宾语。包含定语从句：we want to remember，修饰the material； we remember accurately修饰something. 短语：refer to sth指; relate sth to / with sth把同联系起来。 6.Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition. 译：与通过反复法记忆生词的人只记住了30%到40%的相比，用想象法的人记住了80%到90%。 分析：using imagery现在分词作定语。 短语：compare with拿与对比 a.Compare your translation with the example on the blackboard. b.Compared with her house, mine is smaller. 7.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order?(3段2行) 译：如果一个图书馆的图书陈列得杂乱无章，那么这个图书馆会有什么用呢？ 这句话需注意：虚拟语气.inorder以顺序。 .Something about Word Formation: 部分构词法： 在英语中，词的构成法有四种：派生法、合成法、转化法、缩略法。 1合成法：由两个或更多的词合成一个词。如：black + board = blackboard 2转化法：由一种词类转化为另一种或其他词类。 如：average: n/ adj/ v, random: n / adj etc. 3缩略法：将原词缩略，在读音和写法上成为新的形式。 如：bicycle缩为bike; examination缩为exam; the United Nation缩为UN etc. 4派生法：在词根上加上前缀或后缀构成新词，这是四种方法中最为常见、较难掌握的一种。我将分几讲用表格的形式介绍给大家，请注意平常学习时的总结、记忆！ 主要的名词后缀： 后 缀 例 词 -er/or/ar buybuyer; teachteacher; visitvisitor; actactor; begbeggar etc. -ese ChinaChinese; JapanJapanese -ian AsiaAsian; musicmusician etc -ism MarxMarxism; socialsocialism etc -ist artartist; pianopianist; communismcommunist etc. -ment achieveachievement; agreeagreement; governgovernment etc -ness busybusiness; illillness; kindkindness etc. -ship friendfriendship; citizencitizenship etc -th deepdepth; truetruth; longlength etc. -tion, -sion decidedecision; inventinvention; organizeorganization etc. -ty safesafety; difficultdifficulty; activeactivity etc. -sure, -ture createcreature; pleasepleasure, mixmixture etc . Brief summary about the phrases: 1.focus on(1段1行)；2.a number of(1段1行); 3.basic principle(1段1行); 4.make sense(2段2行); 5.for instance(2段4行); 6.make a difference in sth(3段1行); 7.be kept in random order(3段2行); 8.for example(3段