九年级英语下册第一单元语法强化训练冀教版.doc

冀教版九下第一单元语法强化训练语法全面透视动词不定式动词根据它能否单独作谓语动词可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。顾名思义，非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、分词和动名词。现在我们来学习动词不定式吧。一、构成不定式（infinitive）由不定式记号to加动词原形构成(to do)。但在有些情况下to可以省略。及物动词的不定式可以带宾语，如：to write a letter（写信）。也可以被状语修饰，如：to read the news slowly（慢慢读新闻）。不定式加宾语和状语，不定式短语。不定式的否定结构是直接在 to前加not（ not to do），如： not to go home（不回家）。二、用法 动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中。1. 主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： （1）不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 骑自行车去那儿将花费我们半小时。（2）用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： 归纳总结：用it作形式主语的基本句型： Itbe名词to do sth.Its his duty to take good care of the students. 照顾好学生是他的职责。 It takes sb +some time/ money+ to do sth.How long did it take you to finish the work? 完成这件工作要花费你多长时间？ Itbe形容词for sbto do sth.（常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等）Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 Itbe形容词of sbto do sth.（常用表示赞扬或批评的词， 如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等）It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 It seems(appears)形容词to do sth.It seemed impossible to save money. 节约钱好像是不可能的。友情提示：当不定式作主语，另一个不定式作表语时，不能用Itbeto do+ to do。如：（对）To give is better than to receive. 给予总比接受好。（错）It is to give is better than to receive. 2. 表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作，或表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。如：His plan is to spend a few days in the mountains.他计划在山里呆几天。Her problem is where to live.她的问题是住哪儿。3. 宾语（1）有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。如：The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。归纳总结：常用不定式作宾语的及物动词归纳如下：agree（同意），arrange（安排），ask（问），bother（打扰），care（关心），choose（选择），come（来），decide（决定），expect（期望），happen（碰巧），hope（希望），fail（失败），help（帮助），learn（学习），long（渴望），manage（设法），offer（提供），ought（应该），plan（计划），prepare（准备），pretend（假装），promise（允许），refuse（拒绝），seem（好像），tend（想要），want（想要），wait（等待），wish（希望）等。（2）当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语动词it补语to do句式。如： He finds it difficult to learn English well.他发现学好英语很难。4. 定语（1）在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：The next train to arrive is from Shanghai.下一趟到达的火车来自上海。My wish to visit France has come true at last. 我参观法国的愿望最终实现了。（2）不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句。如：She was the only one to look after the child.She was the only one that looked after the child.只有她一人照顾那个孩子。友情提示1. 不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词。 如：He found a good house to live in.他发现一个可以住的好房子。2. 如果不定式修饰time, place, way ， 可以省略介词。如：This is the best way to work out this problem.这是算出这道题最好的方法。5. 状语 不定式可以作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。（1）目的状语 only to (仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。（2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.我说的话让你生气了。He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。（3）表原因Im very glad to see you.见到你真高兴。经典考例：用动词的适当形式填空。1. My mother is ill.-I am very sorry _ (hear) that.解答：此句中是动词不定式作状语，表原因。正确答案是：to hear2. He is enough old_ (finish) this work.解答：此句中是动词不定式作状语，表目的。正确答案是：to finish6、宾语补足语 有些及物动词的宾语后常有不定式作宾语补足语，构成复合宾语，这样意义才能完整。如：Parents will not allow us to play on the street.父母不让我们在街上玩耍。 We invited him to join us.我们邀请他加入我们。归纳总结：不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词归纳如下：ask（问），tell（告诉），invite（邀请），want（要），like（喜欢），allow（允许），wish（希望），hate（不喜欢），help（帮助），leave（留给），expect（期望），prefer（宁愿），encourage（鼓励），advise（建议），persuade（劝说），permit（允许），remind（提醒），request（要求）， order（命令），warn（警告） 7. 疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成特殊的不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如： （1）When to leave for London has not been decided yet.（不定式在句子中作主语） 什么时候去伦敦还没有决定。（2）Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中作宾语） 史密斯先生不知道是离开还是呆在那儿。（3）The question was where to find a good job. （不定式在句子中作表语） 问题是在哪儿找一份好工作。经典考例：选择最佳答案。1. Could you tell me_ to have the picnic?-Near the Beidai River.A. how B. when C. what D. where解析 由答句的地点可知是问在哪儿野炊。正确答案：D2. I want to know _ to go there.A. how B. when C. what D. where解析 由go there和句意可知是怎么去那儿。正确答案：A8. 省略to 的动词不定式（1） 使役动词 let, have, make。如： He often makes me go for a walk with him.他常常让我和他一起去散步。（2） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。如：We often hear her play the guitar in the next door.我们常常听见她在隔壁房间里弹吉他。友情提示make, see, hear, watch, notice等词在被动语态中to 不能省掉。如：The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.老板让他们整晚工作。（3） would rather，had better，why not，rather than。如：Jim preferred to swim rather than run.吉姆宁愿游泳也不愿跑步。（4） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth。如： On weekends, I often help my mother (to) do housework.周末，我常常帮好好干家务活。（5） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.他想搬到法国和那个女孩儿结婚。经典考例：选择最佳答案。1. I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going解答 why not 后面接不带to 的不定式。正确答案：D2. Paul doesnt have to be made_. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning解答make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。正确答案：A三、 时态与语态 不定式有时态和语态的变化。（1）语态虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出，此时用主动式；如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。现以write为例，具体形式如下表：主动式被动式一般式(not) to write (not) to be written进行式(not) to be writing完成式(not) to have written(not) to have been written（2）时态1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He wants to know this thing.他想知道此事。I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再见到你。2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.很对不起，给你带来如此多的麻烦。He seems to have caught a cold.他好像感冒了。3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be reading English.他好像正在读英语。 She pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.她假装认真听讲。知识拓展部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，现归纳如下：1. forget to do忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing忘记做过某事。 (已做)2. stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。3. remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing记得做过某事 (已做)4. regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做)regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)5. try to do努力，企图尽力去做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。5. go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。6. be afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为“怕”；be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为“生怕，恐怕”。7. mean to do 打算、想做某事mean doing意味着做某事 语法强化训练单项选择( )1. Its wrong _ you not _ her a letter.A. of; to writeB. for; writingC. of; writingD. for; write( )2. -Im sorry, I left my exercise book at home. -Dont forget _ it to school tomorrow, please. A. taking B. bringing C. to bring D. to take( )3. The chair looks very old， but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on( ) 4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke( )5. - Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow？A. this B. that C. it D. which( ) 6. -Do you think our football team will win the match? -Yes, we have better players. So I _ them to win. A. hope B. ask C. help D. expect( )7. Mother told me _the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil( )8. Cars cause most of Beijings air pollution. So the “No Car Day” campaign（活动）asks Beijing drivers _ their cars at home one day each month.A. leave B. leavingC. to leave D. to be left( )9. -Do you like sports?-Sure. Im looking forward to watching the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing on TV. A. to hold B. being heldC. held D. to be held( )10. Dont make me _this or that. Im very busy.A. to do B. do C. doing D. done( )11. When people want to relax themselves, they prefer _ TV or listen to music rather than _ newspapers.A. watching; read B. watching; to readC. to watch; read D. to watch ; reading( )12. Jane likes singing. We often hear her_ after class. A. singB. sangC. to singD. sings( )13. -Shopping with me? -Sorry, I have a lot of clothes _. A. to washB. washedC. wash D. to be washed( )14. On her way home a thief was seen_ in a shop. She stopped _ 110 at once. A. steal; callB. to steal; to callC. steal; to callD. stealing; calling ( )15. Its a good habit _breakfast every day. A. had B. haveC. to haveD. having( )16. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him ( )17. She pretended _me when I passed by . A . not to see B . not seeing C . to not see D. having not seen ( )18. We are often told_ at people in trouble. A. not to smileB. to smileC. not to laughD. to laugh( )19. He found it hard_ his class. A. to catch upB. catch upC. catch up withD. to catch up