新视野大学英语一Unit10Beinghonestandopen语言点.docVIP

Language Points in Unit 10 Being honest and openSentence analysis 1. They had a simple saying hanging on their living-room wall: “Life is like a field of newly fallen snow. Where I choose to walk every step will show.” (Line 2)句中 “Life is like a field” 运用了明喻的修辞手法生动地说明了生活的实质。 明喻(Simile) 是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，其基本格式是“A 像B”，常用的比喻词有 “as, like, as if, as though” 等。 句中 “where”作连词用，引起地点状语。意为：“at the place (at) which” 在任何地方“to any place that” 去任何地方。Translations:英译汉并指出句中明喻。1) Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. (John Ruskin).生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。2) Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day. (E.B. White)被打破的记录犹如刮风天成熟的苹果纷纷坠落。3) I am as light as a feather, I am as happy as an angel, I am as merry as a school boy.(Charles Dickens)我像羽毛一样轻，我像天使一样幸福, 我像小学生一样快活Complete the following sentences with “where” as a conjunction.Where ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be wise. 如果无知是福的话，愚蠢就是智慧。Where conscience remains, integrity stays.诚实乃本性之所在。Where bees are/where there are bees, there is honey. 哪儿有蜜蜂哪儿就有蜜。Where some are old and weak/where the weak and old are, others must shoulder the burden.在有些人年老体弱时其他人就该担起责任。Translation: 在他们起居室的墙上挂着一副字，上面写着一句朴实无华的格言：“生活如雪后初霁的大地。足之所至，迹必留之。” 2. They understood instinctively that integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand. (Line 5)句中用了三个“that”从句。 “that integrity involves”为 “understood”的宾语从句。后面两个是由 “and” 连接的定语从句修饰“standard”。sell out (to): let down ones cause, or ones side (to someone) 出卖，背叛1) 他为财富而背叛了自己的抱负和志愿。He sold out to ambition and the determination for wealth.2) 这个军官被指控投敌。The officer was charged with selling out to the enemy.3) 他背叛了他的艺术原则，现在只为钱写作。He sold out his artistic standards and now just writes for money.他们生来就认为，所谓正直，就是有自己的道德界定标准，既不贪财图利，也不因所处的环境而妥协。3. A good test for this value is to apply what I call the “Integrity Triangle”, which consists of three key principles. (Line 9)句中 “which”引导的非限定性定语从句修饰 “Integrity Triangle”；“what”引导的名词性从句作 “apply”的宾语。1) 这篇文章探讨的是作者称之为“代沟”的问题。The article deals with what the author calls the “generation gap”.2) 谁也无法预知未来会发生什么。No one can tell what will happen in the future.3) 孩子们正在玩我们称之为“捉迷藏”的游戏。The children are playing what we call “hide and seek”.检验这一价值观的一个好办法就是运用本人所说的“正直三原则”，即下列三大原则：4. Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure. (Line 12)句中 “confronted”为过去分词，与 “when”一起作句子的时间状语。过去分词与现在分词一样可以在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、假设的状况等。过去分词表示被动意义或过去已经发生的动作。作状语时还常构成“连词/介词分词短语”的结构。完成句子并指出分词的成分。When heated, the metal expands, and if allowed to cool/if cooled, it will contract. 金属受热会膨胀，而如果冷却就会收缩。（表条件）Once deprived of the right to be/of being educated, these children will become the new generation of illiterate. 一旦被剥夺了受教育的权利，这些孩子将成为新一代文盲。（表假设）When comparing the economic developments with developed countries, China has a long way to go.和发达国家的经济发展相比，中国还有很长的路要走。（表时间）Since exhausted by the long journey, the little girl soon fell asleep.由于旅途疲劳，小女孩很快就睡着了。（表原因）在面对个人压力的时候要坚定自己的信念。5. Integrity means you do what you do because its right and not just fashionable or politically correct. (Line 44) “what”引导的名词性从句作 “do”的宾语； “right”和“fashionable”看似并列关系，但完整的句子应为：“you do what you do because its right and not just because it is fashionable”， 而不是 “because it is not just”。翻译时需要注意。1) I dont teach because I think I know the answers to the questions.A: 因为我自认为知道问题的答案，所以我不去教学。B: 我教学不是因为我自认为知道问题的答案。2) I eat vegetables because they are good for my health and not just personal preference.A: 我吃蔬菜因为它们有益身体健康, 而不仅仅是个人喜好。B: 我吃蔬菜因为它们有益身体健康, 以及不仅仅是个人喜好。为人正直意味着去做你应该做的事，因为那是对的，而不是因为合乎潮流或迎合了政治上的需要。6. A life of principle, of not yielding to the tempting attractions of an easy morality, will always win the day. (Line 45) 句中 “life”后跟了两个 “of”引导的定语。“A life of principle, of not”= “If you have principles in your life, if you wont give up for some easy morality, you will be successful.” yield to: give up to 屈服于，放弃1) 人不应屈服于敌人的怜悯。One shall not yield oneself up to the mercy of the enemy.2) 我们对自由的热爱不亚于任何人。We yield to nobody in the love of freedom.3) 屈服于金钱的诱惑，他把公司的新设计出卖给了他们的对手。Yielding to the temptation of money, he sold out the new design of the company to their opponent.在生活中如果能坚持原则，抵制住放松道德标准的种种诱惑，那你就会永远立于不败之地。Words& phrases1. They didnt have to talk about it; they demonstrated this truth by their life style. (Line 3) demonstrate: 1) vt. show clearly1) The teacher demonstrated how to conduct this biological experiment.老师演示了如何做这个生物实验。2) The Japanese technicians demonstrated how the robot walked.日本技术人员演示了这款机器人如何行走。 demonstrate: 2) vi. take part in a march or meeting to protest or to make demands1) Thousands of demonstrators took part in yesterdays demonstration. They demonstrated against extreme rightists.数千名示威者参加了昨天的示威游行。他们抗议极右翼分子。2) A group of Green Peace members demonstrated against the introduction of genetically engineered food.一些绿色和平组织成员抗议引进转基因食品。 2. and boundaries that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand. (Line 6)boundary: n. 1) (figurative) limit 2) dividing line1) the boundaries of human thought 人类思想的限度 2) the boundaries of ones knowledge 一个人知识的限度 3) Cyberspace knows no national boundaries. Terrorists respect no national boundaries. International terrorists are likely to launch a new wave of terrorist attacks via the Internet.网络无国界。恐怖分子无视国界。国际恐怖分子也许会利用网络发动新的一轮恐怖袭击。sell out (to): let down ones cause, or ones side (to someone)1) They would punish those who sold out to the enemy in the occupied land.他们会惩罚那些在被占领土背叛投敌的人。2) Some corrupt policemen sold out to the organized criminal group.一些腐败警察背叛了自己的事业，投向黑社会。3) The leaders of the trade union were charged with selling out to the managers.工会领导人被指责背叛了自己的立场，倒向了雇主。 convenience: n. usefulness; comfort1) (无人售票车有种种便利) An automated collection bus has its conveniences and inconveniences as well. 2) Customers could purchase convenience food(方便食品) at a convenience store (便利店). 3. Integrity is an inner compass for judging your behavior. (Line 7)inner: a. 1) unexpressed; secret1) As an introvert, he always keeps his inner thoughts to himself.作为一个性格内向的人，他总不向别人透露他的内心思想。2) Though I am not interested in studying outer space, I show an intense interest in studying mans inner space, probing the mysteries of the human mind.虽然我对研究外层空间不感兴趣，但我极有兴趣研究人的内心世界，探索人类心灵的种种奥秘。inner: a. 2) inside1) （伦敦地铁有内环线）The London tube/metro has an inner circle and an outside circle.2) （这幅具有内在文化内涵的油画）This painting with an inner cultural meaning is hard to understand.4. Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure. (Line 12) stand for: 1) hold (an opinion); mean or believe something such as a principle 2) accept or bear (something bad); bear with 3) representPlease translate the underlined phrase into Chinese.1) This decision goes against everything I stand for.与我的所有主张格格不入2) Previous undergraduates accepted the terrible living conditions. However, todays undergraduates who are mostly only children will no longer stand for the situation.再也不能忍受这种情况 3) The letters “IC” in “IC card” stand for “integrated circuit”. 代表“集成电路”5. She was responsible for ensuring that all surgical instruments and materials were accounted for during an operation. (Line 14) ensure: vt. 1) make sure or certain 2) make sure of getting; secure1) Careful planning, a large cast and hard work ensured the success of Hero.精心策划、一流演出阵容以及努力工作确保了英雄的成功。 2) This letter of reference will ensure you an interview with that life insurance company.这封推荐信可确保你有机会去参加那家人寿保险公司的面试。3) Money is not enough to ensure everything; but sometimes, without enough money, we could do nothing.钱不足以使人应有尽有。但是，如果钱不足, 我们有时可能一事无成。 C “I removed them all,” the surgeon assured her. “Well close now.” (Line 18)assure: vt. 1) tell positively or confidently 2) make (somebody) sure or certain; convince1) The power supply bureau assured us that they would resume power supply on time.供电局郑重告诉我们，他们会按时恢复供电。2) The intelligence sector assured the public that so far, at least, terrorists havent used weapons of mass destruction, which is somewhat reassuring.情报部门使公众确信，至少到目前为止，恐怖分子还没有使用大规模杀伤性武器，这一点使人略感宽慰。account for: 1) give a statement about something 2) be or give a reason for (something or doing something) 1) When talking to the students, the stamp collector accounted for where each rare stamp was obtained.在与学生交谈时，集邮者解释从哪里得到每一枚罕见的邮票。2) Why is a young woman willing to marry an old man? Different people account for the social phenomenon differently.年轻女性为何愿意与年长男性结婚？不同的人对这一社会现象有不同的解释。 6. “You cant do