高三英语总复习语音.docVIP

高三二轮复习专题集体备课-语音语 音主备人：李泽军教学内容：字母及其组合在单词中的发音教学重点：1 元音字母及其组合的读音规则 2 辅音字母及其组合的读音规则教学难点：1 开音节，闭音节的区别 2 几组易混的字母组合教学方法：归类，列举教学步骤：six stepsStep One: English Phonemes Study 英语音素学习1、音素（phonetic elements）：音素是英语中最小的语音单位，英语中有48个音素，其中元音20个，辅音28个。2、音标（phonetic symbols）：是记录音素的符号，用于区别字母，因而需加“ ”或“/ /”。3、48个音标元 i: i : u: u C: R : Q e 音 ei ai Ci i u u aup t k f s F tF tr ts辅 b d g v z V dV dr dz m n 音 w j r h l4、音节）音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节教学札记 绝对开音节：是指一个元音字母后面没有辅音字母而构成的音节，例如：we, hi, 相对开音节：是指一个元音字母后面有一个辅音字母(除r)之外，最后是一个不发音的e构成的音节，如:take, make在开音节中，这个元音字母发“字母”本身音，例如hi|hai|, use|ju:z| 闭音节：指元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)构成的音节，如：leg, cross ）音节按重读可以分为重读音节和非重读音节重读音节： 指在双音节或多音节词中有一个发音特别响亮的音节，叫重读音节，用重音符号“”标于相应位置，其他音节为非重读音节，如begin |bi5gin|，单音节词作重读处理，但不标重音符号。 Step Two: The vowels elements study 元音音素学习A）元音字母在单词中的读音元音字母读音说 明例 词a/ei/在重读开音节中name, make, plane, grade, cake, date, page, safe, face, gate/e/在ny前any, many, anyone, anything/在重读闭音节中map, fat, sad, back, hand, catch, hat, bad, glad, black, thank, act/在w或wh后wash, want, watch, what/:/在s, ss, st前past, flash, last, glass, pass, class, basket/C:/在w后偶尔发water/ar分开发音Mary, parent/在非重读音节中another, along, asleep, away, among, around /i/在非重读音节中village, comrade, palacee/i/在重读开音节中me, be, we, he, she, these, Chinese/e/在重读闭音节中get, rest, mend, next, left, then, help, wet, forget, dress, sell, spell/i/er分开发音zero/在非重读音节中open, moment, September/i/在非重读音节中ticket, begin, behind, cinema, betweeni(y)/ai/在重读开音节中time, drive, ride, knife, wife, smile, why, sky, dry, try, fly, spy, July/i/在重读闭音节中hit, ill, lift, kill, twin, drink, pick, ship, wind, thin, ship, physics/i:/在重读开音节中police, machine/在非重读音节中April, holiday, beautiful/i/在非重读音节中office, instead, finish, city, family, reallyo/u/在重读开音节中go, ago, nose, hope, whole, alone, hole, phone, smoke, joke/R/在重读闭音节中clock, sock, shop, dog, cross, cock, bottle, knock, song, strong /Q/在m, n, v, th前love, son, some, mother, other/u/woman/u:/在某些重读开音节中move, lose, who, whose/wQ/one, once/在非重读音节中today, tomorrow, together, second/u/在非重读音节中onto, intou/ju:/在重读音节中use, student, duty, excuse, music/Q/在重读闭音节中but, cut, up, nut, duck, luck, lunch, sunny/u/在重读闭音节中put, pull, push, full/u:/在重读开音节中June, ruler/i/在个别单词中busy, business/在非重读音节中August B）元音字母组合在单词中的读音 这类字母组合通常有两个元音字母组成，其中的元音字母组合有的只发一种音，有的发两种或两种以上的音。元音字母组合读音说 明例 词ea/i:/在重读音节中team, clean, sea, tea, east, cheap, easy, speak, season, read/e/head, bread, ready, weather, health/i/idea, real, really/ei/great, breakai/ei/在个别重读音节词中train, rain wait, waiter/e/在重读音节中said, says/i/在非重读音节中mountainee/i:/在重读音节中see, bee, free, sheep, feel, meet, need, green, asleepey/ei/在重读音节中they, hey, obey/i:/在个别重读音节词中key/i/在非重读音节中monkey, moneyeo/i:/在重读音节中peopleei/i:/在重读音节中receive/risi:v/ei/在字母组合eigh中eight, eighteen, weighouau在重读音节中ground, round, around, out, mouse, blouseQ在重读音节中young, country, touch, enough, double/u:/在个别重读音节词中group/u/在情态动词中could, should, wouldue/u:/e不发音blue/e/u不发音guessoo/u:/词尾或词中zoo, soon, food, cool, tooth, noon, fool u 在k或d前cook, look, took, good, foot, woodQ在l和d之间bloodoau在重读音节中coat, goat, boatoyCi在重读音节中boy, enjoy, joy, toyoiCi在重读音节中toilet, oilie/e/i不发音friend/i:/在重读音节中field, piece, thiefai在个别单词中quiet/ai/在词尾lie, die, tieauC:在重读音节中autumn, daughter, August:在个别重读音节词中auntay/ei/在重读音节中today, away, stay, may, say, play/i/在非重读音节中Monday, Sundayui/u:/在重读音节中fruitoe/u:/位于词尾shoeioai在重读音节中pioneeruy/ai/重读音节，词尾buyye/ai/重读音节，词尾byeStep Three: The consonants elements study 辅音音素学习A）辅音字母在单词中的读音辅音字母读音例词辅音字母读音例词b/b/busp/p/mapc/s/niceq一般不单独发音/k/cupr/r/redd/d/days/s/yesf/f/fly/z/pleasegggateFsuredVorangeVusuallyh/h/het/t/catjdVjeepv/v/livek/k/kitew/w/wayl/l/latex/ks/nextm/m/mygzexamplen/n/niney/j/yearunclez/z/zero重点辅音字母读音讲解：n在单词中的读音 n在一般情况下发/n/。如：kind, need, soon等。 n后面为辅音音素/k/，/g/时发/ /。如think, hungry, uncle等。该规则不包括加前缀un构成的单词。如uncleans在单词中的读音s在单词开头通常读/s/。如：sit, stop等。s后面的辅音字母发清辅音时读/s/。如：desk, past, question, mistake等。以s结尾的复数名词，s前的辅音字母发清辅音时，词尾s读/s/。如：clocks, shops等。ss在单词中读/s/。如pass, lesson等。s在两个元音音素之间常读/z/。如：music/mju:zik/, visit/vizit/等。s后面是浊辅音时读/z/.如husband, season等。加s构成的复数名词及单数第三人称动词形式中，s前面为浊辅音或元音时，s读/z/。如：bags, plays, blows, rulers等。以su开头的极少数单词中，s常读F如sure, sugar等 s 读V仅限于usually, pleasure等极少数单词。B)辅音字母组合在单词中的读音 这类字母组合通常有两个辅音字母组成，大部分辅音字母组合只有一种读音，有少数辅音字母组合有两种或两种以上读音。辅音字母组合读音说 明例 词chtF大部分单词中which, lunch, chair, China, teach/k/在少数单词中school, chemistryF在个别单词中machineck/k/一般位于词尾clock, back, blackng在词尾sing, song, bring, seeingg在词中English, hungry, angry, strongershF在词首、词中或词尾shall, fishing, finish, washph/f/一般在词首phone, photo, physicswh/h/后为o时who, whose, whole/w/后为其它元音字母时when, which, why, wheregh/f/一般在词尾laugh, enough, coughth在词尾或以th开头的名词、动词、形容词、数词中both, tooth, fifth, south, thing, think, thick, third/在ther中及代词、冠词、连词或副词中another, feather, them, with, than, thenwr/r/在词首write, wrong, writerkn/n/在词首know, knife, knowledgetchtFcatch, match, watchdr/dr/一般位于词首drive, dry, dress, drinktr/tr/一般位于词首tree, truck, train, trousersds/dz/一般在词尾beds, finds, handsts/ts/一般在词尾students, lets, boats, cats, wantsStep Four: Mixed elements 元、辅音字母组合在单词中的读音 这类字母组合有两类：一类是一个或两个元音字母与r组合，构成-r音节或-re音节。这是主要一类元辅音字母组合。另一类是一个元音字母与除r以外的某个辅音字母组合。这类元辅音字母组合数量很少。元、辅音字母组合读音说 明例 词ar:重读音节中far, park, card, party, hard, start, March, farther, hardlyC:在w后warm, war, warn, quarter 非重读音节中popular, similarer:重读音节中her, term, certainly, prefer 非重读音节中farmer, worker, writer, letter, waiterir:重读音节中girl, shirt, first, third, bird, dirtyorC:重读音节中short, sport, horse, born, north:在w后work, word, world, worse, worst 非重读音节q中doctor, visitorur:重读音节中turn, hurt，Thursday, purple, purseare重读音节中care, careful, hareear, i重读音节中near, hear, clear, dear, nearly:重读音节中early, earth, learn, heard少数词中tear, pear, bear:个别词中heartere重读音节中where, therei重读音节中hereoreC:重读音节中before, more, scoreireai重读音节中tired, hire，fireeeri重读音节中deer，pioneerureu重读音节中sure 非重读音节中pleasure, picture, treasureeir重读音节中theirair重读音节中chair, hair, pair, fairourC:重读音节中four, fourth, course, pourau重读音节中hour 非重读音节中colouroor/C:/一般读/C:/door, floor/u/个别词中pooral/C:/一般读/C:/call, walk, talk, tall, small/C:l/以al开头的副词also, always, already, almost/:/个别词中halfow/u/重读或非重读音节中slow, blow, show, snow, throw, window, yellow, borrow, tomorrow/ au /重读音节中now, how, cow, down, brownew/ju:/一般读/ju:/few, knew, news, newspaper/u:/不规则动词过去式中threw, drew, flew, grew/u/个别词中sew(缝纫)tion/Fn/一般读/Fn/station, dictionary, operation/tFn/在s后questionaw/C:/重读音节中draw, lawdge/dV/只有g发音bridge, fridge, judgeigh/ai/只有i发音light, night, bright, fight, highough/C:/只有ou发音bought, brought, thoughtaugh/C:/只有au发音daughter, taught, caughtind/aind/三个字母都发音kind, find, mind, behindold/uld/三个字母都发音sold, told, cold, holded的读音有三种情况：清辅音p k fs F tF tr tsh后读/t/在浊辅音和元音后bg v z VdV dr dzm n w j读/d/在t d后读/id/Step Five: Voiceless elements不发音的字母和字母组合 英语单词的读音和拼写形式虽然联系紧密，但并不是完全对应的，有很多单词中的某一字母或几个字母不发音。单词不发音的字母中，既有元音字母或字母组合，也有辅音字母或字母组合。不发音的字母或字母组合给拼写单词带来了一定的困难，但也不是无规律可循的。请看下表：不发音的字母或字母组合说 明例 词e以e结尾的相对开音节词中rice, noseo构成成音节的-son中lesson, season, personugu在词首时guessea在个别词中beautifuluegue在词尾时dialogue, leagueb在词尾且其前面为字母m时climb, tomb/tu:m/坟墓g词尾为gn时sign, foreignkkn在词开头时know, knifenmn在词尾时autumngh在i, ou, au后面时light, night, thought, daughterl在ould或个别含al的词中could, would, halfc在含tch的词中catch, watch, matchd在含dge的词中bridge, fridgewwr位于词首时write, wrong其它ss, rr, ff, mm只发一个字母的音lesson, worry, bell, office, swimminganswer,hour,island,WednesdayStep Six: Similar comparation 近似音发音区别练习A)按元音音素归纳元 音字母及字母组合例 词元 音字母及字母组合例 词/ i: /ethese/i/iliveeesheepeEnglisheateamowomeniepieceubusyipolicemanysydneyeopeopleuibuildeykey aglad/e/eresteahead/u:/uruleriefriendomoveamanyueblue/:/afast/u:/oofoodarpa