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高考英语短文改错破题技巧 铁西区Peter精品高分英语家教育才、实验、二中专用)主编人:吴军一、解题思路(三步解题法):第一步、快速浏览全文,把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意,顺便标记自己一眼就能看出的错误。第二步、细读文章的每一句话。一般要结合文章的前后句以及出题规律来做题。第三步、代入已经修改完成的答案通读全文,看其是否通顺。二、出题规律以及破解关键:1.动词:(1)主要考察能力:时态、主谓是否一致、固定搭配。(2)出题形式:时态混用ie, Then the trouble started. We can not open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.讲解:很显然此句子主时态是一般过去式,因此应把can改为could。主谓不一致ie, There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.讲解:原句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数,所以应该把were改为was。固定搭配ie, I have given up somke. The dog doesnt like the smell.讲解:give up doing sth。因此动词somke应该改为somking。2.名词:(1)主要考察能力:单复数混用。(2)出题形式:单复数混用ie, Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.讲解:“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式,应此应该把year改为years。注意:代词单复数混用类似。As for a friendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.讲解:显然因该把them改为it,指代前面提及的friendship。此句话意思是“就友谊来说,我们可以很容易地从我们的同学和周围的人中找到。”3.形容词/副词(1)主要考察能力:两者之间是否混用。(2)出题形式:形容词与副词混用。即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词,该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中ie, During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.讲解:很明显“与平时相比较更忙”,因此需要把usually改为usual。形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中ie, As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds leaft in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”讲解:原文意思是说比赛还剩一分四十二秒时,她开始兴奋地叫道-,显然应把excited改为excitedly,用来修饰动词cheer。4.介词(1)主要考察能力:(特别是与动词的)固定搭配。(2)出题形式:介词省略ie, Im surt you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.讲解:get rid of 是固定搭配,意思为“摆脱,除去”介词多余ie,My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.讲解:这里显然示对because of与because用法的辨别区分。前者不能接句子,而后者充当连词可以接句子。所以应该把of去掉。介词用错(一般为固定搭配)ie, I pick out her false hair and said, “Dont be sad, Miss.”讲解:pick out应该为pick up。pick out挑选的意思;pick up捡起的意思。 5.连词(1)主要考察能力:前后两句话之间的衔接关系。常考三种关系:but转折 and并列 because原因ie, One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy. 讲解:显然原文中所要表达的意思是“我们开车去的原因是因为我们要买好多东西”,所以应该把but改为because/as/for。ie,Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers. 讲解:原文表达的意思是“通过网上聊天,学生能够更加轻松自由地表达自己的想法和观点,并且如果他们同外国人交谈,能够提高他们的英语(论坛)水平。”所以前后句之间是并列关系,因该把but改为and6.句式(1)主要考察能力:常考that与what或which/how与what之间的转换。(2)出题形式:ie, She never has enough time for that she wants to do. 讲解:原文意思是“她没有足够多的时间来做自己想做的事情”,很明显应该把that改为what。注意:这一形式是改错常考点。ie, We Chinese people have always been concerned about which has happened in your area. 讲解:原文中需要一个连接词承接前后连个句子,这个连接词充当be concerned about引导宾语从句中的主语,所以应该把which改为what。7. 冠词(1)主要考察能力:句中冠词是否多余(2)出题形式:冠词多余ie, I sat in the front of the TV at 7 oclock, when the game just began. 讲解:区分in front of sth和in the front of sth。解决这个问题记住一句顺口溜就可以了“有the是内无the是外”,即in the front of sth显然是指在事物(sth)内部空间的前面,比如说I prefer to travel in the front of the car.(我愿意坐在汽车的前面);而in front of sth是指事物(sth)外部空间的前面,比如说the car stops in front of the house(汽车停在房前)。因此原文中应该把the去掉。冠词遗漏As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life. 讲解:at an - age固定搭配词组,表示“出于-年龄”,比如说at an early/tender age,可以翻译为“很小/年幼的时候”. 8.代词(1)主要考察能力:代词是否多余,以及与反身代词之间的混用。(2)出题形式:代词多余ie, Dont lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world, Im sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness. 讲解:lose heart:become discouraged泄气;丧失勇气;而lose ones heart(to sb/st):fall in love爱上;钟情于。原文意思很明显是“别泄气”。所以应该把your去掉。一字之差,离题千里。代词混用ie, We were living in a big family. We treate each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out. 讲解: 原文意思是说“我们生活在一个大家庭之中,彼此间相处如同兄弟姐妹。如果我们之中谁有困难,其他人就会帮助他/她解决困难。”所以应把them改为us;把other改为others。注意:the other表示两者之中“另一个”;the others表示在一个范围内的其他全部。代词遗漏 A teacher could make classes lively and interesting. 讲解: 应该在classes前加his,表示“使他的课堂生动有趣”。 动词(1) He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (lied 改为 lay,lie 表示“躺”时,其过去时是 lay) (全国卷)(2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (seeing 改为 seen,因为从含义上看,此处谓语应用被动语态) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(3) Books may be keep for four weeks. (keep 改为 kept,因此处要用被动语态) (全国卷)(4) and let you know when the book you want has returned. (returned 之前加 been,因从句意上看,此处要用被动语态) (全国卷)(5) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. (go 改为 come,由句意可知) (全国卷)(6) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were,因此处缺谓语动词) (全国卷)(7) Id like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (to 后加 be / become,因 would like后要接不定式,根据句意此处应加 be / become) (全国卷)(8) What your favourite sport? (what 后加 is 或将 What 改为 Whats,此句缺谓语) (全国卷)(9) I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football. (use to 改为 used to,此为习语,意为“过去经常”) (全国卷)(10) I was used to watch it every night. (去掉 was,因 used to do sth 是固定表达,意为“过去常常做”) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(11) There will an important game next month. (will 后加be,此处缺谓语动词) (安徽春季卷)(12) Because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. (去掉 be,因它与其后的动词 develop 相冲突) (北京春季卷)(13) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. (去掉 should,因 put 和 followed 是平行结构,作并列谓语) (全国卷)(14) As we were all left home at an early age. (去掉were,因句中已有谓语动词left,“我们离开家”又是主动,不能再加be) (天津卷)(15) I often dream of a teacher. (a teacher 前加上 being 或 becoming.根据后文的内容看来,作者不是梦见老师,而是自己梦想“成为”一名教师) (年湖北卷)(16) Without enough knowledges, you can never learn well.(learn改为teach,因上句讲“为了教好,教师不得不学”,此句便是“没有学问,就决不会教好”) (年湖北卷) 主谓一致(1) Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. (was 改为 were,因先行词 two men 是复数,所以修饰该先行词的定语从句的谓语动词也应用复数) (全国卷)(2) Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (give 改为 gives,它与makes 为平行结构,构成并列谓语动词) (全国卷)(3) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (is 改为 are,因主语是 my picture and the prize,故谓语动词要用复数) (全国卷)(4) But then there is always more mysteries to look into. (is 改为 are,因其后的 mysteries 为复数,故谓语动词要用复数) (北京春季卷)(5) But not allinformation are good to society. (are改为is,因为主语是不可数名词information,表单数) (广西卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(6) So then, a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. (cost改为costs,因主语是单数a concert,根据全文用的都是现在的时态,故用一般现在时) (年四川卷)(7) If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money. (are改为is,因为在there be结构中的be用is还是用are,由紧跟在be后的那个名词的单复数来决定,此处no need是单数,所以用is) (四川卷)(8) you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. (exist改为exists,因主语which是指the Stamp Collectors Club,这是单数,所以用exists) (浙江卷)(10) One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. (was改为were,因为主语their parents是复数,所以不用was要用were) (年福建卷) 时态w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop(stop改为stopped) (全国卷)(2) and had returned to the car! Bill is standing at the side of the car (is 改为 was) (全国卷)(3) Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the(hurry 改为 hurried) (全国卷)(4) Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (第二个is 改为 was) (全国卷)(5) Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. (had 改为 have) (全国卷)(6) Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (cost 改为 costs) (全国卷)(7) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. (去掉 will) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(8) I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. (is 改为 was) (全国卷)(9) They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. (have 改为 had) (全国卷)(10) I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss Fang. (learn 改为learned) (全国卷)(11) My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. (was 改为 is) (全国卷)(12) I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set. (am 改为 was) (全国卷)(13) Id like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very (had 改为have) (北京春)(14) I remembered her words and calm down. (calm改为calmed)(全国卷)(15) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to (did 改为 do) (全国卷) (16) He said he is busy. (is 改为 was) (北京春)(17) On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. (passes 改为 passed) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(18) But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. (was 改为 is) (安徽卷)(19) At once I apologize and controlled myseff at my best till the dinner started.(apologize改为 apologized) (江苏卷)(20) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. (talked改为 talk) (全国卷)(21) She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbors house. (find改为 found) (福建卷)(22) We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. (treat改为 treated) (天津卷)(23 I am always young when I was staying with them. (am改为 was) (湖北卷)名词(1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. (waters 改为water,因“水”为物质名词,不可数) (全国卷)(2) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. (time改为 times,many times 意为“许多次”) (全国卷)(3) There are branch library in many villages. (library 改为 libraries,因其前的谓语are为复数) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(4) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. (times 改为 time,some time 意为“某时”) (全国卷)(5) Today I visited the Smiths my first time visit to an American family. (去掉time,因first 已含有“次”的意思) (全国卷)(6) They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. (question 改为 questions,因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语 lots of) (全国卷)(7) We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. (subject 改为 subjects,因 a few 后应接复数可数名词) (全国卷)(8) and often watch football match on TV together. (match 改为 matches) (全国卷)(9) Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (return改为 returns,many happy returns of the day! 为祝贺生日的惯用表达) (北京春季卷)(10) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. (schoolmate 改为 schoolmates,因校友不只一个,另外根据其后的 all 也可推知) (全国卷)(11) I used to love science class all of them biology, chemistry, geography, physics. (class 改为 classes,指其后提到的所有课程) (北京春季卷)(12) They did not want me to do any work at family. (family 改为 home,因 at home 为固定短语) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(13) so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subject 改为 subjects,请注意前面的 all) (全国卷)(14) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (picture 改为 pictures,picture 作为可数名词,其前应有限定词,或为复数形式) (全国卷)(15) No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. (program 改为 programs,从句意上看,此处应用复数) (北京春季卷)(16) Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word 改为 words,注意其后的复数动词) (全国卷)(17) You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.“(month 改为 months,因 several 后要用可数名词的复数形式) (江苏卷)(18) but after class we become stranger at once.(stranger改为strangers,由本行前面的we可知应该用名词复数) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(19) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. (minute改为minutes,因为a few后面的名词一定是复数) (广西卷)(20) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby(age改为ages,因谈到不止一个人的年龄,age用复数;of all ages指各个年龄阶段的人 (浙江卷)(21) She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when (homeworks改为homework,因它是不可数名词,没有复数形式) (福建卷)(22) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改为knowledge,因 knowledge是不可数名词,没有复数形式) (湖北卷)形容词与副词(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改为 frightened,因它表示某人感到害怕,而不是令人害怕) (全国卷)(2) Charles said, “As soon as I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it. (realy 改为 really 或 real,若改为 really,则修饰 tall;若改为 real,则修饰 building) (全国卷)(3) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. (taller 改为 tallest,因从含义上看此处应是最高级) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(4) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. (去掉 more,因为 longer 本身已是比较级,不能再受 more 修饰) (全国卷)(5) Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. (Therefore 改为 However,因此处语意转折) (全国卷)(6) People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. (so long as 改为 as long as,其意为“与一样长”) (全国卷)(7) In some places you may borrow many books as you want. (many 之前加 as,因as as 结构不完整) (全国卷)(8) I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends here that a great time I had. (that 改为 what) (全国卷)(9) I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. (去掉 much,因 much 不能用来修饰形容词的原级,尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级) (全国卷)(10) Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改为 wonderful,因它是放在名词前作定语) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(11) First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉 more,因从上下文看,这是第一次给对方写信,不存在谈谈“更多情况”的问题) (全国卷)(12) I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting 改为 interested,be interested in 意为“对感兴趣”) (全国卷)(13) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. (important 改为 importance,teach 后可接名词或代词作宾语,但不接形容词作宾语) (全国卷)(14) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately,因此处要求用副词作状语) (全国卷)(15) I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. (what 改为 how,how 在此表示方式) (北京春季卷) (16) After learning the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me. (practically 改为 practical,此处用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(17) Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. (去掉 often,因句中的whenever 与 often 意义重复) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(18) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (What 改为 How,句意为“不知其他家庭的情况是怎样的”) (全国卷)(19) For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four oclock in the morning. (loudly 改为 loud,与 strong 并列作定语,修饰 music) (北京春季卷)(20) But he is difference now. (difference改为different,即用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(21) The time passes quickly. Evening came down. (去掉 down,要表示“夜幕来临”,直接说 Evening came 即可) (全国卷)(22) although radios can be very noise. (noise 改为 noisy,即用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(23) all planned and written by grown-ups to make children want things that they dont real need. (real 改为 really,修饰动词要用副词) (北京春季卷)(24) But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he wouldnt play basketball any more. (then 改为 now,just now 为习语,意为“刚才”) (安徽春季卷)(25) But one of the best players in our team told me just now that he wouldnt play basketball once more. (once 改为 any,not any more为习语,意为“不再”) (安徽卷)(26) I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (quietly 改为quiet,and连接并列成分quite和shy) (全国卷)(27) Finding information on the Net is easily. (easily改为easy,作表语要用形容词) (年广西卷)(28) Yes, a concert can be very excited. (excited改为exciting,表示某事物是“令人兴奋的”用exciting;表示某人“感到兴奋”才用excited) (四川卷)(30) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. (interested 改为 interesting,指某事物是“令人有趣的”,用interesting,表示某人“对感兴趣”时,用interested) (浙江卷)(31) She called 119 immediate. (immediate改为immediately,用作状语,要用副词) (福建卷)(32) However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. (helplessly改为helpless,在系动词felt后作表语,要用形容词) (天津卷)介词(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car. (in 改为 on,insist on 为固定搭配) (全国卷)(2) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. (at 改为 of,catch sight of是习语,意为“看见”) (全国卷)(3) When I have free time I go a long walk. (go 后加 for,go for a walk 是习语) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(4) When they came down the police were angry to them. (to 改为 with,要表示对某人生气,英语习惯上用be angry with sb) (全国卷)(5) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (去掉 for,因其前的 get 是及物动词) (全国卷)(6) and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular. (books for 改为 books on,此处的 on 意为“关于”) (全国卷)(7) I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. (去掉 about 或将 about 改为 that,因动词 knew 后可直接跟宾语从句,无需用介词) (全国卷)(8) It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. (for 改为 of,注意句型 Its kind of sb to do sth) (全国卷)(9) In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. (去掉 in,在由 next, this, last 等构成的时间短语中,一般可直接用作时间状语,无需加 in, on, at 这样的介词) (全国卷)(10) We practise for three times every week. (去掉 for,在表示频率的名词前通常不加介词) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(11) We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (instead 后加 of,instead of 为复合介词,在此表示“而不是”) (全国卷)(12) Unfortunately, there are too many people among my family. (among 改为 in,in my family 意为“在我家里”) (全国卷)(13) I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing(a lot 后加 of,因 a lot 不能直接修饰名词) (全国卷)(14) Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday. (on 改为 for,thanks for doing sth 意为“因某事而感谢某人”) (北京春季卷)(15) So Im really sorry that I wont be able to come in this time. (去掉 in,因 this time 可直接用作状语) (北京春季卷)(16) but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. (去掉 about,因 about 后没有接宾语,about 属多余) (全国卷)(17) For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four oclock in the morning. (去掉 on,因 one night 可直接用作状语) (北京春季卷)(18) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉 at,the moment 在此用作连词,相当于 as soon as) (全国卷)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m(19) His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examinatio
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