语法被动语态讲解.doc

被动语态一、定义：主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。 常见考点有：被动语态的基本结构及转换方法 主动结构表示被动意义 省略to 的不定式作补语在被动语态中符号 to 的保留二、被动语态的基本结构及转换方法 被动语态的基本结构是“be+过去分词”， 各种时态的被动结构需将被动式与时态的构成方式合二为一，即将构成被动语态的be看作时态中的谓语动词，并将其做相应的变化。 主动句中的主语放在介词by之后做宾语，如果是代词，将主格改成宾格，by短语可省略。 All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. 所有人都嘲笑他。 They make the bike in the factory.The bike are made (by them) in the factory. 这家工厂生产自行车。时态被动式一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般将来时shall/will/be going to be+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are being +过去分词过去进行时was/were being+ 过去分词现在完成时have/has been+ 过去分词过去完成时had been+ 过去分词情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词1. 只有及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years. 这些年我们的家乡发生了巨大的变话。2. 主动句中带有双宾语的动词在被动句中可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语，但用直接宾语作主语时在间接宾语前应加上介词to 或for。 在动词pass, give, post, leave 等后应加介词to, 而在动词buy, sing, cook, draw, make 等后应加介词for。Ill give her a present for her birthday.A present will be given to her for her birthday by me.我将给她买一份生日礼物My brother bought me a kite.A kite was bought for me by my brother.哥哥给我买了一个风筝。3. 在主动句中，如果动词后是复合宾语，则被动语态只可用宾语作被动句的主语，而不可用宾语补足语作主语。 We called that dog HuahuaThat dog was called Huahua.那条狗叫花花4. 短语动词的被动结构是：主语+被动式谓语+介词/副词（+by短语）。将含有短语动词的主动句转换成被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词不能遗漏。We have sent for a doctor. A doctor has been sent for (by us) 我们已经派人去请医生了。They are taking good care of the children.The children are being taken good care of(by them)孩子们正在受到（他们）良好的照顾例题：1. -Would you like to go to the movie with me?-Sorry, I _ to go out tonight.A. wont be allowed B. am allowedC. dont allow D. will allow2. -Do you have any problems if you _ this job? -Well, Im thinking about the working day. A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered3. Waste paper shouldnt _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep our city clean. A. be thrown B. throw C. is thrown D. are thrown4. -Why did you leave your city last year? -Because I _ a new job in another city. A. offered B. am offered C. was offered三、主动结构表示被动意义1. open, lock, sell, read, write, clean, cut, wash, burn, teach, drive, shut 等及物动词在用作不及物动词时， 如果主语为物时， 可用主动语态表示被动意义。 This kind of skirt sells well. 这款裙子卖得很好。 The car drives well. 这辆车很好开。2. end, cook, do, print, copy, sell, work out 等动词的现在进行时态表示被动意义。The meat is cooking. 正在猪肉。The book is printing. 这本书正在印刷之中3. look, taste, smell, sound等表示感官的连系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。The dress looks nice on you.你穿着这条裙子很漂亮The dish tastes good. 这道菜味道很好。4. be worth doing 结构中doing 为主动形式表示被动意义。The topic is well worth talking about.这个话题很值得一谈。5. want, need, require 等动词表示“需要”，后面常可跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done.All these computers need repairing.= All these computers need to be repaired. 所有这些电脑都需要修理6. 某些表示“发生”、“爆发”或“传播”的不及物动词， 如： happen, break out, spread 等，也可以用主动形式表示被动意义。The accident happened in 2009. 事故发生在2009年。例题：1. -Have you seen the TV play My Ugly Mother?-Yes, its well worth_. Its _ moving that Ive seen it twice.A. seeing; too B. to see; enoughC. seeing; so D. to see; such2. -Do you like this shirt? -Yes. It _ very soft. A. is feeling B. feels C. is felt 3. These apples _ well because they _ nice. A. are sold; look B. sell; look C. sell; are looked D. are sold; are looked四、省略to 的不定式作补语在被动语态中符号to的保留。 在主动句中，感官动词see, look at, hear, listen to, feel, watch, notice 及使役动词make, let, have 等后应跟不带to的动词不定式作补语， 而在被动句中应加上不定式符号to(let除外)。 Someone saw Jack enter the teachers office. Jack was seen to enter the teachers office. 有人看见杰克进了老师办公室。例题：1. The girl was often heard _ happily in her room.A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sings2. The young man was often seen _ by the lake. A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew实战演练单项选择1. A large number of engineers _ to Africa by our government to help the people there every year.A. have sent B. will send C. are sent D. is sent2. The machine _ in a dry and cool place.A. must kept B. must keepC. must be kept D. must be keep3. Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C are needed D. will need4. The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt5. The books may _ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow6. The broken bike _ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended7. The play _ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown8. Newly-born babies _ in hospital. A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care9. Thats a nice watch! Is it _ in China? A. make B. making C. made D. makes10. -When _ the car _? -In 1885. A. did; invent B. was; invented C. does; invent D. is; invented11. All my favorite story books _ by my mother before last exam. A. hid B. have hidden C. were hiding D. were hidden12. Sometimes they _ play football. A. are seen to B. are seen C. will be seen to D. are to see13. English _ in this school since 1980. A. is taught B. has been taught C. was taught D. had been taught14. Twenty students in this university _ to Australis to study last year, and more students are expecting to have the chance next year. A. are sent B. were sent C. will send D. will be sent15. I wont go to her party unless my best friend Jack _ A. will invite B. will be invited C. is invited D. invites16. -You have just come back from your hometwon, havent you? -Yes, great changes _ since 2005. A. took place B. are taken place C. have taken place D.taken place17. Many old houses around our school _ next year and a large green area will appear. A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down18. When we got there, the street _. A. was being repaired B. is being repaired C. has being repaired Drepaired19. She was heard _ just now. A. go up stairs B. to go upstairs C. go to upstairs D. to go to upstairs20. -Well, lets go to visit the amusement park this Saturday. -That _ great. A. feels B. looks C. sounds D. listens21. Professor Li _ to the Talk Show on CCTV-1last weekend. A. invites B. invited C. was inviting D. was invited22. The boy _ to get supper ready after school.A. were told B. is telling C. was told D. tells23. -Can sixteen-year-olds drive their cars to school? -No. They shouldnt _ to drive because they are not serious enough. A. allow B. allowed C. be allowed C. have allowed24. Attention, please! All the mobile phones must _before the meeting starts. A. turn off B. be turned off C. be turning off D. turned off25 . He _ to the hospital in a few minutes. A. was taken B. is taken C. will be taken D. has taken26. More and more people have realized we dont have cleaner water to drink unless something _ soon. A. was done B. will be done C. to be done D. is done27. The grand buildings _ in two years. A. were built B. are built C. will be built 28. Old people must _. A. be spoken to politely B. speak to polite C. be spoken politely D. speak polite29. -How many cakes can I have, mum? -None, dear. They _ for your father. A. prepare B. prepared C. have prepared D. were prepare30. -Look! What a nice garden! -Yes. It_ every day. A. is cleaned B. has been cleaned C. is being cleaned D. was cleaned31. Things should _ here before you enter the Great Museum. A. keeps B. keep C. be kept D. are kept32. -People say the subway (地铁)_ building in Harbin in a few years. -Sounds _. I have never seen it before. A. will finish; interesting B. is finished; interested C. will be finished; interesting33. -There is a lot of wind in North China. -Well, more trees _ every year to stop the wind.A. must be planted B. can plantedC. should planted34. The letter _ in French. I cant read it.A. is writing B. is written C. wrote D. writes35. -I want to be a Chinese teacher when I grow up. -Thats great. Chinese teachers _ in China and some foreign countries. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need36. The trees must _ three times a week. A. water B. be watering C. be watered D. be water37. An accident _ on this road last night. A. has happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened38. Mr. Chen has a loud voice. His voice can _ clearly even in that big classroom. A. hear B. be heard C. be hearing D. have heard39. The house _, so I cant move in. A. was painted B. is painted C. is being painted D. is painting40. Come and sit down by the fire. Your hand _ cold.A. has been felt B. feelsC. is felt D. has felt41. When and where to go for the holiday _ yet.A. have not decided B. have not been decidedC. has not decided D. has not been decided42. The goods _ when we arrived at the spot. A. were unloading B. were been unloading C. had unloaded D. were being unloaded43. -Waiter, Id like some Yangzhou Fried Rice. -Sorry, sir. Yangzhou Fried Rice _ only for lunch and dinner. A. serves B. served C. is serving D. is served44. It is said that the new building _ in a few months. A. completed B. has been completed C. will be completed D. will complete45. A great number of colleges and universities _ since 1949. A. were established B. have been established C. has been established D. was established