2013考研导学-付博【课堂范例】.doc

2013海文考研英语导学讲义主讲：老付Part A 考研基础词汇复习阶段性重点考研词汇初体验：【2011年真题范例】Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring _. Atemporary delightBenjoyment in progressChappiness in retrospectDlasting reward 词汇复习三阶段：1. 初记阶段：2. 整合阶段：3. 应用阶段：Part B 考研热点词汇语境提升Example 1 Senator Barack Obama likes to joke that the battle for the Democratic presidential nomination has been going on so long, babies have been born, and theyre already walking and talking. Thats nothing. The battle between the sciences and the humanities has been going on for so long, its early participants have stopped walking and talking, because theyre already dead.What can we learn from this paragraph?A The battle between science and arts also concern some politicians.B Some scholars are actually politicians mediating some disputes.C There has been a dispute between science and arts for a long time.D Several generations of scholars participated in the battle for justice.Example 2【2008年真题范例】 In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw - having extracted them from the months of his slaves.Thats far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. 36. George Washingtons dental surgery is mentioned to _.A show the primitive medical practice in the past.B demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.C stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.D reveal some unknown aspect of his life.Example 3【2008年真题范例】 While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “Its not necessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,” she observes, “Its just that theyre dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but wad determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarezs experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?A Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.B Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.C Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.D Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women _.A Need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.B Have limited capacity for tolerating stress.C Are more capable of avoiding stress.D Are exposed to more stress.23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be _.A domestic and temporary. B irregular and violent.C durable and frequent. D trivial and random.24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”(Line 6, Para. 5) shows that _.A Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.B Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expenses.C Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.D Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Strain of Stress: No Way Out?B Responses to Stress: Gender DifferenceC Stress Analysis: What Chemicals SayD Gender Inequality: Women under StressExample 4 In just one generation, millions of us have stepped into an age of cultural integration. It is nothing unusual to see American writers attracted by Chinese glorious history, European physicians indulged in traditional Chinese medical science, and British movie makers interested in the unique life-style of Chinese Minorities. Equally, it is not uncommon that some Chinese college students not only embrace traditional Chinese culture, but go abroad to experience native foreign life. That is exactly what the cartoonist endeavors to remind all of us: cultural integration, or coexistence, can effectively improve mutual understanding and enrich our life enormously. In just one generation, we have stepped into an era of getting and staying in touch with others with but a few clicks. Scholars from every part of the country have debated its social implications, but not everyone has looked at the side-effect: the Internet also helps to cut off the face-to-face communication among peers, friends, and even family members. To be specific, in our daily life, its not uncommon that some teenagers may chat with total strangers online for hours, but may refuse to have a conversation with their parents at home for even a minute. That is what the cartoonist endeavors to remind all of us: the Web has made these folks addict to islands isolated from the real world.In just one generation, millions of us have stepped into an age of cultural integration. It is nothing unusual to see American writers attracted by Chinese glorious history, European physicians indulged in traditional Chinese medical science, and British movie makers interested in the unique life-style of Chinese Minorities. Equally, it is not uncommon that some Chinese college students not only embrace traditional Chinese culture, but go abroad to experience native foreign life. That is exactly what the cartoonist endeavors to remind all of us: cultural integration, or coexistence, can effectively improve mutual understanding and enrich our life enormously.While acknowledging that it is an indispensible virtue to help each other, we may witness some unfamiliar but unpleasant phenomena: seeing a pregnant lady standing in a bumpy bus, nobody stands up to leave her a seat; finding a blind man groping for the exit, no one lends a helping hand; glancing at the wounded groaning in a car accident, no driver is willing to stop for a moment to call the traffic police office. Where has the generousness gone? Where has the unselfishness gone? Where has the mutual-helping habit gone? They are swallowed by selfishness and cowardliness.【Sample 2】Indeed, it is generally appreciated that mutual help is an indispensible trait of civilized people, but is that the case in contemporary society? Actually, some unpleasant acts are prevailing, which explains why the cartoonist uses this metaphor to cry for the coming back of mutual-assistance. Specifically, the following phenomena are not unfamiliar: seeing a pregnant lady standing in a bumpy bus, nobody stands up to leave her a seat; finding a blind man groping for the exit, no one lends a helping hand; glancing at the wounded groaning in a car accident, no driver is willing to stop for a moment to call the traffic police office. Sadly, we cant help lamenting that mutual-helping habit are swallowed by selfishness and cowardliness.【Sample 3】Under the amusing appearance of this cartoon lies a simple truth: “evolution makes human, but mutual-help makes human life.” Put it another way, without the assistance from each other, no one can lead a normal life. Admittedly, people are supposed to be independent characters, either in work or in life. However, who can deal with all the trouble by himself? Ladies may get pregnant, so they may need others seat on a bumpy bus. Youngsters are inevitable to be old, so they may demands others helping hand to go upstairs. Tiny children may be bullied by stronger ones, so they may ask the adults for help. All of us may have the chance to be this pregnant lady, old man, or bullied-child. Therefore, we have the duty to be the “seat lender, old-man tender or kid-defender” in one word, helper. Part C词汇复习各个阶段任务范例【附录】A：初记阶段5500 = 200+3200+2100Example 1 Euthanasia, often called mercy killing, has now been in practice in some countries even if it is still a controversy. Obesity, or fatness, has become a global epidemic affecting the lives and health of millions of people.About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared.On passing through the prism, the ray of light was transformed into a row of seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.The explorers decided that this was a fossil of an extinct animal that once lived but does not exist now. Jane was talking with others all the time while Eliza remained reticent all the time.Stones are a better conductor of heat than soil. Or put it another way, soil is a better insulator than rock.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. She is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye.外来词：Mahjong, koala, clair, vis-vis, madam, delta, (，), El Nino,Example 2 Hot air. Hot cellHot debateIts very hot here! I am hot!Reasoning plays a decisive role in the debate.The executives are going to summer at the seaside next week.This phenomenon clearly mirrors a terrible social crisis: This trend echoed by the chart can be viewed as an optimistic change in our daily life.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology.Cover:The hill is covered by heavy snow.The parading procession covers 30 kilometers.This event has been covered by local media.Here income can never cover her daily expenses.- Cover me!- Negative!Example 3 合成、派生、混合曲折迂回1：合成Moonlight, moonbeam, mooncraft, warhorse, warpath, warlord, greenhouse, green-eyed, greenroom, palmtop, counterbalance, rainbird, ladybird, dog days 2：派生desertification,futurologist, forepayment,gress = go, walkprogress进步，前进retrogress退步，倒退ingress进入egress外出digress离题aggress攻击，侵犯In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. 21.The word “homogenizing” most probably means _.A identifyingB associatingC assimilating（C）D monopolizing3：混合boatel, psywar, bioterrorist, Interpol, heliport, ecosystem Citizen NetizenB：整合阶段同义近义聚合形近形似聚合【2007年真题范例】Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born.24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that _.A talent is a dominating factor for professional success.B biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.C the role of talent tends to be overlooked.（D）D high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.C：应用阶段（Keywords and Others）因果关系：转折关系：近义复述：感情态度：观点标志：指代概括：强烈语气：Text: A = B A C+ A C- C- : C1-, C2-, C3-, , Cn- As a result, D occurs.Question： C-