专题——常用介词基本用法.docVIP

年 级初二学 科英语版 本上海牛津版内容标题常用介词基本用法编稿老师马霄骁【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：常用介词基本用法二. 具体过程（一）常用介词基本用法1. at：主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点at the corner of the street，at dinner，at sixty miles an hour，be sold at three yuan a dozen，come at us固定搭配：at daybreak，at one time，at the beginning of，at the post office，at the airport，at dawn，at the weekend，at the age of 25，at the same time，at birth，at present，at any time，at a time，at times，at the speed of ，at a height of ，at the latest表示原因，表示“见/闻而”。 at the news2. in：表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向。be dressed, in rags, in English, be sold, in pairs主要用来表示较长的时间单位，如月份、季节、年份等in the 1990s, in the late 19th century形成“in+时段名词”的词组或固定搭配in those days，in the daytime，in a short while，in no time，in time介词in在短语或句型中的省略：1) 某些形容词/过去分词后接v.-ing形式时，v-ing形式前的介词in可以省略。be busy (in) doing, be engaged (in) doing （忙于）2) 某些动词如busy、occupy、employ等，常与反身代词连用，其后的in也可以省略。busy oneself (in) doing, occupy oneself (in) doing3) 某些动词如spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用，后面的介词也可以省略。spend time (in) doing, waste time (in) doing4) 在have no difficulty in doing sth.、have no trouble in doing sth.、have no business in doing sth.等句型中，介词也可以省略。5) 在句型There is no use (in)doing sth.中，介词也可省略。固定搭配：in the world，in (the)future，in the snow /rain / storm，in ink，in short，in public，in return，in turn，in danger，in this way，in that case，in search of，in place of，in the air，in case，in common，in the hope of，in other words，in praise of，in silence，in space，in ones opinion，in modern times，in surprise，in a queue，in the open air3. on：主要表示在上面、根据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天。固定搭配：on doing sth.，on the afternoon of October，on Tuesday evening，on foot，hit sb. on the head，on the right/ left，on fire，on duty，on sale，on the radio，on and on，on show，on earth，on average，on ones own注意：一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用at，如圣诞节。一般的节日名词前用on。4. by主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式。固定搭配：by the village，be paid by the month，by oneself，by chance，by foot(=on foot)，by hand，learn by heart，by mistake，by accident，by force，year by year，side by side，stone by stone，by now / then5. for主要表示目的、原因、交换值以及时间和距离的长度。固定搭配：make sth. for sb.，for some reason or other，thank sb. for sth.，for almost one year，for example，for the time being，for sale，for free，for one thing，for nothing6. of表示部分与全体的关系、所有关系、来源和所用的材料。of所有格表示的多种关系：1） 从属关系：the wheel of the car2） 局部-整体关系：some of the water3） 量化关系：a cup of tea4） 描述关系：a professor of learning（知识丰富的教授）5） 同位关系： the city of Beijing6） 动宾关系：the study of the map（研究地图）7） 主谓关系：the determination of the workers（工人们的决心）固定搭配：be of much use，rob sb. of sth.，be fond of，make fun of，be tired of，of ones own，instead of，run out of7. to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置。固定搭配：rise to / by ，to ones surprise / joy/ astonishment，to the east of，key to，come up to，add up to，be open to the public，to the point，thanks to，suit to ，stick to，refer to（二）易错、常考的介词及搭配1. be made of，be made from，be made into，be made in2. call on = visit，call for = go and pick up，call at ones house or office3. on business （出差）/ strike（罢工）/ duty（值日） / holiday / fire / vacation / watch / sale（出售） / leave（请假） / guard（警戒）4. have some trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.，have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth.5. A is pleased to B，B is pleased with A（对感到满意）6. be tired of，be tired from7. with the help of，under the leadership of8. by means of（使用），by way of（经由），by heart（记住），by the way9. out of question（毫无疑问），out of the question（毫无可能）10. prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth.11. be thankful to sb. for sth.12. steal sth. from sb.，rob sb. of sth.13. insist on doing sth.，persist in doing sth.，stick to，go on doing sth.14. set about doing sth.，set out to do sth.15. look sb. in the face，hit sb. on the face，lead the cow by the nose16. do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour17. tell A from B（三）介词的惯用型1. above all（首先），after all，at all（全然），in all2. day after day，year after year，one after one，one after another3. at peace（和平），at war（战争），at times（时常），at dinner4. by oneself，by all means（尽一切办法、务必），by chance，by accident，by no means（决不、并没有），by means of（用、依靠） ，by the way5. in teens（十几岁），in pain，in danger，in need6. to ones joy / sorrow / surprise7. with care（仔细地），with joy / pleasure（高兴地），with ones help，with the best wishes（致以我们良好的祝愿），without difficulty（毫不困难地），without exception（毫不例外），without delay（立即、马上）8. according to（依据），along with（和一起），as to（至于），because of，except for（除之外），instead of（代替）9. out of order（不正常），out of date，out of trouble（脱离困境），out of sight，out of debt（还清了债务），out of touch（没有联系）10. at the bottom of，at the centre of，at the end of，at the top of，at the cost of（以为代价）at the sight of，at the thought of，at a speed of11. in memory of（纪念），in favour of（同意），in the habit of（有习惯），in touch with（与保持联系），on the left of，on the eve of（在前夕）12. from time to time（不时地）， from day to day（天天）， from hand to hand（一个传一个），from side to side（左右地），from car to car（一个车厢一个车厢地），from bad to worse（越来越差），from beginning to end（从头到尾），from hand to mouth（仅能糊口），from head to foot，from start to finish，from one to another（四）掌握方式、手段、工具的表达方法1） in +文字、语言、材料名词in English (ink, pencil, capital letters)2） with +工具、机器；人体器官；情绪、情感、态度的名词with a branch, with ones nose, with pride, with satisfaction, with the help of, with ones permission3） by 表示泛指的方式、手段by bus, by land, by means of（用方法）, by way of（经由） , by doing sth., by hand（手工）, by post（由邮局传递）, by letter（用写信的方式）, by electricity, by hard work, by the year, by the hour（by + the + 单位名词） 按4） 其它表示方式（情况、状况、手段）的表示法through the radio / by radio / on the radio, through / by / from practice, by telephone (on the telephone), on foot, on the train, in satisfaction, in surprise, in silence, in a low voice, in comfort, in sorrow, in high / good / poor spirits,in anger, in safety, in debt, in good order, in good / poor health, in tears,in use, in pain, （五）某些名词和介词的固定搭配1） 要求to：key, answer, visit, apology, introduction2） 要求in：interest, satisfaction, expert3） 要求on：mercy, congratulation4） 要求其它：victory over, struggle with, price for, respect for【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）（一）（ ）1. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go _?A. through B. across C. on D. in（ ）2. A mother camel was walking _ her son _ the desert.A. without; along B. with; throughC. next to; pass D. beside; through（ ）3. The river runs_ the city.A. across B. through C. over D. from（ ）4. It took us over an hour to walk_ this street.A. from B. through C. over D. across（二）（ ）1. Uncle Wang arrived_ No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago.A. at B. in C. to D. /（ ）2. Did your friend send you something _ the end of last week?A. at B. by C. in D. to（ ）3. The monument_ those heroes stands _the foot of the mountain.A. of; at B. to; on C. for; by D. to; at（ ）4. My uncle lives _ 88 Beijing Street.A. to B. of C. at D. on（ ）5. They are waiting _ a bus _ the bus stop.A. for; in B. on; at C. with; at D. for; at（三）（ ）1. Wood is of ten made _paper.A. by B. from C. of D. into（ ）2. _ research _ the universe scientists have put a lot of information _ computers.A. With; over; at B. On; at; toC. In; about; into D. For; with; through（ ）3. When a piece of ice is taken _ a warm room, it gets smaller and smaller until _ the end it disappears completely.A. in; in B. out of; at C. into; in D. to; by（ ）4. A woman fell _ the boat _ the water.A. off; into B. at; below C. down; under D. away; in（四）（ ）1. The tables in the restaurant are so close together that theres hardly anyroom to move _them.A. among B. betweenC. in the middle of D. at the centre of（ ）2. English is widely used for business_ different countries.A. between B. to C. for D. on（ ）3. Is there any difference _ these two sentences?A. for B. in C. among D. between（ ）4. We visited him at his workplace _ the young trees and ask him about his work. A. in B. amongC. between D. at（ ）5. There is the difference_ Chinese food and American food.A. from B. at C. between D. by（ ）6. The police station is _ the clothing shop _ the post office.A. between; and B. among; andC. near; of D. on; right（ ）7. He is _ the greatest scientists in the world.A. among B. between C. in D. of（五）（ ）1. There is a book-store _ our house.A. at B. through C. across D. near（ ）2. Our headmaster showed the visitors _ our school.A. to B. for C. around D. near（ ）3. The moon is the _ to the earth.A. closed B. near C. nearest D. close（六）（ ）1. We have classes every day _ Sunday.A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for（ ）2. Nobody knew it _ me.A. but B. beside C. besides D. without（ ）3. What do you spend your time on _ work and study?A. except B. besides C. but D. without（ ）4. Do you know any other foreign language_ English?A. without B. beside C. besides D. except（ ）5. We need fifteen more people _ the twenty of us to do the job.A. besides B. and C. exceptD. without（ ）6. No one knew where Mr Smith lived_ his daughter.A. besides B. and C. only D. except（七）（ ）1. _ the help of the teacher, Tom has made rapid progress _ his studies.A. For; at B. Of; for C. By; on D. With; in（ ）2. The children are interested _this subject.A. to B. with C. in D. at（ ）3. His mother often helps him _ English so he does better _ English than others. A. with; in B. on; inC. in; with D. with; at（ ）4. Ive lost my interest_ physics.A. in B. on C. at D. for（ ）5. He drove away_ the direction of London.A. in B. at C. to D. for（ ）6. The letter was written _ ink.A. with B. in C. by D. at（八）（ ）1. _ the money, she bought a new coat _ her father.A. With; for B. With; to C. For; with D. To; with（ ）2. Wei Hua gets on well _ her classmates.A. with B. in C. to D. at（ ）3. There is something wrong _my bike.A. at B. in C. on D. with（ ）4. They are filling their bags_ books and other things.A. in B. with C. of D. by（ ）5. When the teacher heard us talking in class, he was very angry _A. to B. with C. for D. of（ ）6. We usually cover the Christmas trees _ colour lights.A. in B. use C. for D. with（九）（ ）1. -His sudden death surprised his wife.-It was so bad. His wife was surprised _ his death.A. by B. with C. at D. on（ ）2. Dont laugh_ him, he only made a small mistake.A. at B. to C. about D. over（ ）3. The boy cried out _