英语系动词归类.doc

英语系动词归类 英语系动词除了be以外还有一些其它常用的系动词。如：seem, appear, prove, keep, fall, weigh, continue, stand, lie, rest, come, go, turn, get, run, become, grow, look, sound, feel, taste, smell等。英语中的系动词语义都不完整，必须加上一个表示身分、性质、特征或者状态的表语才能使句意完整。这类系动词表达的句式称之谓系表结构。常用名词、代词、动名词或不定式表明主语的身分或性质；用形容词、分词，副词或介词短语表明主语的特征或状态，有时还可以用从句来作表语。根据这些系动词的不同含义大致可分以下三类：一、表示静态的 如:be, remain, seem, appear, prove, keep, fall, continue, stand, lie, weigh, rest，stay 等。这类系动词常表示维持或保持某种状态。例如:1. He is a student.(名词)2.- Who is it? - Its me.(代词)3. My work is teaching English.(动名词)4. Her todays task is to look after the baby.(不定式)5. This is where the Salt Lake City now lies.(从句)以上1-5个例句中分别由名词、代词、不定式和从句作表语，跟主语有着同位关系，说明主语的身分或性质。6The book is very interesting.(分词)7. The idea is very good.(形容词)以上两个例句分别用现在分词和形容词作表语，说明主语的特征。8. Her mother remained weak.(形容词)9The girls face appeared surprised.(分词)10The instrument has proved most useful.(形容词)11The weather is keeping fine. (形容词)12Keep away from the fire, children.(副词短语)13He soon fell asleep. (形容词)14The winter continued damp and wet. (形容词)15The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly. (形容词)16He lies awake in bed. (形容词)17This box weighs heavy (light). (形容词)18He was a hardworking man and would never rest idle. (形容词)19He is at home.(介词短语)20. The matter is of great importance. (介词短语)21Our discussion proved of the greatest value to us. (介词短语)以上8-21例句均由形容词、分词、介词短语作表语，表明主语所处的某种状态。二、表示动态的 如：turn, get, go, come, grow, run, become等。这类系动词表示由变化而成为某种状态。例如：1. When she saw this, she turned red.（形容词）2. The milk has turned sour. （形容词）3. When it is heated, water can turn into vapour.（介词短语）4. It is getting dark, I have to go home. （形容词）5. Food soon goes bad in hot weather. （形容词）6. My wish has come true in the end. （形容词）7. The tree grew taller and taller. （形容词）8. The dog has run mad. （形容词）9. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. （形容词）10. He will become an English teacher.（名词）以上1-10例句中分别由形容词、介词短语和名词作表语,都表示由变化而成为某种状态。三、表示感官的 如：look, sound, feel, smell, taste等。这类系动词常由不同感觉器官对人或事物的某种感受。例如：1 She looked pale . （形容词）2 He looks a nice, reliable man.（名词）3 Wang Mei looks like her mother.（介词短语）4 These houses look very nice. （形容词）5 This idea sounds reasonable. （形容词）6 The music sounds like singing of birds. （介词短语）7 The water feels cold. （形容词）8 Xiao Li is feeling much better. （形容词）9 The dish smells delicious. （形容词）10.The air smelled of paint. （介词短语）11. The soup tastes sour. （形容词）12. The water here tastes of earth. （介词短语）13. The soup tastes like carrots. （介词短语）以上1-13各例分别由形容词、名词和介词短语作表语,表示人的不同感觉器官对人或事物即主语所感受的某种状态。系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明： 有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词 用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。