动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气.doc

虚拟语气与习题1. 动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气1) 用wish表示现在的祝愿和抱歉。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be用were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：I wish they were at home this time.2) 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或could+现在完成时。例：I wish I hadn t hurt him so much。3) 用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为宾语从句的结构，谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。例：I wish I might be able to come tomorrow。2. 用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1) 表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设 与现在事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：if+主语+动词的过去式（be变were）+其他主句：主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他例：If I were you, I would go with him. 与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。例：If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam. 表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+should (were to )+动词原形+其他主句：主语+would (could, should, might)+动词原形例：If he were to go tomorrow, he might tell you.2.) 从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式 从句表示过去，主句表示现在。If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now. 从句表示将来，主句表示过去。If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night。 从句表示过去，主句表示将来。If we hadn t made adequate preparations, we shouldn t dare to do the experiment next week。 从句表示将来，主句表示现在。If we shouldnt have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.3. 可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句，用虚拟语气;由as if、as though引起的与事实相反的句子，不论主句的谓语是现在时或者说过去时，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，都基本上与wish后的宾语从句相同。例：John pretends as if he didn t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实）They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反)4. 在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气常用的此类动词有：表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order表示“主张”的：maintain, urge表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist例：The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.He insisted that we (should) tell him the news.上述动词的名词形式，demand, desire, requirement, advice, order, decision, recommendation, suggestion, 以及necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。现代英语，特别是美国英语，常省去“should”，例：The advice is that we (should) leave at once.The idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was warmly welcomed.5. 在“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that”结构中，主语从句的谓语也用“should+原形动词“表虚拟语气美国英语中省去should, 常用的形容词和过去分词有：表示“要求”的：required, demanded, requested, desired。表示“建议”的：suggested, recommended,表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的：imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, important, vital表示“适当、较好”的：appropriate, advisable, better, preferable表示“可能”的：probable, possible表示“命令”的：ordered例：It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.It is required that nobody (should)smoke here.6. 由下列名词或短语引导，或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气1) “Iest 以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“should+动词原形”。He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.2) “whether不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句，有时用动词原形。All things, whether you know or don t know, exist in the world.3) 用“would rather/had rather would just as soon表示“宁愿、但愿”，后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求，用过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。 Don t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.I would rather you go tomorrow.I would rather everything hadn t happened in the past.4) 用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.5) 在“It is（high/about）time+that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时，偶尔也可以用would(或should)+动词原形，或had rather (would rather)+动词原形。It is high (about)time that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ were leaving.(注意与“This is the first/secondtime”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。6) 用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”，“如果没有”（相当于if it were not for）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气）Without your help, I couldn t finish my work on time.In the absence of water and air, nothing could live7) 由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气）They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.8) 在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should, 在书面语中可省去if ,将were等提到主语前，形成倒装。Should there be a good film tomorrow. I would go to the theatre with you.Were it not for your help. I wouldn t be succeed. 例1：Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though_ out of the office.A. wentB. goneC. to goD. would go答案 C. to go注释 as though或as if引导的状语从句中, 从句主语和主句主语相同时, 从句中可省略主语和部分谓语, 如：1) She paused, as if to let the painful memories pass. (省略she wanted)2) From time to time Jason turned round as though searching for someone. (省略he were)3) The boy started, as if awakened from some dream. (省略he were)由此可见,本题中省略she wanted。译文克里斯蒂愤怒地盯了老板一眼并转过身去，似乎想走出办公室。例2: Id rather you_ by train, because I cant bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.A. would goB. should goC. wentD. had gone答案 C. went注释主语+would rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选C. went。译文我宁愿你乘火车去，因为我无法想象在如此恶劣的天气你呆在飞机里。例3: For the timely_ investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.A. Had it not beenB. Were it notC. Be it notD. Should it not be 答案 A. Had it not been注释本题测试交错时间的虚拟语气。从句是表示过去时间的虚拟条件，if省略，主语it与助动词had倒装。虚拟条件句也可写成这样：If it had nor been for the timely investment from the general public。这是重点句型，在各类测试中常考。译文要不是老百姓的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样兴旺。例4: The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value_ by the time they were finished.A. could loseB. would have lost C. might loseD. ought to have lost答案 B. would have lost注释从句是省略if的虚拟条件句,谓语部分倒装,故主句谓语为would have+过去分词。译文所涉及到的数百万次计算，如果用手工操作，到它们完成时已失去全部实用价值。例5: A safety analysis_ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.A. would identify B. will identifyC. would have identified D. will have identified答案 C. would have identified注释过去时间的虚拟语气表示过去要做而没有做的事。译文一次安全隐患分析本来会确认这个目标是潜在的危险。不幸的是，这样的分析从未做过。例6: In the past men generally preferred that their wives_ in the home.A. workedB. would workC. workD. were working答案 C. work注释因为prefer(宁愿)是欲望动词,其后所接的宾语从句中谓语需用(should)+动词原形。译文过去男子一般都愿意他们的妻子在家里工作。例7: When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people_ all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.A. turn offB. turned offC. would turn offD. had turned off答案 A. turn off 注释 propose是欲望动词,后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。译文爱迪生去世时，有人建议，为纪念这位伟人美国人民应关掉家中、街上和工厂里的全部电源几分钟。例8: I apologize if I you, but I assure you_ it was unintentional.A. offendB. had offendedC. should have offendedD. might have offended答案 B. had offended注释本题测试交错时间的虚拟条件句。was暗示，事情发生在过去，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语动词应该用表示过去时间的虚拟形式。译文假如我曾经冒犯过你，我现在向你道歉，但我向你保证，这不是故意的。例9: The board deemed it urgent that these files_ right away.A. had to be printedB. should have been printedC. must be printed D. should be printed 答案 D. should be printed注释因为urgent是欲望形容词,在句中作形式宾语it的补足语,所以宾语从句中的谓语需用虚拟语气:(should)+动词原形(主动态或被动态)。译文董事会认为，迫在眉睫的是马上把这些档案印出来。例10: There is a real possibility that these animals_ could be frightened, a sudden loud noise.A. being there B. should there beC. there was D. there having been答案 B. should there be注释 should there be表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式, if省略,所以should与there倒装。译文要是有一声巨响，这些动物会受到惊吓，这是有现实可能性的。虚拟语气强化训练1Were it not for the snowy weather, we _all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4. If you asked your father, you _ permission. A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get 5. _today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 6. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be 8. _ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _your advice A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed 10. If the horse won today, it _ thirty races in five years. A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won 11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 12. If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed, wed_ there by now. A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 13. I wish I _ with her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were 14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_to it. A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone 15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, _. A. if he didnt get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadnt happened C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself16. The teacher suggested that her students _ experiences with ESP. A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his 17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he _ away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 19. Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.A. do B. dont C. didnt D. didnt do 20. It is important that the TOEFL office _ your registration. A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm 21. Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology _. A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved 22. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been 23. It is time that the government _measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking 24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant _ all diplomas from elementary school to university. A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have 25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 26. If I had seen the movie, I _ you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told 27. I had hoped that John _ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend 28. Its high time they_ this road. A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend 29. Its about time people_ notice of what women did during the war. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take 30. Hes working hard for fear that he_ . A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind 31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_ in the home. A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working 32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _ psychologically ready for the new idea. A. is B. were C. be D. would be 33. Your advice that_ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited 34. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month. A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing 35. I advised that the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possible.A. should send to B. should be sent C. be went to D. must be sent to36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be 20 percent.A. be raised B. would be raised C. raised D. raise37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey38. My suggestion is that she _ more exercise, which will do a lot of good to her.A. takes B. must take C. take D. took39. If only I _ driving before. A. learn B. learned C. had learned D. would learn40. _ she _ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A. If, didnt leave B. Had not, leftC. Hadnt, leftD. Didnt, leave高考虚拟语气1. - If he _, he _ that food. - Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned would not takeB. had been warned would not have taken C. would be warned had not takenD. would have been warned had not taken2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has comeB. did comeC. cameD. had come3. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaksB. has brokenC.